1

C o v e r : N a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A t m o s p h e r i c Research
Boulder, Colorado
A r c h i t e c t : I. M . Pei
P h o t o g r a p h e r : © Ezra S t o l i e r (ESTO)

FEATURES 133 A N A R C H I T E C T U R E O F PLACE T H A T UNITES PAST A N D PRESENT

Four current projects by Ulrich Franzen reflect the architect's strong con-
viction that a building's environment should be the critical generator of
its architectural f o r m .

145 A B U I L D I N G DESIGNED FOR SCENIC EFFECT

I. M. Pel's National Center for Atmospheric Research, its setting a m o u n -
tainside high in the Rockies, is a direct response to its spectacular site and
to a highly philosophical program.

155 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR H I G H E R DENSITY A T H U M A N SCALE

An oceanside resort complex and a group of apartments and townhouses,
both in Florida, respond to two urgent contemporary problems; increasing
density and preservation of human scale.

161 SOME NEW DIRECTIONS I N FRENCH ARCHITECTURE

A report on the current architectural scene in France by a young architec-
tural graduate of Illinois Institute of Technology w h o has recently returned
from nearly two years of work and study there.

169 NURSING HOMES DESIGNED FOR M O R E T H A N C U S T O D I A L CARE

Some changes in the character of the patient care requirements in nursing
homes under the impact of Medicare are reflected in some new architec-
tural solutions.

BUILDING TYPES 177 S O M E CURRENT ANSWERS FOR U R B A N SCHOOLS

STUDY 376
178 THE O N E R O O M S C H O O L RETURNS AS D O M E FOR T E A M T E A C H I N G
The Paul Klapper School (P.S. 219), Flushing, Queens
Architects: Caudill Rowlett Scott

180 A BIG C O M P R E H E N S I V E H I G H S C H O O L USES A N E W " 3 0 0 " PLAN

Maine Township High School South, Park Ridge, Illinois
Architects: Caudill Rowlett Scott; McCaughey, Erickson, Kristmann &
Stillwaugh, Inc.—associate architects

182 P R I V A C Y A N D Q U I E T H I G H L I G H T K-4 S C H O O L FOR U R B A N R E N E W A L

The Timothy Dwight School, New Haven, Connecticut
Architects: Schilling & Goldbecker; Eliot Noyes & Associates—design con-
sultants

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD, October 1967, V o l . 142. No. -1. Published monlhly, except May, when semi-
monthly, by McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036. CORPORATE OFFICERS:
Donald C. McGraw, Chairman of the Board: Shellon Fisher, President; John J. Cooke, Vice President and Secre-
tary; John L. McCraw, Treasurer. SUBSCRIPTION RATE: for individuals in the field served S6.00 per year in U.S.,
U.S. possessions and Canada; single copies S2.00; further details on page 6. THIS ISSUE is published in national
and separate editions. Additional pages of separate edition numbered or allowed for as follows: Western Section
32-1, through 32-6. PUBLICATION OFFICE: 1500 Eckington Place, N.E., Washington. D.C. 20002. Second-class
postage paid at Washington, D.C. POSTMASTER: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, ARCHITEC-
TURAL RECORD, P.O. Box 430, Hightstown, N.J. 08520.

4 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October7967

 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD
CONTENTS: OCTOBER 1967

184 C O M M U N I T Y A C T I O N SETS CRITERIA FOR Z O N E D H I G H SCHOOL

The New Eastern Senior High School, Detroit, Michigan
Architects: Linn Smith, Demiene, Kasprzak, Adams, Inc.

186 A G Y M INITIATES MASTER PLAN T O E X P A N D A N O L D S C H O O L

Washington & Lee High School Gymnasium, Montrose, Virginia
Architects: Stevenson Flemer, Eason Cross, Harry Adreon,
Associated Architects

188 R E N O V A T I O N SCHEME A D A P T S O L D S C H O O L FOR FUTURE

Joseph H. Wade Junior High School (P.S. 117), Bronx, New York
Architects: Frederick G. Frost Jr. & Associates

190 S C H O O L S C A N BE I N T E R W O V E N I N T O FABRIC O F N E W T O W N S
Two schemes for educational facilities in new towns by Paul Kennon and
Robert Venturi

ARCHITECTURAL 193 NOISE C O N T R O L — M O R E ENGINEERING T H A N ART

ENGINEERING A broad look at new concepts of noise control and design techniques to
help architects and engineers anticipate noise problems and to "design
o u t " some of these problems in the early planning stages.

209 P R O D U C T REPORTS

210 OFFICE LITERATURE

315 READER SERVICE I N Q U I R Y C A R D

THE R E C O R D REPORTS 9 B E H I N D THE RECORD

"Architects And Drawings; W i l l There Be A Change?" By Emerson G o b k

10 PERSPECTIVES

35 THE R E C O R D REPORTS

40 BUILDINGS I N THE NEWS

46 LETTERS

81 ARCHITECTURAL BUSINESS
Building activity 83
Cost trends and analysis 87
Cost indexes and indicators 89
Practice/Office Management 93

104 CALENDAR A N D OFFICE NOTES

300 REQUIRED READING

312 ADVERTISING INDEX

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 5

A R C H I T E C T U R A L R E C O R D STAFF C O M I N G I N THE R E C O R D

THE C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E : A N E M E R G I N G B U I L D I N G TYPE
EDITOR
For the first time next m o n t h , the RECORD will devote an entire Building
EMERSON GOBLE, A . I . A .
Types Study on College Buildings to the " c o m m u n i t y college," that rapidly
EXECUTIVE EDITOR developing institution of higher education which provides two-year pro-
WALTER F. W A G N E R , JR. grams for (1) the high school graduate w h o intends to transfer to a four-
MANAGING EDITOR year college or university; (2) technical or vocational training; and (3) con-
lEANNE M . D A V E R N tinuing education. Unlike the old " j u n i o r college," the new community
SENIOR EDITORS
colleges are located " w h e r e the students are," and are more generally
ROBERT E. FISCHER
nonresidential. Some of the new problems, and a variety of master plan-
W I L L I A M B. F O X H A L L ning solutions, w i l l be presented in the Study.
lAMES S. H O R N B E C K , A . I . A .
M I L D R E D F. S C H M E R T Z , A . I . A .
ARCHITECTURAL OPPORTUNITIES I N 1968
HERBERT L. S M I T H , JR., A . I . A .
ELISABETH K E N D A L L T H O M P S O N , A. .A. The F. W . Dodge Construction O u t l o o k for 1968 will provide the annual
ASSISTANT EDITORS
forecast of activity in building as well as nonbuilding construction—a
SIDNEY A. A B B O T T
preview of next year's architectural business trends.
M A R Y E. A R E N D A S
l O H N SAMUEL MARGOLIES

EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS McGraw-Hill

l O A N F. B L A T T E R M A N
NANCY LOU MOORE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD (combined with AMERICAN ARCHITECT, ARCHITECTURE and WEST-
ANNETTE K. NETBURN ERN ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER), October 1967, Vol. 142, No. 4. Title ® reg. in U.S. Patent
Office © copyright 1967 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. A l l rights reserved including the right to reproduce
the contents of this publication either in whole or in part. Quotations on bulk reprints of articles
DESIGN
available on request. Indexed in Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, Art Index, Applied
ALEX H. S T I L L A N O , D i r e c t o r Science & Technology Index, Engineering Index, and the Architectural Index. Architectural Record
is a McGraw-Hill publication, published monthly, except May, when semi-monthly, by McGraw-
RUSSELL F. ETTER, A s s o c i a t e Hill Publications, a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 West 42nd Street, New York, New York
M A R Y LU A D E L M A N , Assistant 10036. James H. McGraw (1860-1948), Founder.
SIGMAN-WARD, Drafting
EXECUTIVE, EDITORIAL, CIRCULATION AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 330 West 42nd Street, New
JAN W H I T E , C o n s u l t a n t York, New York 10036. Western Editorial Office: 255 California Street, San Francisco, California
94111. PUBLICATION OFFICE: 1500 Eckington Place, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002; second-class
EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS postage paid at Washington, D.C.

E D W A R D LARRABCE BARNES, F.A.I.A. OFFICERS OF McGRAW-HILL PUBLICATIONS: Joseph H. Allen, president; Bayard E. Sawyer, execu-
WALTER G R O P I U S , F.A.I.A. tive vice president; Robert F. Marshall, senior vice president—operations; vice presidents: John R.
Callaham, editorial; John M. Holden, marketing; Paul F. Cowie, circulation; Angelo R. Venezian,
ROBERT F. H A S T I N G S , F.A.I.A
production; Jerome D. Luntz, planning and development; Robert M. W i l h e l m y , controller.
PAUL R U D O L P H , A . I . A .
CORPORATION OFFICERS: Donald C. McGraw. chairman of the board; Shelton Fisher, president;
L. Keith Goodrich, Robert E. Slaughter, executive vice presidents; Donald C. McGraw. Jr., senior
INDUSTRY CONSULTANTS
vice president; John J. Cooke, vice president and secretary; John L. McGraw, vice president and
GEORGE A. CHRISTIE, JR., E c o n o m i c s treasurer.
ERNEST M I C K E L , Washington Every effort w i l l be made to return material submitted for possible publication (if accompanied by
W I L L I A M H. E D G E R T O N , B u i l d i n g Costs stamped, addressed envelope), but the editors and the corporation w i l l not be responsible for loss
or damage.
KkGRAW-HILL WORLD NEWS SUBSCRIPTIONS: Available only by paid subscription. Publisher reserves the right to refuse non-
qualified subscriDtions. Subscriptions solicited only from architects and engineers. Position, firm
JOHN WILHELM, Director
connection, and type of firm must be indicated on subscription orders forwarded to Fulfillment
D O M E S T I C NEWS B U R E A U S — A t l a n t a , Manager, Architectural Record, P.O. Box 430, Hightstown, New Jersey 08520. Subscription prices:
Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, D e t r o i t , U.S., Possessions and Canada: S6.00 per year; other Western Hemisphere countries, to those who
Los A n g e l e s , P i t t s b u r g h , San Francisco, by title are architects and engineers. $15.00 per year. Single copy price, $2.00. Beyond Western
Hemisphere, to those who by title are architects and engineers, $15.00 per year for 12 monthly
Seattle, W a s h i n g t o n , D. C. issues not including Mid-May issue. Subscription from all others outside U.S., U.S. Possessions and
I N T E R N A T I O N A L NEWS B U R E A U — B o n n , Canada for 12 monthly issues, not including Mid-May issue. $24 per year.
Brussels, H o n g K o n g , L o n d o n , M e x i c o C i t y ,
SUBSCRIBERS: Address change of address notice, correspondence regarding subscription service or
M i l a n , M o s c o w , Paris, Rio d e J a n e i r o , T o k y o subscription orders to Fulfillment Manager, Architectural Record, P.O. Box 430, Hightstown. New
Jersey 08520. Change of address notices should be sent promptly; provide old as well as new ad-
PUBLISHER dress; include zip code or postal zone number if any. If possible, attach address label from recent
issue. Please allow one month for change of address to become effective.
EUGENE E. WEYENETH
UNCONDITIONAL GUARANTEE: The publisher, upon written request, agrees to refund the part of
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER the subscription price applying to the remaining unfilled portion of the subscription if service is
unsatisfactory.
BLAKE H U G H E S
OTHER McGRAW-HILL SERVICES TO THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Chicago
CIRCULATION MANAGER Construction News—College and University Business—Construction Methods and Equipment—Daily
Construction Reports (Los Angeles)—The Daily Journal (Denver)—Daily Pacific Builder (San Fran-
HENRY G. H A R D W I C K ciscoi—Dodge Construction Statistics—Dodge Mailing Service—Dodge Reports—Dow Building Cost
Calculator—Engineering News-Record—Home Planners' Digest—Hospital Purchasing File—House &
ADVERTISING SALES MANAGER Home—The Modern H o s p i t a l - M o d e r n Nursing Home Administrator—The Nation's Schools—Real
Estate Record & Builder's Guide—Sweet's Catalog Services—Sweet's Canadian Construction Cata-
JAMES E. B O D D O R F logue Services

