MTO-Parametric Estimating Guide-2011

Parametric
Estimating
Guide
Ministry of Transportation Ontario
Highway Construction Costs

Contract Management Office 2011
Estimating Section
2011 Ministry of Transportation
2011 Parametric Estimating Guide:

Prepared by: Kai Statulevicius
Edited by: Paul Sosney

Kathy Wood
Technical Expertise Provided by:
MTO Contract Management Office

Estimating Section
Arlene Alerta
Chris Garratt
John Lee
Ed Marcon
Jeff Mitchell
Chris Smith
2011
Parametric Estimating Guide i CMO: Estimating Section

TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... iii
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... iv
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... v
USING THE GUIDE ............................................................................................................. vi
SECTION 1 - ROAD REHABILITATION IMPROVEMENTS ..................................... 10

RESURFACING (Rural & Urban) ..................................................................................... 11
RESURFACING AND GRADING (Rural) ....................................................................... 12
RECONSTRUCTION......................................................................................................... 13
SECTION 2 - EXPANSION IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................. 15

MAJOR WIDENING.......................................................................................................... 16
NEW CONSTRUCTION – (2 Lane) .................................................................................. 17
NEW CONSTRUCTION – (4 Lane) .................................................................................. 18
SECTION 3 - OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................ 19

NEW ILLUMINATION and SIGNALS ............................................................................ 20
GUIDE RAIL ...................................................................................................................... 21
SECTION 4 – NEW STRUCTURES .................................................................................. 22

NEW STRUCTURES – ALL TYPES & MATERIALS .................................................... 23
NEW STRUCTURES – PRECAST BOX .......................................................................... 24
NEW STRUCTURES – PRESTRESSED CPCI MEMBERS ........................................... 25
NEW STRUCTURES – POST-TENSIONED BOX .......................................................... 26
NEW STRUCTURES – RIGID FRAME ........................................................................... 27
NEW STRUCTURES – STEEL BEAM ............................................................................ 28
SECTION 5 –STRUCTURE REHABILITATION ........................................................... 29

STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – ALL TYPES AND MATERIALS ...................... 30
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CULVERT (OVER 3.0 M SPAN)...................... 31
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE GIRDER ....................................... 32
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE BOX GIRDER .............................. 33
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE POST
TENSIONED ...................................................................................................................... 34
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE RIGID FRAME ............................ 35
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL GIRDER................................................. 36
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL BOX GIRDER ....................................... 37
STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL RIGID FRAME ..................................... 38
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................... 39
Parametric Estimating Guide ii CMO: Estimating Section

APPENDIX I - Culverts...................................................................................................... 40
APPENDIX II - Traffic Control Signing ............................................................................ 42
APPENDIX III - Breakdown of Typical Contract Cost Percentages by Work Type ......... 43
APPENDIX IV - Long Term Cost Projections ................................................................... 44
APPENDIX V – Projected Inflation Tables ....................................................................... 46
APPENDIX VI - Examples ................................................................................................ 48
APPENDIX VII - Tender Price Index ................................................................................ 49
APPENDIX VIII – Included Projects ................................................................................. 51
List of Tables
Table 1 - Resurfacing ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Table 2 - Resurfacing and Grading ................................................................................................................... 12
Table 3 - Reconstruction .................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 4 - Major Widening ................................................................................................................................. 16
Table 5 - New Construction (2 Lane) ................................................................................................................ 17
Table 6 - New Construction (4 Lane) ................................................................................................................ 18
Table 7 – New Illumination................................................................................................................................ 20
Table 8 – Signals ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Table 9 – Safety Improvements (Guide Rail) ................................................................................................... 21
Table 10 - New Structures (All Types & Materials) ........................................................................................ 23
Table 11 - New Structures (Precast Box) .......................................................................................................... 24
Table 12 - New Structures (Prestressed CPCI members) ............................................................................... 25
Table 13 - New Structures (Post-Tensioned Box) ............................................................................................ 26
Table 14 - New Structures (Rigid Frame) ........................................................................................................ 27
Table 15 - New Structures (Steel Beam) ........................................................................................................... 28
Table 16 – Structure Rehabilitation – All Types and Materials ..................................................................... 30
Table 17 -Structure Rehabilitation - Culvert (Over 3.0 M Span) .................................................................. 31
Table 18 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Girder ................................................................................... 32
Table 19 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Box Girder ........................................................................... 33
Table 20- Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Hollow Core Post Tensioned ............................................... 34
Table 21 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Rigid Frame ......................................................................... 35
Table 22 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Girder .......................................................................................... 36
Table 23 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Box Girder................................................................................... 37
Table 24 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Rigid Frame ................................................................................ 38
Table 25 - Culverts (Cast in Place).................................................................................................................... 40
Table 26 - Culverts (Precast) ............................................................................................................................. 41
Table 27 - Traffic Control Signing .................................................................................................................... 42
Table 28 - Appendix - Resurfacing ................................................................................................................... 43
Table 29 - Appendix - Resurfacing and Grading ............................................................................................. 43
Table 30 - Appendix - Reconstruction .............................................................................................................. 43
Table 31 - Appendix - Major Widening ............................................................................................................ 43
Table 32 - Appendix - New Construction (2-Lane) .......................................................................................... 43
Table 33 - Appendix - New Construction (4-Lane) .......................................................................................... 43
Table 34 - Appendix - New Structures .............................................................................................................. 43
Parametric Estimating Guide iii CMO: Estimating Section

