AP-C Electricity & Magnetism

Capacitance
Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Derivations
Parallel Capacitors
( = % → Q=CV
+
of 4=42
>
VT =

IIE .
ax
↳ Ct = C, t Cz
g
-

Series Capacitors
( = → x= Ok

E
¥¥ty Gt=Q=Qzz
Vt=V , t Vz
Htt ¥÷¥t¥
-8 .

t.tt#=AdaoU=qbV
.

Potential Energy – Capacitor

Derivation

JU
I = 4dg Q
Wei
REMAINS

) #D8
constant
I = E

JdU=U= ) vlog
= =

J
-
o

( = % STORED

E = { CVZ OR I QVV ENERGY

 CQVE
Complete the CQVE charts.
.

let u C U J UF UC ie J
C Q V E C Q V E

1
4 3167912,482 1
0.324 80 960
20
2 1531621 3,518 2 I 20 200

121200100 60,000 0.25 5

3 3 20 50

T 15.161516 10075,800 T 0.2424 100 1200

C Q V E

1 2 20 10 100

5
2
4 20 50

3
4 20 5 50

4 2 20 10 100

5
3 30 10 150
9
REDRAW 10 150
6 3 30

math ftp. T 3 6020600

33-2 MF

→=
sTG#BgfEtT-
3µF
 Name ______________________
AP-C Electricity & Magnetism
Capacitance Teacher ____________________

Derivations Period _____

Set Up Description Derivation

A oppositely charge parallel q enclosed
Parallel Plate plates of area A and separated Using ò E • dA = eo
derive the
by a distance d.
Two oppositely charge electric field necessary to calculate the
Cylindrical concentric cylinders of radius electric potential difference
r1 and r2.
Two oppositely charge
ò
using DV = - E • dr . Finally calculate
the capacitance as the ratio of charge to
Spherical concentric spheres of radius r1
and r2. Q
potential difference, C =
A positively charge sphere of DV
Isolated Sphere
radius R.

Capacitance Derivations

Equations
q
ò
Gauss’ Law E × dA =
eo
ò
Electric Potential Difference DV = - E × dx
Q
Capacitance C =
V
Parallel Plate Capacitor

Gauss’s Laws gives the charge on one plate; Q = EAe o

DV = - ò E × dx gives the potential between the plates; V = Ed
Q EAe o Ae o
Capacitance C = = =
V Ed d
eo A
Answer: C =
d
 1
Cylindrical Capacitor HINT: ò r dr = ln r
2kl 2kQ Q
Gauss’s Laws gives the electric field between the cylindrical shells; E = = =
r Lr 2pe oLr
DV = - ò E × dx gives the potential between the plates;
router
Q Q
DV = - ò
rinner
2peoLr
× dr = -
2peoL
ln r evaluated at rinner and router; Note rinner is positive

Q r
DV = - ln outer
2pe oL rinner
Vouter = 0
Q r
Vinner = ln outer
2pe oL rinner
Q Q Q Q
Capacitance C = = = =
V DV Vinner Q r
ln outer
2pe oL rinner
2pe oL
Answer: C =
ær ö
lnçç outer ÷÷
è rinner ø

Spherical Capacitor

kQ Q
Gauss’s Laws gives the electric field between the cylindrical shells; E = =
r 2
4pe or 2
DV = - ò E × dx gives the potential between the plates;
router
Q Q
DV = - ò
rinner 4pe or 2
× dr =
4pe or
evaluated at rinner and router; Note rinner is positive

Q æ 1 1 ö Q æ 1 1 ö
DV = çç - ÷÷ The absolute value equals DV = çç - ÷÷
4pe o è router rinner ø 4pe o è rinner router ø
Vouter = 0
æ router - rinner ö
Q
Vinner = çç ÷÷
4pe o
r r
è outer inner ø
Q Q Q Q
Capacitance C = = = =
V DV Vinner Q æ router - rinner ö
çç ÷÷
4pe o è router rinner ø
router rinner
Answer: C = 4pe o
(router - rinner )
Isolated Sphere

Let router approach infinity

rinner
C = 4pe o
æ r ö
çç1 - inner ÷÷
è router ø

Answer: C = 4pe orinner

 AP-C Electricity & Magnetism
Capacitance
Dielectric
Dielectrics
8
+ t t tf

111 Leo ,
-
E -

Lee .

- -
- -

INSERT A DIELECTRIC
c- 8
-
+
'

pt.it/1E=E=EnE f f-
too

EL Eo
- - - -

E BETWEEN THE

WEAKENED BACK TO GAUSS

{
PLATES IS

E= =

¥⇐=I KAEO
JE .dA= 8¥
"
ALSO ← constant
genal 8 G
-
=

E -

Eff .
-
-

Eas .
Se .dA=8E÷
QI
+ JE - da =

e.
I
q g
-

8eI
K
KJE - da =

Eo

CONSTANT
k= KAPPA = DIELECTRIC
 + t t t o
Slab

t It It I
A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and X
plate separation d has a potential difference Vo
applied across the plates. The battery is then
d b
disconnected and a dielectric slab of thickness b . . .
*s
,
.

and dielectric strength k is placed between the d

plates. - - - -

A = 115 cm2
b = 0.780 cm
d = 1.24 cm
k = 2.61
Vo = 85.5 V
→
PART E
a. What is the capacitance Co before the dielectric slab is inserted?
.

b. What free charge appears on the plates?

c. What is the electric field Eo in the gaps between the plates and the dielectric slab?
d. What is the electric field E1 in the dielectric slab?
e. What is the potential difference V across the plates after the slab has been inserted?
f. What is the capacitance with the slab in place?

(0-0115)-0.85×107!
"

A .
Co =

AEI =

O .
0124
8.21 pf p
-
- to

b. CU ( 8.21 p F) ( 85.5
) = 702 p C
of = =

c .
V = Ed →
EE I o8Iy= =
6895 ME OR Nz
d . E =

Efa =

628%5=2641 Im or
F
" "
SIGN
J dry
DROP -

e DX =
. -
E -

DX =
+ To Eod rt Fdr t JIE, dr

DX E Cxtb ) EX t Eod Eo (Xt b )

Eo X
-
=
t
-

Eb Eo (d - b)
DX = t

DX =
12641) (0.0078 ) t 68956.0046 )
DX = 52 3. Y
.

f .
C =
Oyu =
70210452 # .
= 13.4 PF