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967


ARCHITECTS A N D DRAWINGS;
WILL THERE BE A CHANGE?
My architect friend's charge—next page,
two months ago—that "architects are
trained to draw, but not to t h i n k , " has
bothered me a little. You may remember
that I parried his thrust by saying that
architects were trained to draw in order
to encourage creative thinking. But there
are certain aspects of his thought that
lead to further speculation.
It is difficult to imagine an architect
w h o was not trained to draw. I am sure
my friend, himself an architect, had no
such thought. What he obviously meant
was that an architect tends to substitute
drawing for thinking. Or, to put it even
more sharply, he tends to start drawing
too early, before the thinking is properly
rounded out. Here is where the questions
begin: and the possibility of change.
How about the computer, for one
thing? W e all have heard about c o m -
puters w h i c h w i l l do actual drawing of
plans in t w o dimensions; will turn a t w o -
dimensional drawing about and show
you what the three-dimensional object
drawn w o u l d look like from the other
side; or will complete or refine a casual
sketch. Or a computer might show you
various alternatives, and cost them out
for you. Or it might extend a drawing of
some detail—like an egg-and-dart design
—endlessly.
It seems obvious that, while these
are present possibilities, they remain in
the future for most architects' offices.
But certainly one can expect that many
of the reasons for the continual sketch-
ing or mechanical drawing will be obvi-
ated by computer techniques, or graphic
developments of other kinds. It is difficult
to imagine a complete set of w o r k i n g
drawings made by a computer, or beau-
tiful renderings, or presentation draw-
ings, or what not. But mechanical de-
vices will d o — o r already have d o n e —
many of the preliminary visual tasks
while the scheme is in design.
It is d o u b t f u l , in any case, if any
mechanical gadget is ever going to dilute
an architect's downright love of a good
drawing. Whatever it be—perspective,
isometric, plan, section, anything—an
architect responds to a beautifully exe-
cuted drawing. And my friend found a
hazard here.
That fondness for drawings might
tend to block mental processes. How
many hours I have spent in architects'
offices, through many years, looking at
their wonderful drawings! An editor soon
learns that his visit is the occasion for
pulling out those handsome drawings.
A n d that there is a ritual about it. Not
that I regret i t ; that is what an editor
calls on an architect for, to see what he
is doing, so naturally he is soon looking
at drawings. What I mean is that con-
versation takes some odd twists, when
you must stop to admire drawing skill.
It is like the conversational break when
a grandmother pulls out the snapshots.
And the charge is that such breaks
disturb the serious thinking processes
about the design of a building. There is
always the temptation to start drawing
out some preliminary suggestion, which
then tends to take on too much sub-
stance just because it is there in the
drawings. W h e n it becomes necessary to
change something, the designer tends
BEHIND THE RECORD
to save what he can of his drawings. Yes,
we know all about that effort in an edi-
torial office. I mean about writing. You
get f o n d of anything you spend so much
time over. You find yourself becoming
c o m m i t t e d , just by the act of setting it
d o w n . Reminds me of the lady chatter-
box, w h o replied, when somebody asked
her if she ever stopped to think, " H o w
do I know what I think until I hear what
I have to say?"
Architects have a block—I have
complained about it before—on c o m -
munication. They feel that communica-
tion is done with drawings; whereas
what it amounts to is that you c o m m u n i -
cate by drawings with other architects,
but not with clients. For clients you draw
just to impress them, not to c o m m u n i -
cate w i t h them. Try the telephone. And
get things settled; then draw.
There is another fixation here: that
you get paid for drawing. It is the making
of drawings that takes time, and time is
what you are selling. All very simple.
True, you must draw when you get things
agreed upon, but clients don't pay for
drawings: they buy a building design.
What is different about it (neglect-
ing the computer)? W h y , it's the general
speed-up in all communications. Clients
have been wised up (or so they think) by
reading or seeing or viewing pictures of
everything around the globe. Your beau-
tiful drawings are likely to be just one
more example of today's graphic art, that
is, unless they represent a real solution, it
has been something more than 600 years
since Giotto qualified himself as an archi-
tect simply by drawing a perfect circle in
one grand swoop.
I hope architects will always do
beautiful drawings—our magazine loves
them—but it is a simple fact that their
power to impress the w o r l d is shrinking.
—Emerson Coble
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October7967 9
PERSPECTIVES
Please don't file me away;
at least while I'm alive
The gruesome thought suggested by that
headline has always been, in a way, a
guiding principle for my wife and myself
in any selection of living quarters. W e
haven't always been confirmed suburb-
anites, but from earliest days together we
have always agreed that " h o m e " had to
have something individual about it. A n d
for all we have been hearing lately about
megastructures and so on, one architect
still believes in our theory.
He is Paul Rudolph, being inter-
viewed by Art In America. He has this
unique concept of an apartment house:
" M o s t apartments are thought of in
terms of packages into w h i c h everything
is shoved. Indeed most buildings today
are thought of as packages. I don't think
of them that way. I think that traditional
housing has always shown the individual
living unit, and quite often the individual
room, very clearly. And this has broken
it d o w n in scale and made it quite
human. You are able to relate yourself
to, well, where you live. You don't live
in a box. So the intent [he is describing
his proposed Stafford Village, in Virginia]
is that one sees the individual living units,
which are put together in a multiplicity
of ways."
Some architects still remember the
w o r d "scale," and still relate it to the
word "human."
One-to-one-to-one windows
and Mies is the only one
Still quoting Paul Rudolph, in Art In
America, just for f u n :
10 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967
" W e used to think in this country
that the curtain wall, or the one-to-one-
to-one-to-one arrangement of w i n d o w s ,
which of course Mies van der Rohe has
done better than anyone else, w o u l d be-
come the vernacular of architecture, even
the anonymous architecture. In point
of fact, as far as I can see, only Mies has
ever been able to handle it—almost no
one else has. in a sense it becomes the
most demanding of all systems, and even
in Mies' hands, when you come to such
things as getting a garage door into the
Seagram Building, it looks as if the whole
building is having hiccups, because the
door size for the automobile entrance is
very different from anything else. So ac-
tually, curtain-wall architecture is really
the opposite of vernacular architecture."
It's all very confusing, in the vernac-
ular, that is.
Condominium sets new status
for living—or so it says
W e have a long release from a Los
Angeles builder w h o tells us in solemn
terms that "professional people, execu-
tives and business owners are moving
into condominiums and town houses in
greater n u m b e r s t h a n o t h e r i n c o m e
groups." Great, great news! It's like say-
ing that people w i t h more money spend
more money.
The release is an obvious attempt to
put c o n d o m i n u m living on a status plane.
It is billed as a j o i n t study by the National
Association of Home Builders and the
Urban Land Institute, and they do seem
to make a fact of the rising status of such
developments, especially those complete
w i t h recreational facilities, and care-tak-
ing services.
D r a w n iorthe R E C O R D by A / a n D u n n
"Of course I fed it t h e n g h t data-
Call IBM and hurry!"
One interesting point was that dis-
tance to work didn't seem to be much of
a factor. People go to the best c o n d o m i n -
ium just like they go to the best suburbs.
New York to study spaces,
but how about getting paid?
New York City is nicely snarled up over
some determined efforts by the city ad-
ministration to improve parks and other
outdoor spaces. The city is planning a
$55,000 study by Lawrence Halprin &
Associates, of San Francisco, for which
Mayor Lindsay announced the objec-
tives:
" W e have given new emphasis to
the quality of living in New York by
stressing the vital necessity for high-
quality design. The careful placement of
buildings, tree planting, lighting and
'street furniture' will create a more inti-
mate and beautiful environment. The
study will assist us in meeting these
goals."
The trouble is that the announce-
ment was somewhat diluted by the City's
controller's office, which refused to pay
for previous services of Halprin, Marcel
Breuer and Kenzo Tange. It seems two of
them are not registered architects in New
York. And that the silly fellows started
work before the contracts were properly
signed, and seem to expect to be paid
for this early work. Or, maybe the
Mayor's office just did not clear all the
red tape with the controller's office.
If you just happen to smell a bit of
politics around here somewhere, you are
so right. And I personally am afraid my
cynic's badge is again coming out of the
drawer. —f. C.