List of Figures
Figure 1 - Resurfacing ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Figure 2 - Resurfacing and Grading ................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 3 - Reconstruction .................................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 4 - Major Widening ................................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 5 - New Construction (2 Lane) .............................................................................................................. 17
Figure 6 - New Construction (4 Lane) .............................................................................................................. 18
Figure 7 - Safety Improvements (Guide Rail) .................................................................................................. 21
Figure 8 - New Structures (All Types & Materials) ........................................................................................ 23
Figure 9 - New Structures (Precast Box) .......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 10 - New Structures (Prestressed CPCI) .............................................................................................. 25
Figure 11 - New Structures (Post-Tensioned Box) ........................................................................................... 26
Figure 12 - New Structures (Rigid Frame) ....................................................................................................... 27
Figure 13 - New Structures (Steel Beam).......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 14 - Culverts (Cast in Place) .................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 15 - Culverts (Precast)............................................................................................................................ 41
Figure 16 - Traffic Control Signing .................................................................................................................. 42
Parametric Estimating Guide iv CMO: Estimating Section

INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Transportation's Provincial Highway Construction Program is achieved

through the public tendering of construction contracts. Cost information derived from the
process is subsequently used by a number of internal and external offices. As custodian of
the tendered price information, the Estimating Section of the Contract Management Office
periodically issues an updated “Parametric Estimating for Highway Construction Costs”
guide.
This guide can be used for costing projects during conceptual planning and preliminary
design phases, and as an indicator for future trend analysis. Engineering judgement must
be applied on a project specific basis as the characteristics of each section of roadway are
unique and must be taken into account. Application of the values to projects in the detail
design stage is not appropriate. In this phase more detailed costing can be done on an
item specific basis using the Ministry’s Highway Costing database and report system (HiCo),
which enables more current and accurate use of cost data.
Costs were derived from data obtained through CID and HiCo databases for tendered
capital contracts from 2002 to 2010. The data reflects the average price of the three low
bidders, and all bid values were inflated to 2011 present day worth. Selective judgement
was applied to the incorporation of the data in determining the average construction costs in
the applicable categories.
The figures in the guide reflect the average construction costs for major types of work
throughout the Province. Construction costs are considered to be the total of all contract
items related to the improvement unless otherwise stated, but do not include any right-of-
way-costs associated with property acquisition - including purchasing, legal fees, costs of
moving or altering utilities, or building removal unless part of the construction contract.
Parametric Estimating Guide v CMO: Estimating Section

USING THE GUIDE
Improvement Type
Costs for each type of improvement are categorized under:

♦ Road Rehabilitation Improvements;
♦ Expansion Improvements;
♦ Operational Improvements;
♦ New Structures;
♦ Structural Rehabilitation.
In each category provincial and regional average costs are presented, however not all work
types occur in all regions so no value is shown where insufficient data exists.
Except where otherwise noted, the costs are for King’s highway conditions and represent
roadway and related construction costs only. Costs for engineering materials and sundry
are not included, but typically range from 8% to 12%, not including incentives, bonuses or
CA costs.
Included / Non-Included Items
1. Road Rehabilitation Improvements

Includes all grading costs, from major reconstruction to surface treatment, including
geometric revisions, minor culverts and all associated minor items. Does not include
electrical work such as lighting or traffic signals, ATMS, or structural work such as
bridges and structural culverts, either new or rehabilitated.
2. Expansion Improvements
Cost includes all operations associated with major widening and new construction. A
complete list of additional operations which may be constructed during major
expansion and which costs may be included, is found under RECONSTRUCTION –
RANGE DETAILS. Cost does not include electrical work such as lighting or traffic
signals, ATMS, or structural work such as bridges and structural culverts, either new
or rehabilitated.
Parametric Estimating Guide vi CMO: Estimating Section

3. Operational Improvements
Includes costs for the operational improvement. Any associated costs which may be
included such as traffic control are noted in the type of improvement shown.
4. New Structures
Includes the cost of the structure only. Traffic control is not included.
5. Structural Rehabilitation
3 Types are included; Replacement, Major Rehab, Minor rehab. Does not include
traffic control, grading, paving, or electrical work.
General Notes
Structures
Bridge structure costs (either new or rehabilitation) have been removed from all roadway
categories and are shown separately in their appropriate sections, although minor structural
culverts may be included. For further details on the construction of new structures, contact
the Estimating Office for copies of the “New Structure Cost” spreadsheet.
Electrical Work
The extent of electrical work can vary substantially. For this reason the electrical costs have
been removed from most categories in order to present a basic roadway cost. Some typical
electrical costs are detailed under Operational Improvements and as well, the percent cost
of electrical work over tender value for typical construction improvements can be obtained
from the chart in Appendix II, Breakdown of Typical Contract Cost Percentages. For more
detailed electrical costs, it is recommended that the appropriate regional electrical
engineering section be contacted.
Parametric Estimating Guide vii CMO: Estimating Section

Lane KM and Centre Line KM
Roadwork costs in the tables and graphs are represented by either Cost per Centre Line
KM or Cost per Lane KM, such as:
♦ Rehabilitation Improvement costs are presented on a per Lane KM of construction
basis so that the data can be readily applied to any number of lanes.
♦ Expansion Improvements are represented by Centre Line KM.
Centre Line KM - The linear length of construction, measured along the main highway
alignment, including the entire right of way. Driving lanes, side roads, interchanges and
entrances are not measured independently as they are included in the Centre Line KM unit.
Example: 10 km of 4-lane new construction with 3 interchanges and side road

improvements.
This project includes 10.0 Centre Line km’s.
Lane KM – The length of each lane within the contract limits is added together.
Example: 10 km of 4-lane resurfacing.