Insurance companies pledge $1 billion for capital investment in ghettos
Responding to a plea f r o m President Lyn-
don Johnson urging that the private sec-
tor of the economy involve itself in help-
ing to solve urban problems, the Institute
of Life Insurance, a trade association of
348 companies, announced last month
that it will make available through indi-
vidual companies, on a p r o rata basis re-
lating to assets, $1 billion for capital i n -
vestments to be used for "housing and
getting industry into the hard-core
ghetto areas of our country."
The funds will be used for capital i n -
vestments that the insurance companies
" w o u l d not otherwise be m a k i n g " in
housing, industrial enterprises and hard-
Architects receive grant to
study "humane" urban design
Architects Paul Rudolph, Ulrich Franzen
and I. M. Pei, as a result of a grant from
the Ford Foundation, will each undertake
" t o explore the esthetic and humane—as
distinguished from the primarily techni-
cal—dimensions of a major—and actual
— p r o b l e m in urban design."
The two-year studies by Mr. Franzen
and Mr. Rudolph, of t w o real areas in
New York City, will be assisted by a Ford
grant of $488,000 to the American Feder-
ation of Arts, Inc., w h i l e Mr. Pei's plans
for his project are now under discussion
with the Foundation. The purpose of the
grants will be for the architects " t o search
out new concepts of physical form that
are more livable and workable than those
produced by traditional practice."
Mr. Franzen's project w i l l be a study
of the entire length of Lenox Avenue in
Harlem, a 200-foot w i d e , 35-block-long
boulevard which serves as a commercial
and institutional focus for a large seg-
ment of the community. His purpose will
be to seek ways of making it a more vital
and integral part of the residential areas
that adjoin it.
Mr. Rudolph w i l l study the area
along and adjacent to Canal Street, in
Lower Manhattan, a proposed route for
a Lower Manhattan Expressway. He w i l l
explore h o w such a highway, properly
conceived, could complement and rein-
core ghetto areas. The new money w i l l be
in addition to the normal investment of
the insurance companies and, w i t h FHA
support, is intended for investment in
" h i g h risk areas."
The funds w i l l be dispensed at the
outset w i t h i n existing programs, largely
through FHA, w i t h emphasis on rent sup-
plement programs. The funds will be in-
vested on a decentralized basis, with
each insurance company working w i t h
each individual sponsor or project builder
under such terms as section 221 (d) (3)
and 221 (d) (4) of the housing act.
Just eight days after the insurance
company participation was announced at
force the quality of adjoining areas rather
than having a blighting influence as is
too often the case.
The bulk of the funds will go towards
preparation of large-scale models, ren-
derings, photographs and explanatory
materials, which will be presented as an
exhibition at the Whitney Museum of
American Art in New York City, which
w i l l later be circulated for four years
throughout the nation, and towards pub-
lication of the materials.
Potomac task force calls for
unified conservation effort
A multi-disciplinary task force headed by
Arthur Gould Odell, Jr., past president of
the American Institute of Architects, has
called for Congress to establish a Poto-
mac Development Foundation. The
Foundation, which w o u l d be funded by
Congress over a five-year period at $50
million per year, w o u l d be responsible
for restoration of the Potomac river basin
in Washington, D.C., as a national treas-
ure and as a model for the entire country.
The task force, assembled two years
ago by the A.I.A. at the request of Secre-
tary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall, urges
that the entire valley and its resources be
considered as a unified, living entity,
rather than a " r a n d o m grab-bag of dis-
tantly related values."
A method of design analysis, w h i c h
THE RECORD REPORTS
the White House on September 13, the
first eight projects under the program
were announced by Secretary Robert C.
Weaver of the Department of Housing
and Urban Development. The projects,
selected because they were ready to start
immediately, will include t w o in Cleve-
land, and one each in Pittsburgh; Pasco,
Washington; Albuquerque, New Mexico;
Jacksonville, Florida; Sumter, South Caro-
lina; and Lake City, Florida. The insurance
companies will buy the mortgages on
these rent supplement projects, investing
$7.7 million for 695 housing units. Re-
view process has also begun on 30-odd
other projects in 30 cities.
considers suitable approaches to devel-
opment of the river basin landscape, par-
cels the land into three distinct geologi-
cal settings beginning at the river's edge.
These settings are treated in depth to i l -
lustrate suitable visual characteristics,
fundamental erosion, pollution and w a -
ter conservation principles. The case is
also developed for lands that should not
be built upon.
RECORD HOUSES wins
citation from printing industry
RECORD HOUSES of 1967, the mid-May
issue of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD, has
been presented a Certificate of Award in
the Graphic Arts Awards Competition
sponsored by Printing Industries of Amer-
ica. The award, in the category of "maga-
zines and house organs," was accepted
by Herbert L. Smith Jr., editor-in-charge
of RECORD HOUSES, in ceremonies at
the P. I. A. convention in Washington,
D.C., on September 19. The award, for
"outstanding design, quality of produc-
tion and uniqueness of presentation" was
given to McGraw-Hill, Inc. and Judd &
Detweiler Inc., printers, for ARCHITEC-
TURAL RECORD, and cited the f o l l o w i n g
participants: Lanman Lithoplate C o m -
pany; jan W h i t e , designer; Alex H. Stil-
lano, art director; Joseph R. W u n k , pro-
duction manager; and James E. Boddorf,
advertising manager.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 35
THE RECORD REPORTS
Chicago's Auditorium Theater will reopen after restoration
The A u d i t o r i u m Theater in Chicago, de-
signed by Dankmar Adier and Louis
Sullivan and first opened in 1889, has
undergone a restoration costing nearly
$2 m i l l i o n , and will have a grand reopen-
ing on October 31 w i t h a performance of
" A Midsummer Night's D r e a m " by
George Balanchine's New York City Bal-
let. This will be the first musical produc-
tion performed in the A u d i t o r i u m since
1941. The structure was then turned into
a U.S.O. center, after which it fell into
disuse.
Architects in charge of the restora-
tion were Harry Weese and Associates
(assisted by Crombie Taylor, architectural
historian and George Izenour, theater
consultant), whose aim was to restore the
building "as closely as possible to the
RECORD senior editor will be
honored with C.C.A.I.A. award
Elisabeth Kendall Thompson, senior edi-
tor of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD, w h o is
based in San Francisco, w i l l receive this
year's Public Information Award of the
California Council, American Institute of
Architects. The award, established in 1965
to recognize outstanding performance in
the field of public information in the
areas relating to or in the interest of the
architectural profession in California, w i l l
be presented to Mrs. Thompson at the
C.C.A.I.A.'s 22nd annual convention to
be held from October 5-8 in San Diego.
In announcing the award, the Cali-
fornia Council reported that her " m a n y
years of perceptive reporting and analysis
of architecture and design and her valu-
able public service as a member of civic
and professional committees concerned
36 A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD O c t o b e r 7967
same condition it was on opening night,
December 4 , 1 8 8 9 . "
Restoration w o r k i n c l u d e d : much re-
plastering, including ornamental plaster;
new seats (cast from one of the original
seats) installed on the main f l o o r ; electri-
cal w i r i n g updated; new carbon filament
bulbs (as in original) t h r o u g h o u t ; new
carpeting in foyers w i t h reconstructed
Sullivan pattern; new red aisle carpeting;
new toilet facilities and lounges in base-
ment; remodelling of dressing rooms;
new ventilation in dressing rooms; new
electric coils for heating w i t h cooling
cycle to be installed in the near future;
and a new air supply and return system
tor the foyer area.
General contractor for the project
was Sumner M. Sollitt.
with improving man's environment led to
her selection."
The citation will read: " T o Elisabeth
Kendall Thompson, editor, author and
educator whose many years of k n o w l -
edgeable architectural journalism and
service to the profession have created
understanding, for both architect and
layman, of the heritage, goals and un-
limited future potential of architecture/'
Obituaries
Irving W . Hadseli, former president of
the F. W. Dodge Company, n o w a divi-
sion of M c G r a w - H i l l , Inc., died Septem-
ber 11 at age 74. After graduating from
Columbia University in 1914, Mr. Hadsell
joined F. W . Dodge as a copywriter for
Sweet's Catalog Services in Chicago in
1916 and later switched to sales. In 1929
he was named vice president in charge
of F. W . Dodge's Construction News &
Statistics Division, and was named vice
president of the company in 1953. Mr.
Hadsell was named president of F. W .
Dodge in 1959, and when the firm was
acquired by McGraw-Hill, Inc. in 1961,
he was elected to the Board of Directors
of the parent company. He retired in
May, 1963.
Dennis O'Harrow, executive direc-
tor of the American Society of Planning
Officials since 1954, died suddenly in
Berlin on August 29 at age 58. Mr. O'Har-
row was elected president of the Inter-
national Federation of Housing and Plan-
ning in 1966, the second American
elected to that office, and, at the time of
his death, he was presiding over the In-
ternational Congress of that organization.
Mr. O'Harrow received a Bachelor of
Science degree in civil engineering from
Purdue University in 1931. He came to
A.S.P.O. in 1948 as assistant director. He
was one o f t w o Americans ever to be
named an honorary member of the Town
Planning Institute of the United King-
d o m . In 1965, Mr. O'Harrow received the
American Institute of Planners' Distin-
guished Service Award for "outstanding
professional service to urban and re-
gional communities through outstanding
quality of practice of the art and science
of planning."
Henry Hodgman Saylor, first editor
of the journal of the American Institute
of Architects and editor of several other
professional architectural magazines in a
career that spanned over half a century,
died August 22 at age 87. Mr. Saylor, w h o
completed a special course in architec-
ture at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology in 1901, was associated with
the following publications: editor of The
Architectural Review, 1904-06; editor.
Country Life in America, 1906-09; editor,
American Architects, 1909; editor. House
and Garden, 1909-11; editor. Architec-
ture, 1926-36; associate editor, American
Architect and Architecture, 1936-37;
founder, editor and publisher. The Archi-
tect's W o r l d , 1938; associate editor. Ar-
chitectural Forum, 1938-41; and first edi-
tor of the A.I.A. j o u r n a l , 1944-56. Mr.
Saylor joined the American Institute of
Architects in 1926, was elevated to Fel-
lowship in 1952, and received the Kem-
per Award of the Institute for distin-
guished service by a member in 1954. Mr.
Saylor participated in the planning of the
present garden of the A.I.A.'s Octagon
headquarters and was always thereafter
its solicitous and creative curator. Fol-
lowing his retirement in 1956, he served
the Institute as historian, preparing sev-
eral reports on the history of the garden
and the Octagon restorations.
m o r e RECORD REPORTS on p a g e 293
BUILDINGS IN THE NEWS

Architects propose new housing concepts to improve the quality of life in the city
A G r a p h i c Arts C e n t e r p r o p o s e d f o r a s i t e o n
the Hudson River, N e w Y o r k City, designed
b y P a u l R u d o l p h , is i n t e n d e d t o u t i l i z e pre-
tabrication techniques t o c r e a t e as a multi-
functional, multi-use building complex. The
scheme, intended to provide high-quality in-
dustrial space for New York's legal and fi-
nancial printers and color lithographers,
w o u l d d e v o t e 12 l e v e l s t o : a t r u c k i n g - s e r v i c e
floor; parking for 2,100 cars; a plaza level
w i t h elementary school; recreational facilities;
five floors for use (starting at plaza level)
by the c o l o r lithographers terraced back over
t h e p l a z a ; a n d s e v e n f l o o r s f o r use b y legal
and financial printers. Total square footage
for these f u n c t i o n s w o u l d be 3,285,000.
This industrial complex is intended to
s e r v e as a " m a n - m a d e h i l l " t e r r a c e d f o r r e s i -
d e n t i a l a n d c o m m e r c i a l use a b o v e . T w o o f f i c e
towers, one 31 stories and the other 17
s t o r i e s , p r o v i d i n g 1 , 4 5 5 , 0 0 0 gross s q u a r e f e e t ,
would complete the concept.
The community would include 4,050
a p a r t m e n t units. This h o u s i n g w o u l d be m a d e
of light-weight prefabricated units, similar in
construction to those used in the mobile
home industry. These units would be sup-
ported by cables hung from large trusses
cantilevered f r o m vertical towers. These cores
are placed at right angles to each other,
thereby a l l o w i n g o n e to brace the next. T h e
a p a r t m e n t s w o u l d be arranged in an o v e r l a p -
p i n g m a n n e r , so t h a t t h e r o o f of the lower
units w o u l d f o r m a terrace for the units above.
The West Yard middle income apartment t h e t o w e r s w i l l have 25 stories a n d t h e o t h e r will be placed "at r a n d o m " w i t h tenants spe-
complex, N e w York City, designed by Philip two will have 38 stories. Apartment sizes c i f y i n g size a n d p l a c e m e n t . A l s o i n c l u d e d in
J o h n s o n w i t h S a m u e l Paul & S e y m o u r J a r m u l , will vary from one-room studios to three- the $ 6 0 - m i l l i o n c o m p l e x will be a five-level,
will consist of four apartment towers con- bedroom units and penthouses. Balconies, 830-car underground garage, e n c l o s e d two-
t a i n i n g 1,600 units plus penthouses. T w o of available to 80 per cent of the apartments, story s h o p p i n g mall and a t w o - a c r e park.

New housing with a m i n i m u m of r e l o c a t i o n has b e e n p r o p o s e d by

F r e d e r i c k G . F r o s t Jr. & A s s o c i a t e s , A r c h i t e c t s . In t h e Frost p r o p o s a l ,
30-story towers containing e l e v a t o r s , f i r e stairs a n d other facilities
w o u l d be c o n s t r u c t e d o n a b l o c k , w i t h o n l y t w o houses b e i n g initially
d e m o l i s h e d t o m a k e r o o m f o r t h e t o w e r s . O n c e a t o w e r is i n p l a c e ,
manufactured modules c o n t a i n i n g the d w e l l i n g units w o u l d b e sus-
pended from carrying members attached to it. T h e modules, with
all i n t e r i o r a n d exterior surfaces p r e f i n i s h e d , w o u l d b e e q u i p p e d for
lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, p l u m b i n g and communications
ready f o r c o n n e c t i o n to d i s t r i b u t i o n lines in t h e t o w e r s . As each unit
is i n s t a l l e d , f a m i l i e s i n a d j a c e n t d w e l l i n g s w o u l d move in, with the
o l d houses b e i n g razed for space for s u p p o r t facilities. Inventor of
t h e " S u s p e n d e d M o d u l e B u i l d i n g s " s y s t e m u s e d i n t h e p l a n is C h r i s t i a n
F r e y , a n d Lev Z e t l i n & A s s o c i a t e s is c o n s u l t i n g e n g i n e e r .

.IIP*
T i * "
III

N e w c o n c e p t s in m o b i l e h o m e s , d e s i g n e d b y D a l t o n - D a l t o n Associates,
A r c h i t e c t s , u n d e r c o m m i s s i o n t o t h e J o n e s & L a u g h l i n Steel C o r p o r a t i o n ,
a r e i n t e n d e d , say t h e a r c h i t e c t s , t o " s h o w t h a t t e c h n o l o g y a n d materials
u s e d in m o b i l e home manufacture can be a p p l i e d to the solution of
housing problems plaguing urban America." The t o w n house scheme,
b e l o w , stacks steel-framed units atop and alongside each other in a
p r e a s s e m b l e d s t a i r w a y s t r u c t u r e . T h e h i g h - r i s e s o l u t i o n at l e f t is a s t e e l
skeleton frame containing individual residence units w h i c h would be
h o i s t e d in place a n d p l u g g e d i n t o a p e r m a n e n t core. The designs were
f i r s t s h o w n at t h e M o b i l e H o m e s M a n u f a c t u r e r s A s s o c i a t i o n Suppliers's
S h o w h e l d last m o n t h i n C h i c a g o .
BUILDINGS I N THE NEWS

T h e master plan for Sands Point Fetsch Col-

lege, Sands Point, N e w York, designed by
Melvin Beacher, proposes construction in
three phases f o r a p r o j e c t e d enrollment of
1,200. T h e b u i l d i n g s , o f r e i n f o r c e d concrete
and concrete block construction, will be or-
ganized a r o u n d an elevated ceremonial plaza.
The first phase of construction will b e re-
habilitation o f t w o existing buildings o n t h e
site a n d a n e w c o - e d u c a t i o n a l d o r m i t o r y f o r
300 students. O t h e r b u i l d i n g s w i l l i n c l u d e a d -
ministration, faculty lounge, maintainance,
student union and dining, science, faculty
housing, boathouse, library a n d visual arts
c e n t e r , c l a s s r o o m , g y m n a s i u m , c h a p e l a n d six
dormitories.

T h e Federal Bureau of Investigation Building,

W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , d e s i g n e d b y C . F. M u r p h y
Associates—Stanislaw Gladych, designer in
c h a r g e — i s t h e first m a j o r g o v e r n m e n t build-
i n g set t o g o u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n along the
newly planned Pennsylvania Avenue (July, •
1 9 6 4 , p a g e 2 3 ) . T h e FBI B u i l d i n g w i l l b e o r -
ganized around a courtyard which will be liiiiliiiiigSiilmmvSSSmmSS
open t o t h e Avenue by a 78-foot wide aper-
ture. Construction of t h ebuilding, w h i c h will
c o n t a i n 2.3 m i l l i o n s q u a r e f e e t , w i l l b e o f r e i n -
f o r c e d p o u r e d - i n - p l a c e a n d precast c o n c r e t e .
It w i l l h a v e 1 1 f l o o r s a b o v e g r a d e a n d t h r e e
levels b e l o w , i n c l u d i n g a 700-car garage.

The Cafeteria Building for California State

C o l l e g e at H a y w a r d , d e s i g n e d by Campbell
& Wong & Associates, will be a two-story
s t r u c t u r e w i t h b a s e m e n t w h i c h w i l l s e r v e as
a temporary student union area. T h e m a i n
floor w i l l b e used f o r snack d i n i n g w i t h t h e
upper floor for full-course dining. Cooking
preparation facilities will b e in t h e basement
with dishwashing facilities located adjacent
t o d i n i n g areas. A l l c o l u m n s a n d 1 0 - f o o t - w i d e
c h a n n e l slabs w i l l b e p r e c a s t , p r e s t r e s s e d c o n -
crete. R e d w o o d slat g r i l l e t r e a t m e n t will be
u s e d i n t h e s p a c e s b e t w e e n t h e c h a n n e l slabs
and in the U-shaped columns, integrating
lighting a n d acoustical treatment.

An industrial a n d office building for the

Cicoil Corporation, Canoga Park, California,
designed b y D o r m a n / M u n s e l l i Associates, w i l l
include facilities f o r small electronic parts
assembly, r a w material processing, storage
and main offices. T h e b u i l d i n g will contain
24,000 square feet. C o n s t r u c t i o n will be of
precast concrete, with precast sunshields t o
give sun p r o t e c t i o n t o s e c o n d f l o o r e x e c u t i v e
offices. T h e b u i l d i n g provides f o r future ex-
pansion o f 60,000 square feet. Construction
is s c h e d u l e d t o b e g i n t h i s f a l l .

42 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

A rehabilitation center for Manhattan State
Hospital, Ward's Island, N e w York City, de-
signed by Caudill Rowlett Scott, will expand
p r o g r a m s n o w u n d e r w a y at t h e m e n t a l hos-
pital, preparing patients for their return to
normal living. The building, w i t h a capacity
o f 5 0 0 t o 1,000 patients, will be composed
of one-, t w o - and three-story elements devel-
o p e d d o w n a s l o p i n g site. T h e w h i t e c o n c r e t e
structure will be exposed in ail areas and
will be integrated w i t h mechanical and heat-
ing systems. O t h e r e x t e r i o r materials are d a r k
buff colored brick and black gasketed curtain
wall detailing. The $3-million project is b e -
ing erected under the Mental Hygiene Facili-
ties I m p r o v e m e n t Fund.

N u m b e r O n e C o r p o r a t e C e n t e r , t h e first in a
complex of office buildings at Moorestown
Corporate Center, Moorestown Township,
N e w J e r s e y , d e s i g n e d b y T o f a n i a n d Fox, w i l l
provide approximately 30,000 square feet of
office space. B u i l d i n g materials w i l l b e brick
a n d steel a n d w i n d o w s w i l l b e d e e p l y set t o
p r o v i d e sun c o n t r o l . D e v e l o p e r s of t h e proj-
ect are Gross a n d Kowit.

T h e L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s J a m e s M a d i s o n Me-
morial Building, W a s h i n g t o n , D.C., designed
for the Architect of the Capitol by Roscoe
DeWitt, Alfred Easton Poor, Albert Homer
Swanke, Jesse M. Shelton, and A. Pearson
A l m o n d , associate architects, w i l l be a $75-
m i l l i o n s t r u c t u r e w i t h six l e v e l s a b o v e grade
and three below. After disclosure of the d e -
sign, t h e M a d i s o n M e m o r i a l Library Commit-
tee of the American Institute of Architects
i s s u e d a r e p o r t c a l l i n g f o r a n e w set o f d e s i g n
requirements to be f o r m u l a t e d by Congress
as p a r t o f a n e w m a s t e r p l a n f o r C a p i t o l Hill,
and calling the b u i l d i n g "visually unsatisfying
and functionally inadequate."

T h e C l a s s r o o m , Laboratory & Office Building, U n i v e r s i t y o f M a s s a c h u - T h e Psychology, Laboratory, Classroom & Office Building, University
setts, A m h e r s t , d e s i g n e d b y C o l e t t i B r o t h e r s , w i l l h a v e a t w o - f l o o r c l a s s - o f M a s s a c h u s e t t s , a l s o d e s i g n e d b y C o l e t t i B r o t h e r s , is a s i x - l e v e l , $4-
r o o m section c o n n e c t e d to a lecture hall section, b o t h of poured-in- m i l l i o n p r o j e c t u s i n g t h e s a m e t y p e o f s t r u c t u r a l s y s t e m as t h e project
place concrete, t o p p e d by five floors of offices. The office floors will at l e f t . T h e u p p e r t h r e e f l o o r s c o n t a i n l a b o r a t o r i e s w i t h o f f i c e s o n the
h a v e n o c o l u m n s — p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e tees s u p p o r t e d o n t h e e x t e r i o r periphery. The lower floors contain classrooms, teaching laboratories
by precast, post-tensioned c o n c r e t e l o a d b e a r i n g panels f o r m the floor a n d c l i n i c . A c o u s t i c a l c o n s u l t a n t s are Bolt, Beranek a n d N e w m a n , w i t h
and roof system. doors, walls a n d floors to be acoustically treated.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 43

 lUILDINGS IN THE NEWS

A cultural and convention center for N o r f o l k ,

Virginia, designed by Williams and Tazewell
& Associates w i t h Pier L u i g i Nervi and An-
t o n i o N e r v i as a r c h i t e c t u r a l consultants, will
contain a coliseum seating up to 12,000, a
theater b u i l d i n g w i t h a m a i n hall seating up
to 2,500 and a rehearsal hall seating 400,
an underground exhibition space of 80,000
square feet, a n d an u n d e r g r o u n d garage for
6 0 0 cars. T h e coliseum will be covered by
a dome 440 feet in d i a m e t e r and 100 feet
high supported by 24 V-shaped concrete but-
tresses. C o n s t r u c t i o n o n t h e $ 1 8 - m i l l i o n c o m -
p l e x is s c h e d u l e d to start this fall.

T h e A n n e n b e r g S c h o o l C e n t e r for C o m m u n i -
cation Arts a n d S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, designed by Vincent
G. K l i n g a n d Associates, w i l l contain three
major theaters and their support facilities.
Included w i l l be a main theater seating 950,
with a proscenium variable in width from
30 t o 60 feet, w h i c h also c o n v e r t s to a t h r u s t
stage; a laboratory theater seating 220; and
a workshop theater seating 140. The four-
level b u i l d i n g , w h i c h will cost $4.1 million,
w i l l h a v e as b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s deep-colored
red brick, bronze-colored exposed roofing
surfaces, b r o n z e - c o l o r e d w i n d o w frames a n d
t r i m a n d s o l a r b r o n z e glass.