This project includes 40.0 Lane km’s.
Cost Range
The range of costs used to calculate the averages are included to allow the designer to
make adjustments to the average based on the extent of additional operations that can be
found within each improvement type. The number of contracts used to calculate the value
within each region and project type has been added to the charts to give the user an idea of
the significance of the averages and ranges.
Inflation
As stated in the introduction, the costs in this guide have been calculated to 2011 values. To
inflate to any future year, see Appendices IV and V.
Parametric Estimating Guide viii CMO: Estimating Section

Individual project costs and/or more detailed cost information on the contracts used in this
guide are readily available from the Ministry's Estimating Section in St. Catharines:
Contact:
Estimating Section
Contract Management Office
Ministry of Transportation
301 St. Paul St.
St. Catharines, Ontario
L2R 7R4
Phone: (905) 704-2134

Fax: (905) 704-2040
Parametric Estimating Guide ix CMO: Estimating Section

SECTION 1 - ROAD REHABILITATION IMPROVEMENTS
Road Rehabilitation Improvement Types that have been included in this section are:
• Resurfacing;
• Resurfacing & Grading;
• Reconstruction.
Although Rehabilitation may alter the geometrics, it does not result in any net additional
(through) lanes to the network.
Parametric Estimating Guide 10 CMO: Estimating Section

RESURFACING (Rural & Urban)

(Includes Selective Resurfacing)
• Resurfacing consists of providing a new surface on an existing pavement. It can include

cold-in-place recycling, hot mix overlays, milling with hot mix overlays, concrete surface
rehab, concrete overlay, and other similar treatments.
• These costs include surface treatment, pavement markings, traffic control and minor
improvements as detailed below.
• These costs do not include electrical work, structural work, illumination, loop
detectors or traffic counting stations.
Table 1 - Resurfacing
Region Cost Per Lane km Cost Range No. Contracts
Central $118,000 $60,000 - $268,000 12

East $106,000 $57,000 - $135,000 6
West $108,000 $70,000 - $156,000 6
Northeast $113,000 $96,000 - $126,000 4
Northwest $146,000 $101,000 - $192,000 4
Provincial $118,000 $57,000 - $268,000 32
• Cost Range: is an indictor of remoteness of location, traffic volumes, construction

restrictions, asphalt type, number and thickness of lifts, PGAC grade, constraints
including time allotted to do the work, and the possible inclusion of very minor “other”
work such as minor safety improvements, and spot treatments to subgrade or shoulders.
$160,000
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0
Central East West Northeast Northwest Provincial
Cost Per Lane KM
Figure 1 - Resurfacing

RESURFACING AND GRADING (Rural)
• Resurfacing and Grading is defined as improvement to the pavement beyond the

surface layers. It can include excavation for frost heaves, ditching, and placement of
granular lifts over existing pavement and resurfacing.
• These costs include grading, drainage, paving, granular material, pavement markings,
traffic control and roadside safety improvements.
Table 2 - Resurfacing and Grading

Region Cost Per Lane km Cost Range No. Contracts
Central $279,000 $87,000 - $680,000 8

East $170,000 $90,000 - $262,000 9
West $235,000 $109,000 - $355,000 8
Northeast $172,000 $137,000 - $232,000 8
Northwest $188,000 $102,000 - $266,000 5
Provincial $209,000 $87,000 - $680,000 38
• These costs do not include electrical work, structural work, illumination, loop
detectors or traffic counting stations.
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
Cost Per Lane KM
Figure 2 - Resurfacing and Grading

RECONSTRUCTION
• Reconstruction is the rebuilding of the road structure. It can include removal of existing
full pavement structure and re-compaction of the subgrade and complete replacement of
the pavement structure. It is performed substantially along the existing alignment, and
will normally result in improvements to the geometrics of a road.
• Costs subject to the degree of reconstruction and the extent of grading.
• Costs include grading, drainage, paving, granular material, pavement markings, traffic
control and roadside safety improvements.
• These costs do not include structural repairs, ATMS, or electrical work.
Table 3 - Reconstruction
Region Cost Per Lane km Cost Range* No. Contracts
Central $400,000 $247,000 - $614,000 3

East $363,000 $277,000 - $496,000 4
West $474,000 $357,000 - $584,000 4
Northeast $350,000 $229,000 - $464,000 4
Northwest $363,000 $152,000 - $520,000 3
Provincial $390,000 $152,000 - $614,000 18
*Cost Range: See notes following chart.
$500,000
$450,000
$400,000
$350,000
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
Cost Per Lane KM
Figure 3 - Reconstruction

RECONSTRUCTION – RANGE DETAILS
Large range in cost is derivative of the extent of reconstruction, especially to the outside
shoulder and ditch lines.
More extensive shoulder widening, shoulder paving, drainage improvements and rock
removal is typical of the operations that influence the price of the work.
Other factors, which contribute to higher range costs are:
• high traffic areas – especially in Southern Ontario;

• number of interchanges and entrances within the contract limits;
• inclusion and extent of detouring;
• number of non-structural culverts; grade raises; curve re-alignments;
• and extent of rock and muskeg.
Following is a list of operations commonly included in reconstruction projects that can add to
the project scope and cost:
• Additional spot repair or frost heave areas

• Curve/shoulder widening
• Fully paved shoulders
• Grade revisions
• Partial pavement widening
• Rock hazards
• Rumble strips
• Safety improvements
• Side road improvements
• Snow plow turnarounds
• Truck climbing lanes
• Turn lanes
For example, a proposed reconstruction project with extensive grade revisions would
command an estimated cost at the high end of the price range.

SECTION 2 - EXPANSION IMPROVEMENTS
The Expansion Improvement Types in this document are listed below:
New Links: New construction is complete roadway construction on a new

alignment, or following an existing highway to create a twinned
alignment. The Inventory Section corresponding to a new link is
defined as a "Planned Highway Section".
Major Widening: Major Widening is the addition of lanes to an existing facility.

MAJOR WIDENING
• Major widening is the addition of lanes to an existing facility.