The Coliseum and Convention Center, New

Haven, designed by Kevin Roche John D i n k e -
loo and Associates, will have a four-story,
2,400-car garage structure located on the
roof, p r o v i d i n g the s p a n n i n g structure for an
arena. Below the garage w i l l be the arena
c o n t a i n i n g a 17,000-square-foot ice r i n k sur-
rounded by f o u r banks of seating for 9,000.
T h e a r e n a w i l l seat 1 0 , 2 0 0 f o r b a s k e t b a l l and
11,500 f o r c o n v e n t i o n s . Also c o n t a i n e d in the
structure w i l l be an e x h i b i t i o n hall of 38,000
s q u a r e feet, w i t h an a d d i t i o n a l 3 0 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e
feet of exhibit space available by converting
the arena. The $ 1 5 - m i l l i o n building, located
adjacent to the Knights of C o l u m b u s Interna-
t i o n a l H e a d q u a r t e r s d e s i g n e d b y t h e s a m e ar-
chitects (September, 1965, page 43), w i l l have
supportmg columns of reinforced concrete
c o v e r e d w i t h p l u m - c o l o r e d tile similar to that
used in the headquarters b u i l d i n g . T h e garage
w i l l be c o n s t r u c t e d o f a steel w h i c h w i l l oxi-
d i z e naturally to a dark c i n n a m o n brown.
LETTERS
A.I.A. headquarters: pros and cons
Regarding your comments on the new
design for the headquarters building of
the A.I.A. in Washington, I congratulate
you on being bold enough to say publicly
what many of us have thought privately.
I liked especially your analogy of the
" l i t t l e old lady." just what the A.I.A. can
do now is anyone's guess, but if they do
decide to start all over again w i t h an-
other c o m p e t i t i o n , you have my vote as
a member of the jury.
Henry Hardinge Menzies,
Boston
It is a mockery to the profession and an
insult to its leaders that the W i s h i n g t o n
Fine Arts Commission disapproved the
design for the A.I.A. headquarters that
was selected through competition by the
.A.I.A. board of directors.
How can an agency or commission
disapprove a product of a profession that
was selected by the very governing body
of that profession. By definition the A.I.A.
headquarters in Washington represents
the supreme decisions in the profession
of architecture, the mother art. It is rec-
ommended that any architects on the
Washington Fine Arts Commission w h o
voted against this design be suspended
from the Institute.
W a / / a c e D. jeong,
Los Angeles,
Your voice, added to the Fine Arts C o m -
mission of Washington, slowly, but ever
so surely portends the d o o m of fine archi-
tecture for Washington. The stylized Ap-
pian Way which was synthesised so beau-
tifully in Washington is sad commentary
on the state of American architecture.
The neo-classic, the imitation classic and
federal styles designed by architects and
non-architects have too long prevailed
on the Washington scene.
Truly, we have not done much to
preserve our heritage, limited though it
may be. However, a building such as the
Octagon, which has represented the
Gentlemen's Club architectural approach
for all too many years, must be replaced
w i t h the Mitchell and Giurgola building.
The M & G building may not be c o m -
patible w i t h the garbage so prevalent on
Washington's landscape, but it is a fine
building nevertheless and the architec-
46 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October
tural publications and the A.I.A. must
make a stand—a stand much overdue.
The day-to-day practice of architec-
ture and the efforts to convince clients
that we cannot rely on applied archae-
ology is difficult enough. However, when
the architects design a building for them-
selves and it comes under the scrutiny of
a body of people w h o can then qualify
the architects, the profession is seriously
damaged. I have never heard of a sur-
geon being criticized for his method of
A.I.A. stitching if the patient lived, nor an at-
torney criticized for his methods in court
if his client was acquitted.
Therefore, as a body, w e must stand
and let the public know that we are one
as a unified group. Please stay w i t h your
comments w h i c h have been extremely
well conceived over the past years and
do not indulge in criticism again.
£. Ahrahen, A.I.A.
Fort Lauderdale,
When you finally get round to saying it,
you say it right. What you say about the
A.I.A. Mitchell-Giurgola project needed
saying exactly as you have done.
Roger Montgomery,
Urban Renewal Design
School of Architecture
Washington University
St. Louis
A.I.A.
California
M y congratulations on your "Behind the
Record" editorial criticism concerning
the A.I.A. office building. Your c o m -
ments were well conceived, to the point,
and well deserved by the architectural
profession. Perhaps your fortitude w i l l
encourage others to take a more critical
look at the aesthetic and planning (or
lack of it) attributes of this solution for
our national headquarters. Maybe some
will even " s e e " the monster in the back
garden!
Edward L. Verkler, A.I.A.
Associate Professor of Architecture
Texas Technological College
Lubbock
From mole hills: mountains
Your editorial and your statement in
"Perspectives" in the May issue is to be
commended. Anyone whose sole k n o w l -
edge of architectural practice was derived
from reading the professional publica-
tions w o u l d assume that only Taj Mahals
1967
and Lever office buildings are designed
by architects. Unfortunately, this is the
literature read by the architectural stu-
dent, and this is the impression given byi
the architectural schools, so that the
student enters an office w i t h grandiose
ideas and is ill-equipped psychologically
and technically for the w o r k he w i l l have
to do.
The tendency of architects t o scoff
at the small project is detrimental to the
profession. From the point of view of
public relations, it is catastrophic. O n the
one hand our professional organizations
pressure the state legislature to restrict
the practice to licensed individuals. Onj
the other, we refuse small jobs, frustrat-
ing the small home owner. Many read
the publicity statements we put out and
have their appetites whetted for an archi
tect's assistance. I have received many|
calls stating, " I have called four archi-
Florida tects, and they said this job is too small
for t h e m ; do you handle small alterations
like this?"
Alteration w o r k is a tremendous field
and the national manufacturers are just
becoming aware of the potential. The
Director
number of private dwellings being in-
Center
creased in size or modernized is stupen-
dous. The contractors are learning h o w
helpful an architect's services can be and
the home owner, too, is becoming more
conscious of our professional ability.
Their contacts, in turn, lead to many
larger projects. This is also true of small
house w o r k as well as smaller industrial
and commercial structures. The profes-
sion has an opportunity to alleviate the
blight on our landscape created by build-
er-originated monstrosities and should
not hesitate to accept its responsibility.
L e o n Rosenthal, AIA
Babylon. N.Y.
One more consideration
O n pages 87 and 88 of y o u r July issue
is an article by Lawrence C. jaquith,
economist, concerning imported b u i l d -
ing materials. His first paragraph gives an
estimate of a half-billion dollars w o r t h
of imports going into construction of
domestic projects in 1966.
Although Mr. jaquith points out,
the effect which foreign steel products.
m o r e letters on page 50\
LETTERS
continued from page 46
ceramic tile, lumber and glass have had
on American industries, he then makes
this statement at the b o t t o m of page 87:
" C o m p e t i t i o n in building materials from
imports has a most obvious benefit to
the architect and his client—lower
costs." He goes on to say that domestic
producers may regain their competitive
position by " m o r e intensive research"
and " n e w productive methods."
This sounds plausible on the sur-
face, but analysis reveals other factors
which were not mentioned as affecting
the price of building materials manufac-
tured here vs. abroad. For example, labor
costs in the U.S. are upwards of 40 per
cent of the selling price for flat glass
products. Labor and management costs
for a domestic flat glass manufacturer are
over 50 per cent of selling prices. Any
economist should not ignore this simple
fact: when labor and management costs
abroad are from one-seventh to one-
third of those in America, total operating
costs for a foreign firm are approximately
58 per cent to 67 per cent of a U.S.
manufacturer. Economists frequently are
very facile in avoiding the powder keg
issue of the higher wages which U.S.
manufacturers have to pay in their fac-
tories than do their foreign competitors.
new narrow-beam
floodlight
delivers biggest return
onligltting investment
Cost comparisons with three of the
industry's most popular high-intensity
f l o o d l i g h t t y p e s p r o v e GE's new
Powr»Spot luminaires, equipped with
1000-watt Multi-Vapor'" lamps, deliver
the greatest return per lighting dollar.
Regardless of annual usage—200 to
4000 hours.
Unique reflector design produces
There is little likelihood they w i l l ever be
on a d o w n escalator any more than taxes.
While it behooves an architect to in-
vest his clients' money wisely by specify-
ing quality products at a favorable price,
architects and their clients are still de-
pendent on American purchasing power
for their o w n future livelihood. Libbey-
Owens-Ford's t w o w i n d o w glass plants
in Charleston, W . Va. and Shreveport, La.
have operated at 47 per cent of capacity
during the first six months of this year.
We have 1,196 fewer hourly workers in
these t w o factories than in 1956. Nine
hundred of them live in Charleston
which is in Appalachia where the past
t w o administrations have spent vast sums
and wept buckets of tears over the plight
of the people. Getting d o w n to basics
and not theory, these 900 workers w o u l d
have received over $7 m i l l i o n annually,
based on the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
statistics showing that for each 100 i n -
dustrial jobs a c o m m u n i t y gains $803,000
more local income per year.
If architects continue to be a party
to the wholesale exporting of jobs to
foreign plants, there eventually will be
no need for them to design new factories,
office buildings, schools, churches, and
other buildings, as the greatest country
m i n i m u m overlap from remote mount-
ings; now fewer Powr»Spot units do the
job it once took many more conven-
tional fixtures to do.
One of t h e b i g f a c t o r s in t h e
Powr^Spot economy story is GE's exclu-
sive charcoal-filtered optical assem-
bly that prevents efficiency-reducing
dirt build-up on reflector, lamp, and
inside door glass.
And Powr»Spot floodlights let you
use the modern light source best-
For more data, circle 28 on inquiry card
on earth and in history may become a
vast Appalachia. They have the allegiance
of our representatives w h o worked in the
dark of the Geneva moon on the favor-
able-to-foreigners further tariff reduc-
tions.
Franklyn R. Hawkins
Advertising Manager
Libbey-Owens-Ford Class Company
Toledo, Ohio.
The decision of whether to support for-
eign industry at the expense of our own
industry is one that must be made by
each architect and his client depending
on all the quality and cost considerations
that you suggest. I agree that ''new pro-
ductive methods" are an over-simplifica-
tion of the possible solutions. We, as
editors, do not underestimate the serious-
ness of the problem facing you and other
manufacturers, but we do feel we must
give our readers all the information pos-
sible with which to make their decisions.'
—WW
Air conditioning and architecture
1 have just finished re-reading the t w o
parts of your excellent survey on air-con-
ditioning, and I want to congratulate you
on this really superior presentation. The
text is clearly written and technically cor-
I
suited to your application: 1000-\rt
Multi-Vapor, 1000-watt Mercury-Vaf
or 400-watt Lucalox"".
See your GE Sales Engineer or fr
chised distributor for complete cost
light comparison and other details,
write for Bulletin GEA-8554. Outd
Lighting Department, Hendersonvi
North Carolina 28739. neoi
GENERAL # ELECTRIC
LETTERS
rect, and the illustrations are excellent.
All in all, it is a first-rate j o b , and every
architect could profit by a careful study
of this material.
I lecture in the College of Architec-
ture at Arizona State University, giving
the course which is called Mechanical
and Electrical Systems. Most of our first
semester is taken up w i t h air c o n d i t i o n -
ing, and I w o u l d like very much to be
able to use your articles as supplemen-
tary text material. They are far better than
the textbook that we are currently using.
My students are fourth-year architects,
and a good proportion of them w o r k
part-time in the architectural offices here
in the Phoenix area. I make a practice of
giving copies of ARCHITECTURAL
RECORD as prizes to my students when
they do exceptionally w e l l on quizzes,
term projects, and examinations. The
man w h o gets the highest score receives
the current issue—but I d o not want to
give away the July and August editions,
because this material is t o o important.
Johr) I. Yellon, President
John Yellon Engineering
Phoenix
Money: a point missed
I w o u l d say that the only point missed in
an otherwise excellent article on M o n t -
— m
railroad yards
gomery Village (july, pages 134-141) was
the complications involved for the devel-
oper and his team in w o r k i n g under this
t o w n sector ordinance. These are not
only technical but monetary. It is obvious
that a great deal of front money for both
design and development is necessary to
achieve the desired goals under this pro-
cedure; more than under the normal de-
velopment pattern.
You may want to go into this point,
and 1 think it is an important issue, as
many developers have had serious t r o u -
ble getting into projects and not realizing
the depth of the water.
In the july, 1965 zoning application
document, this cost is partially spelled
out. The investment in planning is not
covered in the report, but on page nine
of the Dewberry portion of the report, it
indicates that 18 months went into
preparation of the documents and ex-
hibits. Naturally a substantial amount of
time and money has been spent since
then and only now is it evident that con-
Associates struction is underway.
George f. Koslritsky
Rogers, Tailiaferro, Kastritsky,
Baltimore, Maryland
So much praise and so little space
Like other Canadian architects, I was
^sport^fi^ds . . .
4
1
and arch itectural lighting.
pleased by RECORD'S generous coverage
of Expo '67 in the July issue and particu-
larly flattered by the inclusion of the Ride
Center and its buildings, representing the
La Ronde Amusement Area.
Perhaps it could have been noted
that La Ronde is much more than the
Ride Center including such attractive
projects as Fort Edmonton, an old west
village; Children's W o r l d ; the Carrefour,
an international shopping bazaar; the
Garden of Stars theater; Le Village, a
beautifully scaled version of o l d Q u e -
bec; and more. It has been compared
w i t h Tivoli in Copenhagen, but it has an
up-to-date bezaz all of its o w n . All of this
w o r k was planned and designed by pri-
vate architectural firms, landscape archi-
tects, site planners and industrial design-
ers w i t h co-ordination by the chief
architect's staff. It is unfortunate that in
general reportage or even in the official
Expo guide, little or no credit has been
given for the w o r k at La Ronde.
Like a number of popular magazines,
RECORD photographed the Ride Center
and its gateway as typifying the " f u n " of
Lamb La Ronde. You w i l l therefore excuse my
small display of chargin when I observed
in relation to this photograph, the sole
attribution to Mr. Sean Kenny and his
more /e«ers on page 58
 LETTERS

AIA members, continued from page 57

associates, the designers of the Gyrotron.
please check. The Ride Center was planned and de-
signed by this office as were the building
Your complete new file of block structures that house games and
designed-for-distinction business food concessions.
furniture is ready. Shall we O u r w o r k formed part of a col-
mail it all? Or just the items laboration by Norman Slater, architect
you've checked? and industrial designer, Francois Dalle-
gret, designer inventor of weird automo-
Lounge and Reception
Furniture
biles and electronic sculpture and Len
Styles f o r e v e r y b u s i n e s s Levitan, industrial designer.
a n d b u d g e t . Every color a n d The task was considerable and i n -
decorating scheme.
volved researching the nature of fun in
design terms, in a limited time.
Dormitory Joseph Baker Architect
Furniture Montreal, Quebec
Multiversity modular
designs for schools and
The credits given for the pictures in our
universities.
July issue were the only ones we could
find in the massive Expo Information
Moderate Priced Manual. We are sorry if the pictures were
Office Designs
not credited properly.
6 0 0 0 Series m o d u l a r
desks and credenzas, Please realize, however, that it would
tables, chairs, book- be impossible for us, in the space we
cases a n d files. have, to list every architect, planner and
designer involved in La Ronde.

Top-of-the-Line
Chairs
350 Series. Designs
for t h e e x e c u t i v e
suite.

Full Range of Office

Chairs
Contemporary seating
in all p r i c e c a t e g o r i e s .
Including t h e versatile
Park A v e n u e Series. A healthy perspective
Styling to blend with Some months ago, a friend of mine
a variety of decors
cleaned out the attic of an old house and
and desks.
came across a pile of RECORDS, dating
from 1923 into the early T930's. I have
Croydon Wood enjoyed leafing through them and am
Furniture Masterpieces
beginning to feel that my attitudes to- « 5 ti, c -u
T h e b e a u t y of f i n e w o o d s
in I t a l i a n p r o v i n c i a l , wards architecture are developing a " l ? , i s § l <D o
"D
transitional and healthy perspective through these o l d < O O —
contem porary designs. magazines. Particularly interesting are T E ™
= ^ 5
the articles concerning " m o d e r n design." i £ 2 -2 ^ -5
I noticed one illustration from the O c t o - •c^ o •
ber 1930 issue (above left) of a handsome O 3 X) o o C

oyalmetai Corporation —and imaginative—design of an office

§. 5 < • = I o 5
rchitectural D e p a r t m e n t building by Mies and was reminded of an 5 >2 .y S o 0
ne Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 1 0 0 1 6
apartment tower in Chicago (right) n o w U E > O

ease mail immediately:

under construction which is shown in a ^ TJ • "
(A O 2 ^
current issue of one of the concrete i n -
Complete file • Items checked dustry magazines. What is the saying
S2s
w Q.
o ^
about a prophet not being honored in ir • o •a o o
I
o 5 t: o T ° „ < >--o
his time?
Fielding L. Bowman, A.I.A.
New Canaan, Connecticut I l l
i s Ki5S£ So
P.S. RECORD is doing a fine j o b ; each
issue is interesting and informative.
Zip

For m o r e data, circle 34 on inquiry card For more data, circle 34 on inquiry card]