• Costs are for Centre Line kilometres.
• These costs include grading, drainage, paving, granular material, pavement markings,
landscaping, traffic control and roadside safety improvements.
Table 4 - Major Widening

# of Lanes Added Cost / Centre Line KM Cost Range (Million) No. Contracts
Passing/Truck Climbing $1,010,000 $0.8 - $1.3 4

2 Lane Rural $3,609,000 $2.3 - $4.4 5
1 Lane Urban $2,069,000 $2.0 - $2.2 2
2 Lane Urban $7,947,000 $6.2 - $9.7 6
4 Lane Urban $14,255,000 $11.8 - $16.0 3
Provincial Average N/A N/A N/A
• These costs do not include electrical work, structural work, ATMS, loop detectors
or traffic counting stations.
• Cost Range: indicative of inclusion of tall wall barrier (urban only), noise barrier, number
of intersections (at ramps & service roads), interchanges, ramp modifications, extent of
service road reconstruction, commuter parking lots, muskeg and rock work.
$16,000,000
$14,000,000
$12,000,000
$10,000,000
$8,000,000
$6,000,000
$4,000,000
$2,000,000
$0
Passing/Truck 2 Lane Rural 1 Lane Urban 2 Lane Urban 4 Lane Urban
Climbing
Cost Per Centre Line KM
Figure 4 - Major Widening

NEW CONSTRUCTION – (2 Lane)
• New construction (2-Lane) involves the complete construction of a new roadway. This
could be on a new alignment or follow an existing 2-lane highway resulting in a twin
alignment to create a divided highway.
Table 5 - New Construction (2 Lane)

Region Cost / Centre Line KM Cost Range (Million) No. Contracts
Central $3,805,000 $3.3 - $4.3 2

East $4,918,000 $4.3 - $6.0 3
West N/A N/A N/A
Northeast (Arterial) $1,796,000 $1.7 - $1.8 2
Northeast (Freeway) $3,369,000 N/A 1
Northwest $3,730,000 $3.6 - $3.8 2
Provincial $3,956,000 $3.3 $6.0 10
• These costs do not include structural work
• Costs include grading, drainage, granular base, hot mix paving, roadside safety,
traffic control, illumination, high mast lighting, ATMS, noise barrier and traffic
signals.
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0
(Freeway)
Cost Per Lane KM
Figure 5 - New Construction (2 Lane)

NEW CONSTRUCTION – (4 Lane)
• New construction (4-Lane) involves the complete construction of a 4-Lane divided

highway on a new alignment.
Table 6 - New Construction (4 Lane)

Region Cost / Centre Line km Cost Range (Million) No. Contracts
Central $6,705,000 $3.4 – $9.5 4

East $5,256,000 N/A 1
West N/A N/A N/A
Northeast $5,350,000 $2.9 – $7.6 9
Northwest N/A N/A N/A
Provincial $5,770,000 $2.9 – $9.5 14
• These costs do not include structural work or property acquisition.
• Costs include grading, drainage, granular base, hot mix paving, roadside safety,
traffic control, illumination, high mast lighting, ATMS, Tall Wall barrier (if
applicable), noise barrier and traffic signals. Also includes re-alignment and
reconstruction to local and service roads.
$8,000,000
$7,000,000
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0
Cost Per Lane KM
Figure 6 - New Construction (4 Lane)

SECTION 3 - OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS
These improvements address deficiencies in the areas of Safety and Operations of the
highway system, or address other services to the highway user

NEW ILLUMINATION and SIGNALS
• Construction of new conventional or high mast lighting for areas where lighting could
alleviate safety and operational concerns on a road.
Table 7 – New Illumination

Partial
Type Full Interchange
Interchange
Conventional $200,000 $130,000

$1,120,000 (9 $510,000 (3 HMP)
High Mast
HMP)
• Costs include all electrical components and structural pole foundations.

• Costs do not include local power hook up.
Table 8 – Signals
(2) – Four Way (2) - Three Way
Type Intersection Intersection
Signals $450,000 $360,000
• For each additional signal, add $110,000.

GUIDE RAIL
• Installation of new single rail and single rail with channel guide rail to upgrade existing
facilities.
• These costs include single rail guide rail, single rail with channel, end treatments, energy
attenuators, removal of existing guide rail, granular materials and traffic control
• These costs are for linear, single-sided, continuous lengths of guide rail.
Table 9 – Safety Improvements (Guide Rail)
Project Length (km) Avg. Cost Per km Cost Range
0 – 4.9 N/A
$300,000
5+ $176,000 $163,500 - $192,200
• The above costs apply only to stand alone safety improvement contracts, and are not
intended to be used for the guide rail component of larger projects.
$350,000
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0
0 – 4.9 5+
Cost Per KM
Figure 7 - Safety Improvements (Guide Rail)

SECTION 4 – NEW STRUCTURES

NEW STRUCTURES – ALL TYPES & MATERIALS
• Costs are based on square metre of deck area. Deck is defined as area of finished deck
surface with length measured between abutment joints and width measured from the
outside extremities of deck (including any cantilevered sections).
Table 10 - New Structures (All Types & Materials)

2 2
Deck Area (m ) Avg. Cost Per m Cost Range
1 – 249 $4,860 N/A

250 – 499 $4,280 N/A
500 – 749 $2,640 N/A
750 – 2,999 $2,420 N/A
3,000 – 3,999 $2,300 N/A
4,000 – 4,999 $1,760 N/A
5,000 – 7,499 $1,240 N/A
• Costs include: structure excavation, dewatering, piling, footings, abutments,

piers, formwork, falsework, access to structure, reinforcing steel, deck, beams,
parapet wall, joints, waterproofing.
• Costs do not include paving, embedded or other electrical work, or traffic control.
• See Example 2 in Appendix V for the intended usage of these costs.
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1 – 249 250 – 499 500 – 749 750 – 2,999 3,000 4,000 5,000
– 3,999 – 4,999 – 7,499
Deck Area (m2)
Figure 8 - New Structures (All Types & Materials)

NEW STRUCTURES – PRECAST BOX
Table 11 - New Structures (Precast Box)
2 2
All $3,145 $3,290 - $3,770
• Cost Range: Dependent on remoteness of location, type of crossing, bridge

geometry, type of foundation, abutment type, span arrangement, etc.
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
All PCB
Cost per (m2)
Figure 9 - New Structures (Precast Box)