58 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967


Congress reviews low-income housing plans
Congress is n o w examining the details of
plans to help lower-income families buy
their own homes.
Democratic Senator John Sparkman
of Alabama and his housing subcom-
mittee were taking a look at the so-called
'Sparkman House" plan last m o n t h . Re-
publican Senator Charles Percy of Illinois
and his staff have been fighting for his
" H o m e Ownership Foundation" idea.
Other senators have joined the drive to
create something which ghetto area resi-
dents can use to buy their o w n homes.
The powerful combination of the
new ideas plus the summer riots has
added urgency to congressional debate,
although a final new program isn't ex-
pected to go to President Johnson for
iignature until almost Christmastime.
Three plans focus
on interest subsidies
All of the ideas f o l l o w along one theme:
partially subsidize the interest costs of
a mortgage to bring the monthly pay-
ments d o w n w i t h i n reach of lower-
income families.
• Senator Sparkman's plan w o u l d
rely on private mortgage lending institu-
tions to issue and hold these partially
s u b s i d i z e d m o r t g a g e s . The subsidy
w o u l d go directly to the mortgage
banker; if enacted, this w o u l d be the
first time Congress went along with a
"banker's subsidy" rewarding him for
making the loan to a lower-income
family.
• Senator Percy's plan is somewhat
similar, although he prefers to avoid the
existing bureaucracy by creating a new
" H o m e Ownership Foundation." This
foundation, quasi-private, w o u l d issue
g o v e r n m e n t - b a c k e d b o n d s to raise
money. It w o u l d then go through local
f o r m o r e data, circle 53 on inquiry card
ARCHITECTURAL BUSINESS
news and analysis of building a c t i v i t y . . . costs . . . practice techniques
" h o m e ownership" groups to finance
mortgages for lower-income families.
• Another plan, after which the
"Sparkman House" concept was pat-
terned, w o u l d accomplish basically the
same results—but the Federal National
Mortgage Association w o u l d issue and
hold mortgages instead of private firms
doing the job. This is what happens,
incidentally, to the 3 per cent mortgages
insured by FHA under the moderate-
income 221 D-3 program.
Johnson's quandary:
to spend or not to spend
Whatever results, and at press time the
eventual outcome of all the congres-
sional interest was by no means certain,
President Johnson has found himself in
an intriguing political quandary. There
are existing housing programs that can
do similar jobs; and the new program
w o u l d cost more money at a time when
he's trying to persuade Congress to raise
taxes by holding back on his budget.
This is why the President has publicly
disavowed stories that his administration
favors the "Sparkman House." Yet he
can't oppose a new plan that w o u l d let
ghetto residents buy their o w n homes.
True, his housing lieutenants helped
the Alabama senator with the technical
points, but the W h i t e House and Senator
Sparkman insist this doesn't imply ad-
ministration backing.
A R C H I T E C T U R A L BUSINESS T H I S
Building activity
Practice/Office Management
Subsidies ride on larger bill
revising "701" planning aid
The l o w e r - i n c o m e h o m e o w n e r s h i p
plan, whichever one results, is only the
tip of a huge omnibus housing bill being
considered by Senator Sparkman's hous-
ing subcommittee last month. Many
other changes—in all of the various hous-
ing laws under consideration—will be i n -
cluded in this one big bill.
Perhaps the most significant one,
over the long run, involves the basic 701
Planning Assistance Program. The 701
idea, helping local planning bodies do
their w o r k by providing partial Federal
aid, has been around since 1954, when
it was first conceived.
Over the years, various changes have
been made piecemeal; this year. Con-
gress has revamped the entire program to
recodify the law and add some new ideas.
Congress appears w i l l i n g to go along
with enlarging the 701 grant plan to
i n c l u d e rural m u l t i - c o u n t y p l a n n i n g
groups. Planning bodies representing
"regions" and "districts"—both rural
and u r b a n — w o u l d become eligible for
aid. State planning agencies could pro-
vide added assistance to interstate and
intrastate planning groups including dis-
tricts and regions.
The over-all authorization w o u l d be
increased by $20 m i l l i o n , earmarked for
the new " d i s t r i c t " planning bodies. Fur-
ther, an extra $10 million w o u l d be au-
thorized for special pilot efforts to do
MONTH
comprehensive public facility planning
on a regional or metropolitan basis.
83
While there's no specific change in
87
the legislative language contemplated,
89 the subcommittee was expected to make
93 clear that private planning firms can par-
ticipate in the 701 program.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October7967 81
A.I.A. paper proposes mode of working with Defense
The A.I.A.'s government liaison commit-
tee has published a " w o r k i n g relation-
ship" statement, although A.I.A. hasn't
endorsed the document.
The paper attempts to spell out just
what architects should expect from De-
fense Department construction agencies
which contract for design services, and
what the contracting officers should ex-
pect from architects.
While filled with " f u d g e " words
such as "adequate" or "insofar as prac-
HEW group urges deeper studies to guide federal aid
The effects of the environment on the
nation's health should become the focus
of a massive research effort, says a t o p -
level panel of experts.
HEW Secretary John Gardner asked
a special task force on environmental
health to draw up the blueprints for
new programs, and the group picked
out environmental design as one area of
need. Says group chairman Ron Linton,
former staff director for the Senate
Public Works Committee:
"The task force recommends that,
by 1973, the [HEW] Department de-
velop, through research, basic data
sufficient to establish human levels of
tolerance for c r o w d i n g , congestion,
noise, odor, and specific human endur-
ance data for general stress and acci-
dent threats, including traffic, home and
recreation accidents."
Washington briefs
The Senate has gone along w i t h President
johnson's request for $40 million to keep
the rent supplement housing scheme
m o v i n g ; now the House, which denied
all new funds, and Senate must w o r k out
differences.
President |ohnson has ordered a new
study of h o w to make use of surplus fed-
eral property as potential sites for more
lower-income housing.
FHA and the Small Business Administra-
tion have worked out a deal so that
ghetto area businesses can be located
more easily in 221 D-3 housing projects,
thereby serving the moderate-income
families while providing added income
to the non-profit housing owner to pass
along to tenants in the form of reduced
rents.
82 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967
ticable," the document is more than just
some bland generalizations or principles.
For instance, according to A.I.A.'s
committee, an A/E firm should produce
redesigns at his o w n cost if bids "exceed
the budget established by the contract-
ing officer and agreed to by the archi-
tect." There is a proviso, however, that
"conditions beyond the reasonable con-
trol of the architect" must be assessed
before he has to live up to that c o m -
mitment.
The group felt the administrative
machinery by w h i c h federal aid funnels
through state and local governments
should be overhauled. A broader, all-
encompassing attitude should replace
the " r i f l e " approach of grant programs
aimed at specific ills.
But the task force took on much
more than the usual health problems;
federal, state and local governments
should draw up "criteria and standards
for physical and mental health, for hous-
ing, urban development, and transporta-
t i o n " to be used as requirements for
federal aid.
The group based much of its ap-
proach on the findings of Dr. Leonard
Duhl, psychiatrist for the Department of
Housing & Urban Development; he
argues that " i f we are to create a better
environment, we need a better c o m -
The "turnkey" method of constructing
public housing got a boost from the
W h i t e House recently; President John-
son ordered more such projects and
asked further that private property man-
agement firms be contacted to provide
services on contract to local public hous-
ing authorities. The National Association
of Housing and Redevelopment officals
promptly said more money and better
administration of existing policies from
Washington is needed more than an-
other new idea from the W h i t e House.
Progress toward United States-British re-
ciprocal practice is being made by
NCARB and ARCUK, Britain's Architec-
tural Registration Council. Both councils
have n o w formally approved the pro -
posal w h i c h w o u l d permit British regis-
tered architects and American architects
holding the certificate of NCARB to en-
gage in reciprocal practice once they
have met any local requirements for ex-
Several engineering societies have
come close to endorsing the document,
although doubt remains about some of
the wording. So far, however, none of
the design professional groups have
formally endorsed the statement.
A n d , on the flyleaf of its statement,
the committee has acknowledged thai
the document is " o n l y a bench mark
and that further negotiations between
the A/E community and the military serv-
ices will be undertaken."
bination of urban housing, schools, and
parks. W e need a better combination of
administrative expertise. We must begin
writing combined, or multi-performance,
construction specifications, so that w o r k
can be done better at lower costs."
Dr. Duhl contends it is cheaper and|
more efficient to consider the sociologi
cal and psychological factors of environ-
ment before new, low-cost housing is
designed than after it is constructed. If
these factors are neglected, he says, " i t
is likely the new housing project wil
find itself seriously lacking."
The c o m m o n practice of shelvingl
task force reports isn't anticipated for
this group's effort; while not publicly
stated, most HEW policy planners view
the Linton Report as the seedbed for
new legislative programs in the comini
year or so.
aminations and practical experience.)
The British council is n o w setting up a|
working party to work out details.
G A O reviewed contract costs at twol
NASA space flight centers (Coddard and!
Marshall) to compare costs of the use|
of private A/E firms to the use of civil
service employees in A/E design. Thel
review showed that due to elimination
of many contractor supervisory and ad-
ministrative personnel, an estimated an-
nual saving of as much as $5.3 millionl
could be achieved at the two centers i i
these services were performed by civil
service employees.
The VA is holding A/E firms to the 6 pei
cent fee limitation for all services (in-|
eluding travel), despite the fact that thel
General Accounting Office w i l l not en,
force the ruling pending congressional
action. VA is the only agency to c o m p I \ l
with the 6 per cent limitation ruling. '
 BUILDING ACTIVITY
COMMENT AND CONTRACT TABULATION
G e o r g e A. Christie, Chief Economist
W. D o d g e Company,
A Division of McCraw-Hill

Aftermath of the credit squeeze

Last year's credit shortage was still hav-
Per cent c h a n g e in D o d g e c o n s t r u c t i o n
ing a depressing effect on building ac- contract v a l u e , first six m o n t h s , 1967 vs.
tivity during the early months of 1967. first six m o n t h s , 1966
As a result, total building contract value Nonres. Res.
n the opening half of 1967 lagged 6 per BIdg. BIdg.
cent behind the year-earlier amount (see N e w England -19% -19%
M i d Atlantic + 5 -24
table below).
Southeast - 4 - 6
Residential building bore the brunt O h i o Valley + 9 -12
|of the credit squeeze, of course. Losses N o r t h Central - 6 - 7
in all regions forced national housing South Central + 4 -11
Southwest +26 -10
contract values d o w n 13 per cent. N o n -
West + 1 -15
residential building values were held to T o t a l U.S. + 1 -13
1 per cent gain. F. W. Dodge
Geographically, however, the i m -
pact of the scarcity of credit varied con-
derably. Only one area of the country,
the Southwest, registered an increase in
total building. Tight money conditions building contract values in the South-
howed no visible effect on nonresiden- east and North Central regions fell 5 and
tial contract values as they rose 26 per 6 per cent respectively.
cent. This increase more than balanced No such balance occurred in the
off a 10 per cent decline in the residen- West, however. While nonresidential
tial category, boosting total building values fell 2 per cent from the year-ago
values 6 per cent. six-month level, residential contracts
Four regions sustained losses in dropped 15 per cent. Though a lack of
both building categories. In three of available funds undoubtedly contributed
these areas, a decline in nonresidential to this decline, the tail-end of a lengthy
values closely matched the decline in housing market depression in the West
residential values. was also a significant factor.
The New England states suffered the The biggest decline in residential
greatest setback during the first half of contracts during the period occurred in
1967 as residential and nonresidential the Mid-Atlantic states where weak-
values both tumbled 19 per cent. Total nesses in all parts of this building cate-
gory dropped values 24 per cent. How-
ever, total building fell only 9 per cent
as nonresidential values gained 5 per
Total cent on the strength of advances in
BIdg. educational, public and recreational
-19% facilities.
- 9
Total building values in the O h i o
— 5
- 1 Valley almost approached the level set
- 6 during the first half of 1966, trailing by
- 4 only 1 per cent. A surge of more than
+ 6
40 per cent in manufacturing and recre-
- 9
- 6 ational buildings provided most of the
Company gain in nonresidential building values.
However, heavy losses in hotel and
motel contracts lowered total residential
values by an offsetting 12 per cent.
In the only region to exhibit a pat-
tern somewhat resembling that of the
nation as a w h o l e , the South Central
area showed a loss of 4 per cent in total
building values. Despite a 4 per cent rise
in nonresidential values, residential con-
tracts dipped 11 per cent.
By mid-year, however, things were
looking decidedly better. The Dodge
Index (seasonally adjusted) was back in
the vicinity of its previous high level,
indicating that the hangover of last year's
credit problem had been worked off
during the sticky first half. The balance
of 1967 is expected to show enough
strength to produce a small gain for the
year as a whole.