NEW STRUCTURES – PRESTRESSED CPCI MEMBERS
Table 12 - New Structures (Prestressed CPCI members)

2 2
1 – 499 $3,370 $1,250 – $9,440

500 – 749 $2,260 $1,140 – $3,520
750 – 2,999 $2,140 $950 - $5,650
3,000 – 3,999 $1,180 $1,100 - $1,260
4,000 – 4,999 $1,760 $1,410 - $2,110
5,000+ $1,810 N/A
• Costs include & Range: See “New Structures – All Types and Materials”
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1 – 499 500 – 749 750 – 2,999 3,000 4,000 5,000+
– 3,999 – 4,999
Deck Area (m2)
Figure 10 - New Structures (Prestressed CPCI)

NEW STRUCTURES – POST-TENSIONED BOX
Table 13 - New Structures (Post-Tensioned Box)

2 2
1 – 1,499 $2,490 $2,130 - $2,920

1,500 + $1,760 $940 - $2,350
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1 – 1,499 1,500 +
Deck Area (m2)
Figure 11 - New Structures (Post-Tensioned Box)

NEW STRUCTURES – RIGID FRAME
Table 14 - New Structures (Rigid Frame)

2 2
1 – 499 $3,100 $1,200 - $3,690

500 – 999 $2,440 $1,590 - $3,680
1,000+ $1,730 $1,660 - $1,800
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1 – 499 500 – 999 1,000+
Deck Area (m2)
Figure 12 - New Structures (Rigid Frame)

NEW STRUCTURES – STEEL BEAM
Table 15 - New Structures (Steel Beam)

2 2
1 – 499 $4,794 $3,010 - $6,580

500 – 999 $1,880 $1,460 - $2,260
1,000 – 1,999 $1,624 $1,350 - $2,100
2,000+ $1,531 $800 – $1,780
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
1 – 499 500 – 999 1,000 – 1,999 2,000+
Deck Area (m2)
Figure 13 - New Structures (Steel Beam)

SECTION 5 –STRUCTURE REHABILITATION

STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – ALL TYPES AND MATERIALS
• Costs are given in an Avg. Cost Per m2 Deck Area and are separated into Bridge types
and Work types.
• See Example 3 in Appendix V for an example calculation using these costs.
• Costs include all structural items: structure excavation, bridge removal, dewatering,
piling, footings, abutments, piers, formwork, falsework, access to structure, reinforcing
steel, deck, beams, parapet wall, joints, waterproofing, concrete repairs, etc.
• Costs do not include grading, paving, embedded or other electrical work, or traffic
control.
• Traffic Control Signing and Other Traffic Control Items( TCB, Temp Signals, Temp
Lighting and Electrical, Temp Pavement Markings) can be estimated using the following:
Table 16 – Structure Rehabilitation – All Types and Materials

Traffic Control Signing Other Traffic Control Items
% of Structural Costs % of Structural Costs

7.2 12.3

STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CULVERT (OVER 3.0 M SPAN)
Table 17 -Structure Rehabilitation - Culvert (Over 3.0 M Span)

2
Work Type Avg. Cost Per m Cost Range No. Contracts
Replacement $5,600 $2,300 - $11,000 6

Major Rehab $1,475 $1,250 - $1,600 4
Minor Rehab $1,170 $450 - $2,300 11
Replacement- full removal and replacement of culvert including Deck, Walls, Foundation,
and Wingwalls.
Replacement Cost Range: Upper range included Northern contract pricing, Lower
range used for more standard replacements.
Major Rehab- includes repairs to main elements, Concrete overlays.
Minor Rehab- includes Concrete patch repairs, Concrete liner, Crack injection.
Cost Range: Dependent on remoteness of location, level of improvement, type of

crossing, bridge geometry, type of foundation, abutment type, span arrangement, etc

STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE GIRDER
Table 18 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Girder

2
Replacement $3,965 $1,700 - $5,600 6

Major Rehab $1,525 $750 - $2,300 11
Minor Rehab* $560 $150 - $800 17
Replacement- categorized by the installation of new primary structure elements such as full
replacement of Deck, Beams, Foundations and/or Abutments along with other rehabilitation
improvement measures.
Major Rehab- includes work on Approach Slabs, Deck joints, Parapet walls, Bearings, Semi-
integral Abutment conversion, Concrete Overlay.
*Minor Rehab- includes Concrete patch repairs, Crack injection. Averaged from all bridge
types involving minor concrete repairs.


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE BOX GIRDER
Table 19 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Box Girder

2
Replacement $760 -- 1
Major Rehab $635 $450 - $900 3
Minor Rehab* $560 $150 - $800 17


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE POST

TENSIONED
Table 20- Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Hollow Core Post Tensioned

2
Replacement -- -- 0
Major Rehab $915 $550 - $1,600 11
Minor Rehab $150 $100 - $200 4
Replacement- No cases.
Minor Rehab- includes Concrete patch repairs, Crack injection.


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – CONCRETE RIGID FRAME
Table 21 - Structure Rehabilitation - Concrete Rigid Frame

2
Replacement $2,030 $1,980 - $2,185 3

Major Rehab $1,800 $1,200 – $2,900 12
Minor Rehab* $550 $150 – $810 17


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL GIRDER
Table 22 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Girder

2
Replacement $2,650 $1,500 - $4,050 10

Major Rehab $1,625 $1,500 - $1,700 2
Minor Rehab $635 $350 - $915 4
Minor Rehab- includes Concrete patch repairs, Crack injection, Steel Coating, Fatigue
repairs.


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL BOX GIRDER
Table 23 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Box Girder

2
Replacement $350 -- 1
Major Rehab $650 -- 1
Minor Rehab $500 $475 - $525 2
Minor Rehab- includes Concrete patch repairs, Crack injection, Steel Coating, Fatigue
repairs.


STRUCTURE REHABILITATIONS – STEEL RIGID FRAME
Table 24 - Structure Rehabilitation - Steel Rigid Frame

2
Replacement $2,950 $2,400 - $3,300 3

Major Rehab -- -- 0
Minor Rehab $600 -- 1
Major Rehab- No Cases.
Minor Rehab- includes Steel Coating, Fatigue repairs.


APPENDICES
The appendices are meant to be used during preliminary and detailed design as the
designer moves away from conceptual parametric costs and into a combination of
parametrics and quantity based costing.

APPENDIX I - Culverts
Cast in Place (Open/Closed)
• Costs Include: protection system, dewatering, temporary flow passage system, removal
of existing culvert/concrete, earth/rock excavation, granular fill, geotextile, concrete,
rebar, precast structure, waterproofing
Table 25 - Culverts (Cast in Place)
Depth of Cover (m) Avg. Cost/m (Culvert Length) Cost Range
2 (m) $14,900 $11,300 - $18,500

2– 4 (m) $19,250 $163,500 - $192,200
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
2 (m) 2– 4 (m)
Cost Per M of Culvert Length
Figure 14 - Culverts (Cast in Place)

Table 26 - Culverts (Precast)
Culvert Width (mm) Avg. Cost/m (Culvert Length)
1800 (mm) $3,500
2400 (mm) $5,300

3000 (mm) $6,700
8000 (mm) $11,800
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
1800 (mm) 2400 (mm) 3000 (mm) 8000 (mm)
Cost Per M of Culvert Length
Figure 15 - Culverts (Precast)

APPENDIX II - Traffic Control Signing
The Traffic Control Signing item (0543-0010) is difficult to estimate due to its openness to
interpretation and flexibility in regards to contractor willingness to exceed the minimum
requirements of Book 7. The following chart and graph are not intended to replace detailed
estimating or researching similar projects, but rather to serve as a tool for verifying
estimates.
The following shows Traffic Control Signing as a percentage relative to the total cost
of all items in the contract including electrical and structural items.
Table 27 - Traffic Control Signing

Work Type Avg % TC Signing Range
Resurfacing 5.7 % 2.1 % to 11.2 %

Resurfacing & Grading 2.3 % 1.1 % to 5.4 %
Reconstruction 2.5 % 0.7 % to 9.8 %
Major Widening 1.7 % 1.0 % to 3.3 %
New Construction (2-Lane) 0.9 % 0.8 % to 0.9 %
New Construction (4-Lane) 0.6 % 0.3 % to 0.8 %
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Resurfacing Resurfacing Reconstruction Major Widening New Con. New Con.
& Grading (2-Lane) (4-Lane)
Project Type
Figure 16 - Traffic Control Signing

APPENDIX III - Breakdown of Typical Contract Cost Percentages by Work Type
• The following tables were developed using the actual costs for 2007 contracts.
• All structural items have been removed from these contracts except in the New
Structures* table.
• Major items are those with a total value of $100,000 or greater.
• Traffic control may include any related major item. (i.e. TC Signing, TCB, PVMS, etc...)
Table 28 - Appendix - Resurfacing

% Major % Minor
Table 29 - Appendix - Resurfacing and Grading
Overall 81.4 % 18.6 %
% Major % Minor
Electrical 0.0 % 0.96 %
Overall 80.5 % 19.5 %
Drainage 1.7 % 1.9 %
Traffic Control 0.61 %
Table 30 - Appendix - Reconstruction

% Major % Minor
Table 31 - Appendix - Major Widening
Overall 82.8 % 17.2 %
% Major % Minor
Drainage Overall 78.1 % 21.9 %
4.3 % 2.6 %
Traffic Control Electrical 2.7 % 6.8 %
2.8 %
Table 32 - Appendix - New Construction (2-Lane)
% Major % Minor
Table 33 - Appendix - New Construction (4-Lane)
Overall 91.9 % 8.1 % % Major % Minor
Electrical 6.2 % 2.0 % Overall 90.8 % 9.2 %
Table 34 - Appendix - New Structures
% Major % Minor
Overall 69.9 % 30.1 %

APPENDIX IV - Long Term Cost Projections
It is difficult to project costs in future years due to the unique conditions of our contracts and
the influence of local and global markets on construction materials. In previous years when
inflation basically flat-lined, it was simple to add 1 or 2% per year to the current years cost.
Those days have been over for sometime. Starting with the first major fuel increase in 2000
when we experienced double-digit fuel inflation for the first time, we can no longer expect
inflationary trends to follow a straight-line path.
There are many reasons for increases, not all of which hinge on material / market jumps. It
is not possible to predict future construction cost escalations with any probability; therefore
there is uncertainty in the cost estimate, which can intensify depending on the lag between
the design and advertising period.
Market Force Escalation / De-Escalation
In past years we have seen prices vary from the norm due to a variety of factors, such as an
over-abundance or shortage of work, downloading of responsibilities to the contractor, large
carryover contracts, timing of municipal contracts, and large specialty projects such as
Skydome, Hwy 407, Windsor BIIG and the Toronto Airport. In recent years we have seen
increased inflation due to large material cost increases caused by worldwide shortages of
steel and cement and demand for oil. While wider scoping influences tend to have a more
universally predictable influence, local market cost escalations tend to be variable, creating
additional uncertainty in the estimates.
From 1992 to 1999 the Tender Price Index (TPI) averaged 2.3% inflation per year. Since
2000 through 2008 the TPI shows inflation to be running at an average of 7% per year, over
three times as high. Since 2009 the global recession has caused a drop in private and
municipal infrastructure spending. This has increased the competition for ministry work such
that the TPI has fallen by 12% over the last two years. This trend is expected to continue for
the next year before levelling out in the following year.
The TPI uses approximately 400 items in it’s breadbasket to calculate inflation. Within the
items, weighted averages are used to calculate a yearly average price. At this time, the item