Building activity: monthly contract tabulations

NONRESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL TOTAL

$(BILLIONS) BUILDING ^ $(BILLIONS) BUILDIN BUILDING
^ — ^ 1 4

I I 1 I

1966 1966 1966

-I

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N O J F M A M J J A S O N D
f.W DODGE COMPANY

A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD October 1967 83


TRENDS A N D ANALYSIS
L a w r e n c e C. jaquith. Economist
McKee-Berger-Mansueto Inc.
Construction Consultants
CPM: The earlier, the better
Each year Critical Path M e t h o d gains
greater acceptance as a necessary tech-
nique of modern construction econom-
ics. And one fact is becoming increas-
ingly apparent, though it has not gained
widespread recognition—the earlier in
the design stage CPM is introduced, the
more useful it becomes. Those individ-
uals w h o are aware of the possible ap-
plications of CPM to the whole con-
struction process will quickly point out
that the potential of this technique has
not been realized, and w h e n it is, the
architect and owner will benefit most.
The primary value of CPM in the
construction industry is as a vehicle for
a more accurate and logical approach to
the planning, scheduling and control of
a project. But it has other uses. Its struc-
ture—a network of scheduled activities—
implies much more than, say, a contrac-
tor's network. The activities can be con-
ceptual, as in planning or design; me-
chanical, as in specific, easily quantifiable
tasks; or both. This is why CPM has
proven useful for planning and schedul-
ing in other industries for completely dif-
ferent types of work. As long as a number
of people are performing a number of
tasks simultaneously, the only practical
way to find the most efficient method of
completion is via CPM—or something
like it. In construction, the architect
needs CPM since he is most frequently
responsible for project control. And
most advantages that he gains from effi-
cient planning and management through
CPM are passed on to the owner.
But again, the one period where the
architect can most benefit from the use
of CPM is the stage where it has been
least used—during early design, in the
pre-bid period, just as soon as the budget
is set. Many CPM schedules are not
drawn until after the bidding. Its effec-
tiveness is substantially reduced when
this happens.
Most criticism of CPM
grows out of misuse
There have been various criticisms of
CPM as it is presently applied to the con-
struction process. It w o u l d be more ap-
propriate to criticize the misuse of CPM,
rather than the concept itself. One often
heard criticism is that CPM is not re-
sponsive in the field. Yet in nearly every
case where this supposed shortcoming
has been observed, it is the result of
inadequate preparation of the schedule
or lack of proper monitoring.
Much of the dissatisfaction w i t h
CPM has been expressed by contractors.
It should be pointed out that many con-
tractors—especially the larger ones—
prepare and use CPM themselves and
have been quite successful w i t h it. But
the character of the industry is such that
a great deal of CPM w o r k is subcon-
tracted. Since it is difficult to specify
quality, many contractors shop for a
CPM subcontract much as they w o u l d
for anything else. More often than not
they get what they pay for: low quality
w o r k that is not responsive in the field
and does not give the architect the neces-
sary information to meet problems w h e n
they occur.
Further, despite encouraging talk
about a construction team composed of
the architect, general contractor and
subcontractor, secrecy and reticence
often mark the relationship between the
team members. Contractors have histori-
cally been reluctant to reveal their pro-
posed plan of operations in full detail to
the architect. They often feel that the
architect may not understand their plan
and may later hold them to expressed
goals which might turn out to be u n i m -
portant to the progress of the project.
One procedure which has been de-
vised to overcome all of the above dif-
ficulties is beginning to catch on w i t h
many architects, owners, and govern-
ment agencies. This procedure takes
fuller advantage of the capabilities of
CPM for project control by getting archi-
tects and contractors involved early in
the basic planning decisions.
Critical path is
most critical in the early stages
The early weeks of any construction p r o j -
ect are the most important for the devel-
opment of a workable critical path
BUILDING COSTS
schedule. Not only is it imperative to get
the project off to a rational, w e l l - i n -
formed start, but also during these early
weeks the major subcontractors can give
more attention to planning. Indeed sub-
contractors should understand their role
in the over-all schedule even before a
formal subcontract agreement is signed.
Moreover, valuable time is frequently
wasted because the CPM consultant is
not engaged immediately after an award.
He requires even more time to identify
the major project features.
Once a CPM schedule is prepared
and action is taken on it by the field
forces, it must be correct. If it is n o t — i f
it has major weaknesses or hasn't con-
sidered key relationships between the
contracting forces—it will invariably be
abandoned. The critical path schedule
ought to be a logical statement of the
operative solution to a problem. Used
properly, it requires that all of the con-
tracting forces think through the various
elements of the project. CPM is inherent-
ly a tell-tale technique. It not only ex-
poses all facets of the project but, more-
over, does so in an impartial manner.
The procedure for a successful ap-
plication of CPM works like this: The ar-
chitect develops his o w n network or en-
gages a CPM consultant long before the
j o b is advertised for b i d . In addition to an
understanding of network scheduling
techniques, the CPM consultant must
have a complete familiarity w i t h con-
struction methods. A preliminary critical
path schedule is prepared based on avail-
able contract drawings. Since this sched-
ule is a dynamic model of the project,
valuable information can be obtained
from it even before a contractor has been
selected. The schedule will assist the ar-
chitect in determining a realistic comple-
tion time for the project, the steps that
must be taken if early completion is re-
quired, the critical interfaces or mile-
stones for multi-phase projects, the pos-
sibility of early partial occupancy of cer-
tain project facilities, the effect of weath-
er and season on key project dates, man-
power requirements, and a host of simi-
lar data.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 87
 A preliminary schedule
greatly assists bidders
The preliminary CPM schedule, w i t h ex-
planatory data, should be made available
to prospective bidders. The bidders
should understand clearly that the sched-
ule is supplied to them only for their in-
formation and assistance in preparing
their bids, and that it does not prescribe
a particular method for performing the
work. Contractors supplied w i t h such
schedules during the preparation of their
bids report that it is of great assistance to
them. If potential contractor difficulties
have been considered in determining
completion dates or other project mile-
stones, the CPM schedule w i l l illustrate
this. It can also indicate problems (or,
hopefully, the lack of them) which might
arise from manpower requirements, w i n -
ter work, or long lead times on the de-
livery of materials. This enables contrac-
tors to evaluate the relative difficulty of
achieving project goals much more ac-
curately. It serves to eliminate many
unknowns, and in turn leads to better
bids.
Under this procedure, the CPM con-
sultant is engaged not only to prepare
the preliminary CPM and serve as con-
struction scheduling advisor to the ar-
chitect, but also to furnish technical CPM
expertise through the construction
phase.
The successful bidder can
then revise the plan
When a general contractor is selected,
his estimator and superintendent can sit
d o w n at once w i t h the CPM consultant.
Their revised CPM schedule then be-
comes the working plan and schedule of
the general contractor. He then assumes
responsibility. The plan is no longer the
CPM consultant's concept of h o w the
project should be executed but is in-
stead the contractor's official schedule.
A t first glance this w o u l d appear to
pose some difficulties. It might seem that
the contractor is obliged to consider, at
least initially, the preconceived plan of
the consultant. In experience, however,
this difficulty seldom materializes. In
fact, contractors find it to their advantage
to begin planning w i t h the assistance of
a skeletal CPM network. CPM techniques
almost invariably require an initial net-
work which for one reason or another
proves to be unsatisfactory. W i t h a skele-
tal program already prepared this time
consuming initial dry run is eliminated
for the contractor and he can begin work
at once on a sensible, informed plan.
It must be remembered that the ar-
chitect, while gaining many advantages
from CPM, also has certain obligations.
For example, a proper schedule will tell
him when he w i l l receive shop drawings
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967
for various aspects of the work. In turn,
it will tell the subcontractor when he
may expect to receive the approval or
comments of the architect w i t h respect
to these drawings.
Throughout the life of the project
the contractor, architect, owner and
others w h o have obligations to complete
w o r k or perform services, report the
status of their activity to the CPM con-
sultant on a periodic basis, usually
monthly. The consultant then measures
this progress against the schedule, and
reports project status, existing difficul-
ties, potential trouble areas, etc., to all
parties.
The CPM schedule becomes what it
should always have been—a dynamic
tool used by all members of the c o n -
struction team interested or responsible
for project control. It also becomes an
objective and more or less a public d o c u -
ment reflecting accomplished fact in
relation to a previously agreed upon
plan.
More and more CPM networks are
being drawn up in this manner—usually
when workin g drawings are 6 0 % to 70%
complete. But there are t w o major rea-
sons why an earlier starting point w o u l d
be even more advantageous.
Early CPM analysis
can save much expense
If CPM is introduced just as soon as the
budget is set the probability of keeping
the project w i t h i n the requirements of
time and cost increases. Specifically,
more time is available for establishing
o p t i m u m phasing and for p i n p o i n t i n g the
timing of critical interfaces. Obviously
the closer the drawings are to final c o m -
pletion, the more difficult it is to make
any major adjustments for weather, man-
power requirements, labor negotiations,
the bidding market and other character-
istics of the project locale, w h i c h w o u l d
affect the cost and timing of construc-
tion.
Secondly, it theoretically permits the
architect to simulate and evaluate the
effect of each design detail on the rest of
the project.
For example, the architect may be
debating among several alternatives for
a particular detail. Taken separately each
detail might be more or less identical in
cost. Yet in terms of its relationship to
the rest of the project—one item might
be much more or less expensive.
If a certain detail is more expensive
than another in this sense, the architect
has no way of spotting this fact w i t h o u t
reference to a CPM schedule. By sub-
mitting each alternative to CPM analysis,
he is simulating the actual impact on
time and cost that w o u l d occur, if that
detail were included in the project.
In actual practice, of course, exam-
ining each detail in this manner w o u l d be
prohibitive. And on those items vital to
the functional and aesthetic require-
ments of the building, time-cost trade-
offs are inappropriate. But they are ap-
propriate for many items—especially
those in the HVAC, electrical and p l u m b -
ing systems in complex laboratories and
hospitals. It has even been suggested that
the consulting engineer submit a simple
CPM showing the impingement of his
basic system and alternative systems on
construction time.
If the architect can make it clear to
the owner that early CPM analysis can
allow him to put money into the b u i l d -
ing that w o u l d otherwise go into tem-
porary heat, overtime pay, and expensive
equipment, he can convince him that it
is a well justified expense, quite smal
compared to the potential saving.
LA airport to provide sound
insulation for nearby homes
Los Angeles International Airport has be-
come the first major commercial airport
in the United States to launch a test pro-
gram to reduce the effects of aircraft
noise by acoustically treating homes in
the vicinity of the airfield, according
to Louis Warschaw, president of the
Los Angeles Board of Airport Commis-
sioners.
At its regular meeting, the Airport
Commission gave preliminary approval
for the negotiation of consulting con-
tracts with Norman L. Pedersen, Los A n -
geles architect and structural engineer,
and Wyle Laboratories of El Segundo for
the development and implementation of
such a program.
Dealing w i t h residential properties
in selected locations adjacent to Los A n -
geles International Airport, the contracts
w o u l d involve t w o phases: (1) a study,
not to exceed 30 days, which includes
preparation of a plan for the program and
selection of the residences, definition of
objectives and methods to be used; and
(2), actual insulating w o r k on the homes
and evaluation of results obtained, which
will require an estimated four to six
months for completion.
The Los Angeles Board of Airport
Commissions last June adopted a resolu-
tion authorizing the issuance of $75 m i l -
lion to finance a multi-million dollar
master plan development. Bids were re-
ceived September 27 for the purchase of
$40 million in revenue bonds, and a sec-
o n d series of $35 m i l l i o n is scheduled for
sale in mid-1968 Commission President
Warschaw said.
 BUILDING COSTS
NDEXES A N D INDICATORS
I William H. Edgerton
Manager-Editor, Dow Building Cost Calculator,
I A n F. W. Dodge service

O C T O B E R 1967 BUILDING C O S T INDEXES E C O N O M I C INDICATORS

1941 averages for each city = 100.0

% change
Metropolitan Cost C u r r e n t D o w Index year ago
area differential residential n o n - r e s . res. & n o n - r e s .