increases are not proportionally weighted against the total value of the construction
program. This means increases in minor items such as Curb and Gutter will have the same
effect on the total increase as increases in major items such as Asphalt and Granular.
Due to the current lack of proportioning in the TPI, a secondary analysis was undertaken in
2008 of construction inflation using major items that account for 80% of the yearly
construction capital outlay. The overall inflationary increase was calculated by comparing
each items value to the total value of all items used. This proportioning indicates the relative
importance or weight of each item to the refined breadbasket of items.
This analysis showed an average increase of 12.2% per year from 2004 to 2007 while the
TPI calculated an average increase of 8.8 % over the same period. This study concluded
the need for revisions to the Tender Price Index which will go on line sometime in 2011 (see
Appendix VII).
For future contract projections we advise using the table in Appendix IV to adjust costs for
future years. These tables can also be used on longer carry-over projects together with
yearly expenditure projection percentages to adjust for inflation adjustments in bids due to
the uncertainty of long range price forecasting and contractors suppliers reluctance to enter
into price guarantees for longer then 30 days.
The table was developed by analysing construction inflation over the last 8 years, comparing
recent predictions with actual events, monitoring publications and other agencies, and taking
into consideration trends for materials and services in the short and long term.

APPENDIX V – Projected Inflation Tables
Projected Inflation:
Calendar
Inflation %
Year
Low Mean High
2012 -4 % -2 % 2%
2013 -5 % -1 % 3%
2014 -5 % 5% 8%
2015 -2 % 4% 6%
2016 0% 2% 5%
The mean is the projected inflation in future years. The Low and High values
represent the probability of inflation deviating from the mean based on a combination
of mathematical probability and judgement derived from historical trends and market
influences on goods and services.
The following table provide recommended inflation factors up to the 2016/17

construction year. The 1st column (left) shows the project year in which the costs
were obtained and each progressive column shows the inflation factor to future
years. To inflate a project cost, first choose the correct base year in the first column
and multiply the project cost by the inflation factor in the column corresponding to
the required future year.
Example:
A Central Region highway project has an estimated cost of $5,000,000 in

2011. The project will not be tendered until 2015. What will the estimated
cost be?
Answer:
The inflation factor for a project from 2011 to 2015 is 1.059

$5,000,000 x 1.059 = $5,295,000

Therefore the projected 2015 cost would be $5,295,000
Provincial
Projected Year Inflation Factors

Base Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2011 1.000 0.980 0.970 1.019 1.059 1.081

2012 1.000 0.990 1.040 1.081 1.103
2013 1.000 1.050 1.092 1.114
2014 1.000 1.040 1.061
2015 1.000 1.020
2016 1.000
The following chart should only be used to inflate structural contracts or

structural components of a project.
Structure inflation is very difficult to predict, especially in Northern Ontario because

factors such as location, type of overpass, and material supply can affect the cost to
a considerable degree. Regardless, structure costs have been influenced to a great
extent in recent years by changes in the cost of steel, while aggregate, cement and
labour increases have been minor but steady.
Structures
Projected Yearly Inflation Factors

Base Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2011 1.000 1.002 1.012 1.034 1.065 1.097

2012 1.000 1.010 1.040 1.082 1.114
2013 1.000 1.030 1.071 1.103
2014 1.000 1.040 1.071
2015 1.000 1.030
2016 1.000

APPENDIX VI - Examples
1) What will the cost be to resurface 4.5 km 6-Lane Central Region freeway in 2012.
2011 PEG Data

Resurfacing CR - $118,000 / Lane km
2011 – 2012 inflation factor – 0.980
Calculation
$2011 $2012
4.5 x 6.0 x $118,000 = $3,186,000 x 0.980 = $3,122,280
Answer
In 2012 this project is estimated to cost: $3,122,280
2) What will it cost to twin 3.5 km of 2-Lane highway in North region?

The project will be tendered in 2013 and include 2 structures as follows:
1 Steel beam @ 1,000 m2
1 CPCI @ 750 m2
2011 PEG Data
2-Lane New Construction NE region - $6,654,000 / Centre Lane km
Steel Beam Structure - $1,624 / m2
Pre-Cast Box Structure - $2,140 / m2
2011 – 2013 Inflation: North Eastern – 0.97; Structures – 1.012
Calculation
$2011 $2013
3.5 x $3,369,000 = $11,791,500 x 0.097 = $11,437,755
1,000m2 SB x $1,624 = $1,624,000 x 1.012 = $1,643,488
750m2 PB x $2,140 = $1,605,000 x 1.012 = $1,624,260
Total = $14,705,503
Answer
In 2013 this project would have a projected cost of $14,705,503

APPENDIX VII - Tender Price Index
The Tender Price Index is a measure of construction inflation. It is compiled and

calculated in HiCo by comparing the current year’s item prices with the previous
year. Only items used with regular frequency are compared and weighted
averages are used for each individual item. Users must be cautioned however,
as there are many outside forces that can provide a false sense of inflation. For
example, some large increases in the index have been caused by:
 Global conflict in Iraq;

 Hurricane Katrina;
 More or less tendered work then usual, which tends to be reflected in the
following year;
 Increased tendering of carryover contracts;
 Large scale non-MTO projects such as Hwy. 407 expansion, Toronto
Airport, and Windsor BIIG which drive up prices on MTO projects,
especially in the region in which they occur.
The index may be used to adjust historical contract values to present day worth
as well as giving the user insight into calculating projections for future years.
There are currently 7 indices:
Composite (All Items)

Grading
Materials
Drainage
Miscellaneous
Electrical
Structures

All indices are available in HiCo under Reports/Summary and Analysis.
HiCo.Net was released in January 2011. An update to the Tender Price Index is
planned for the end of 2011. As well as a change to the algorithm and reporting
structure, additional indices will be added, including:
Aggregate (Road Base)

Asphalt (Top & Binder)
Structural Concrete
Reinforcing Steel
Structural Steel
These new indices will be used to calculate a proportionally adjusted index

that will provide a more realistic measurement of construction inflation. For
further information, contact the Contract Management Office, Construction
Estimating Section.

APPENDIX VIII – Included Projects
The following is a list of the projects used in this manual for each of the major
categories.
Major
Resurfacing Resurfacing Reconstruction New New
Widening
& Construction Construction
Grading (2-Lane) (4-Lane)
2010-6006 2010-5131 2010-3016 2010-4037 2010-5108 2010-2030

2010-5002 2010-5125 2010-3002 2010-4037 2010-2010 2010-2001
2010-4316 2010-5114 2010-3001 2009-4016 2009-6027 2009-5137
2010-4029 2010-4316 2010-2004 2009-4015 2009-4016 2009-5131
2010-4021 2010-4287 2009-5109 2009-4011 2009-4009 2007-5200
2010-4000 2010-4036 2009-4726 2009-3001 2006-4015 2007-2264
2010-3021 2010-4028 2009-3005 2009-2031 2005-5131 2006-5158
2010-3005 2010-4013 2006-6030 2009-2015 2005-5124 2006-5157
2010-2026 2010-4005 2006-6013 2007-5180 2004-6000 2006-5156
2010-2025 2010-3022 2006-5162 2007-4027 2003-2011 2006-5151
2010-2024 2010-3020 2006-5161 2007-4027 2006-5150
2010-2023 2010-3016 2006-5014 2007-3043 2006-5148
2010-2020 2010-2021 2006-4017 2007-2125 2006-2018
2010-2019 2010-2009 2006-2028 2007-2037 2003-
2010-2007 2009-6018 2005-6004 2007-2026
2009-6009 2009-6017 2004-4012 2006-4080
2009-6006 2009-6015 2004-4005 2005-5010
2009-6003 2009-6007 2002-2008 2005-5010
2009-4729 2009-6004 2005-3045
2009-4021 2009-5107 2005-2025
2009-3016 2009-5102 2003-5131
2009-3014 2009-5101 2003-5131
2009-3013 2009-5005 2002-3011
2009-3006 2009-5002 2002-29
2009-2033 2009-4026
2009-2032 2009-4017
2009-2010 2009-4014
2009-2009 2009-3024
2009-2001 2009-3023
2007-5185 2009-3020
2005-5143 2009-3015
2005-5128 2009-3012
2009-2025
2009-2021
2006-2020
2005-2013
2005-2010
2005-2007

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Parametric

Ministry of Transportation Ontario

Highway Construction Costs

2011 Parametric Estimating Guide:

Edited by: Paul Sosney

Technical Expertise Provided by:

MTO Contract Management Office

Parametric Estimating Guide i CMO: Estimating Section

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... iv

USING THE GUIDE ............................................................................................................. vi

SECTION 1 - ROAD REHABILITATION IMPROVEMENTS ..................................... 10

SECTION 2 - EXPANSION IMPROVEMENTS .............................................................. 15

SECTION 3 - OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................ 19

SECTION 4 – NEW STRUCTURES .................................................................................. 22

SECTION 5 –STRUCTURE REHABILITATION ........................................................... 29

Parametric Estimating Guide ii CMO: Estimating Section

Table 1 - Resurfacing ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Parametric Estimating Guide iii CMO: Estimating Section

Figure 1 - Resurfacing ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Parametric Estimating Guide iv CMO: Estimating Section

The Ministry of Transportation's Provincial Highway Construction Program is achieved

Parametric Estimating Guide v CMO: Estimating Section

USING THE GUIDE

Costs for each type of improvement are categorized under:

Included / Non-Included Items

1. Road Rehabilitation Improvements

Parametric Estimating Guide vi CMO: Estimating Section

Parametric Estimating Guide vii CMO: Estimating Section

Lane KM and Centre Line KM

Example: 10 km of 4-lane new construction with 3 interchanges and side road

Example: 10 km of 4-lane resurfacing.

Parametric Estimating Guide viii CMO: Estimating Section

Phone: (905) 704-2134

Parametric Estimating Guide ix CMO: Estimating Section

SECTION 1 - ROAD REHABILITATION IMPROVEMENTS

Parametric Estimating Guide 10 CMO: Estimating Section

RESURFACING (Rural & Urban)

• Resurfacing consists of providing a new surface on an existing pavement. It can include

Central $118,000 $60,000 - $268,000 12

Provincial $118,000 $57,000 - $268,000 32

• Cost Range: is an indictor of remoteness of location, traffic volumes, construction

Cost Per Lane KM

Parametric Estimating Guide 11 CMO: Estimating Section

RESURFACING AND GRADING (Rural)

• Resurfacing and Grading is defined as improvement to the pavement beyond the

Table 2 - Resurfacing and Grading

Central $279,000 $87,000 - $680,000 8

Provincial $209,000 $87,000 - $680,000 38

Cost Per Lane KM

Figure 2 - Resurfacing and Grading

Parametric Estimating Guide 12 CMO: Estimating Section

• These costs do not include structural repairs, ATMS, or electrical work.

Central $400,000 $247,000 - $614,000 3

Provincial $390,000 $152,000 - $614,000 18

*Cost Range: See notes following chart.

Cost Per Lane KM

Parametric Estimating Guide 13 CMO: Estimating Section

RECONSTRUCTION – RANGE DETAILS

Other factors, which contribute to higher range costs are:

• high traffic areas – especially in Southern Ontario;

• Additional spot repair or frost heave areas

Parametric Estimating Guide 14 CMO: Estimating Section

SECTION 2 - EXPANSION IMPROVEMENTS