U.S. Average 8.5 282.6 301.1 +2.10

Atlanta 7.2 319.5 338.9 +1.85

Baltimore 7.7 282.2 300.2 +1.90
Birmingham 7.5 258.2 277.6 +1.52
Boston 8.5 253.7 268.5 +1.49
Chicago 8.9 315.8 332.2 +2.63

Cincinnati 8.8 274.1 291.3 +3.49

Cleveland 9.2 289.0 307.1 +1.14
Dallas 7.7 263.6 272.2 +1.39
Denver 8.3 289.4 307.6 +2.49 $5.19
Detroit 8.9 289.3 303.7 +1.49

Kansas City 8.3 252.3 267.1 +1.31

Los Angeles 8.3 288.9 316.1 + 2.45
Miami 8.4 275.2 288.9 +0.81
Minneapolis 8.8 284.8 302.8 +3.78
New Orleans 7.8 255.2 270.4 +3.05
4.85%
New York 10.0 297.5 320.0 + 3.20
Philadelphia 8.7 282.2 296.3 + 2.63
Pittsburgh 9.1 260.9 277.4 + 1.26
St Louis 9.1 279.7 296.4 + 1.85
San Francisco 8.5 364.3 398.6 +1.27
Seattle 8.4 259.7 290.2 +3.18

Differences in costs between two cities may be compared by dividing the cost dif-
ferential figure of one city by that of a second; if the cost differential of one city
(10.0) divided by that ot a second (8.0) equals 125%, then costs m the first city are
25% higher than costs in the second. Also, costs in the second city are 80% of those
in the first (8.04-10.00=80%) or they are 20% lower in the second city.

The information presented here indicates trends of building

construction costs in 21 leading cities and their suburban areas
1964 1966 1967
(within a 25-mile radius). Information is included on past and (QUARTERLY)
present costs, and future costs can be projected by analysis of
cost trends.

HISTORICAL BUILDING C O S T INDEXES—AVERAGE O F ALL BUILDING TYPES, 21 CITIES

1941 average for each city = 100.00

Metropolitan 1966 (Quarterly) 1967 (Quarterly)

area 1952 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

U.S. Average 213.5 259.2 264.6 266.8 273.4 279.3 284.9 286.3 287.3 290.4 286.6 292.7 293.7 296.5 -

Atlanta 223.5 289.0 294.7 298.2 305.7 313.7 321.5 322.2 323.3 328.5 329.8 332.4 333.4 334.6
Baltimore 213.3 272.6 269.9 271.8 275.5 280.6 285.7 288.6 289.6 289.4 290.9 290.4 291.5 294.9 —
Birmmgham 208.1 240.2 249.9 250.0 256.3 260.9 265.6 267.1 268.1 269.7 270.7 272.9 274.0 273.8 —
Boston 199.0 232.8 237.5 239.8 244.1 252.1 257.8 258.5 259.6 250.9 262.0 262.9 263.9 264.8 —
Chicago 231.2 284.2 289.9 292.0 301.0 306.6 311.7 312.6 313.7 318.9 320.4 320.4 321.3 327.3 —

Cincinnati 207.7 255.0 257.6 258.8 263.9 269.5 274.0 274.7 275.7 277.2 278.3 278.7 279.6 287.3 —
Cleveland 220.7 263.1 265.7 268.5 275.8 283.0 292.3 293.0 294.1 299.2 300.7 300.0 301.3 302.6 —
Dallas 221.9 239.9 244.7 246.9 253.0 256.4 260.8 261.7 262.6 265.8 266.9 267.6 268.5 269.5 —
Denver 211.8 257.9 270.9 274.9 282.5 287.3 294.0 294.6 295.5 296.6 297.5 297.6 298.5 304.0 —
Detroit 197.8 259.5 264.7 265.9 272.2 277.7 284.7 285.5 286.5 295.7 296.9 298.0 299.1 300.1 —

Kansas City 213.3 237.1 237.1 240.1 247.8 250.5 256.4 257.3 258.2 260.0 261.0 260.8 261.9 263.4 —
Los Angeles 210.3 263.6 274.3 276.3 282.5 288.2 297.1 298.0 298.6 301.6 302.7 303.6 304.7 309.0 —
Miami 199.4 256.5 259.1 260.3 269.3 274.4 277.5 278.4 279.2 282.9 284.0 283.4 284.2 285.2 —
Minneapolis 213.5 260.0 267.9 269.0 275.3 282.4 285.0 285.7 286.6 288.3 289.4 292.0 293.1 299.2 —
New Orleans 207.1 242.3 244.7 245.1 248.3 249.9 256.3 257.1 258.0 258.8 259.8 262.3 263.4 266.7 —

New York 207.4 265.4 270.8 276.0 282.3 289.4 297.1 297.8 298.7 302.8 304.0 309.4 310.6 312.5 —
Philadelphia 228.3 262.8 265.4 265.2 271.2 275.2 280.8 281.7 282.6 285.3 286.6 287.1 288.1 292.8 —
Pittsburgh 204.0 243.5 250.9 251.8 258.2 263.8 267.0 268.9 270.1 270.7 271.7 272.2 273.1 274.1 —
St. Louis 213.1 251.9 256.9 255.4 263.4 272.1 280.9 282.2 283.2 287.0 288.3 290.3 291.3 292.3 —
San Francisco 266.4 327.5 337.4 343.3 352.4 365.4 368.6 376.2 377.7 384.7 386.0 388.1 389.2 389.6 —
Seattle 191.8 237.4 247.0 252.5 260.6 266.6 268.9 271.1 272.1 273.9 275.0 276.5 277.5 282.6 —

Costs in a given city for a certain period may l>e compared with costs in another the one period are 33% higher than the costs in the other. Also, second period
period by dividing one index into the other; if the mdex for a city for one period costs are 75% of those in the first period (150.0-:-200.0=75%) or they are 25%
(200.0) divided by the index for a second period (150,0) equals 133%, the costs in lower in the second period.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 89


OFFICE M A N A G E M E N T
Texas firm adopts micro-records storage and retrieval
Caudill Rowlett Scott has solved the
problem of information storage and re-
trieval by converting all of its records
(visual and documentary) to a computer-
ized microfilm file system. Information,
including copies of drawings, renderings,
ipecifications and photographs, can be
located and retrieved in seconds. Ac-
cording to the f i r m , benefits accrued
(including a complete duplicate set of
;ecurity files) more than compensate for
the system's cost, figured at less than
$13,000 per year for the first five years.
And that includes reduction to microfilm
about a m i l l i o n pieces of past records
n o w stored in warehouse, as well as all
viewing and filing equipment w i t h the
exception of the IBM 1130 computer to
which the system is adapted. (The firm
has been expanding management and
planning jobs for the in-house computer
for about t w o years.)
Records must be permanent
| a n d readily accessible
Since there is no statute of limitations on
the responsibility of architects in Texas,
•architects in that state must permanently
retain their files. But the problem of i n -
formation storage is compounded for
CRS by a growing number of projects
3er year and increased quantities of file
naterial per project. For about 160 cur-
ently active projects, the firm averages
,200 items of record per project. Fur-
thermore, according to C. Herbert Paseur,
managing partner, CRS was aware that it
was constantly redesigning many uni-
form construction features such as ships
ladders, flashings and curbings. Still, the
only alternative to redesigning was the
even more time-consuming task of re-
trieving a particular drawing f r o m the
company's file of completed projects.
In the past this meant that a drafts-
man workin g on a particular feature,
knowing that it had been done before by
the f i r m , w o u l d go to his project man-
ager. The project manager w o u l d try to
recall what completed project drawing
had the feature, and then send an office
boy to search for it in the project's stor-
age bin located in the warehouse across
town. Usual results: frustrating failure.
Finally the project manager, if he was de-
termined, w o u l d go to the warehouse
himself and find the correct d r a w i n g —
"perhaps recognizing it by a coffee
stain." Returning the drawing t o the
warehouse was equally chancy.
A million-piece file
gets finger-tip control
W i t h the new microfilm system, informa-
tion can immediately be obtained in the
400-square-foot Information Storage and
Retrieval Center (ISRC), staffed by a full-
time clerk w h o is responsible for main-
tenance, operation, filming, and all fil-
ing of information. The Master Central
PRACTICE
File, the heart of the center, includes a
micro-copy of all information on every
project—the entire j o b history of the
firm. Thus, the employee requiring spe-
cific information from a project drawing
need only go to the center and obtain the
appropriate aperture card or micro-jacket
from the clerk, view it on the reader, and
secure—within 20 seconds—either a
hard copy enlarged back to original size
from the viewer-printer, or a microfilm
copy card for inclusion in a satellite file
from the diazo copier. If specification
sheets or correspondence are required,
microfiche mountings may be obtained
for viewing and copying. Since master
file cards never leave the center, the old
problem of lost or out-of-file situations
is eliminated.
Security is another salient feature
of the system. Should the complete of-
fice file be destroyed, duplicate cards
stored in a bank vault are readily obtain-
able; and microfilm copies are accept-
able as evidence in court, should a legal
question arise.
But most important, the system pro-
vides more information in less turn-
around time, permitting expensive per-
sonnel to capitalize on the firm's experi-
ence. Says Paseur: "The less time we
have to devote to prosaic non-creative
matters, the more we can give to ap-
proaching clients' needs in a way to meet
those problems unique to his project."
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 93
Retrieval center provides essed outside and then returned f o r i n - capability built into the system, permit-
instant recall and reproduction clusion in the master file. ting research into CRS history of such
All information on each project is gen- Information may also be retrieved specific items as "zero detailing." The
erated, stored, and retrieved by project from the IBM 1130 by subject matter, jacket/microfiche concept w i l l be uti-
phases which correspond to the phases enabling personnel w o r k i n g o n current lized to film additional information in-
(schematics, design development, con- projects to benefit from all similar past cluding accounting records and pro-
traction documents, bidding and con- project solutions. Presently anticipated graming and promotion files. Eventually
struction) outlined in a typical architec- categories of retrieval are 1) details, 2) the architectural, mechanical, electrical
tural contract: pre-contract i n f o r m a t i o n ; component combinations of details, and and plumbing production departments
programing reports, color renderings and 3) architectural spaces. will each have a satellite file for their use
model photos; construction documents, consisting of an in-use viewing file and
specifications; color slides, shop and as- Computer-linked system has reader, and a portable desk viewer. The
built drawings. potential for broader use study further indicated that while quality
For the filing of visual material an prints can be obtained o n w o r k already
Before full implementation of the ISRC
index card is prepared for each exhibit completed, some changes in drafting ma-
system, a pilot study of 15 projects veri-
while it is being put on film by an out- terials and techniques w o u l d improve
fied and refined feasibility of the system,
side service. The returned film is then copy quality on future projects.
and revealed a number of areas where
mounted o n one of the t w o forms of further development w o u l d be desirable. During the transition period, until
aperture cards, matched to its index In addition to standard filing and re- the micro-copy file is fully integrated in
card, and duplicated for filing in the se- trieval operations, the system has built- the activity of the firm, the active central
curity file, master file, and index file. The in potential for expanded services which file will be maintained. But eventually,
microfiche mountings for correspond- will be developed further. For example, once the backlog has been filmed, all
ence and specifications are also proc- Mr. Caudill wants additonal category- originals will be destroyed.

lOaOOe 88 0 OODDOOOOOOO OOOOOSDOOOOOeOOOODDOOOOOOOOSDOOOOODOOOO

I I 1 4 I I 1 I I tan 0 a M s w II • a a n a n M S i i i ' a i i i o i i s n M i i i i i ; u n t o < ) a a M « i « « « a i « 9 i k f U M U i i T r a M H H V U d B M i i B a M 1 n n a x n n W H M
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; 111. I l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 111 n 11 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 11

222 22 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 333333 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 33333 3 3 33 J 3 3 3 13 3 3

44444i444444(444M4 4444444 44 4444444 444 4 4 4 4 4 44 44 4 4 4 444 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 44 4 4 4 4

Components of the c o m p u t e r - l i n k e d
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 555 5 555 5 5 5 5 55 55 5 5 5 5555 55 5 5 5 5555 5 555 55 55 5 5 55 555 55 55 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 micro-records system include
BSE 6 6 6 6 E E 8 S 6 6 6 t ( E B E f i 6 6 S 6 6 6 6 E G I i G 6 SEG8B8EG6SEGSECfiS(SSStEEfiS6£ESSES56SEfiS6fifiS(f{ p u n c h e d i n d e x card ( t o p ) used t o l o -
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 77 77 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 77 7 77 7
cate a p e r t u r e cards ( c e n t e r ) w i t h
m o u n t e d films o f drawings o r ren-
t 8 I 8 1 1 1 8 111 8 S 11 8 I i I 8 11 8 1 1 1 1 B I 8 i 8 8 8 8 I 8 8 8 8 8 I I 8 8 I I I 8 8 I I I I I » 8 1 8 8 8 8 1 1 8 1 1 8 ( 8 1 1 1 1 8 I 8.1 8
derings; o r t o find microfiche (bot-
99 SS 3 9 9 3 9 9 8 3 9 9 8 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 3 9 9 9 9 3 9 99993SS3939993999999999999999999933399 t o m ) w h i c h carries 1 6 - m m m o u n t -
. . t t } 4 s I 1 » > n n B a w » nn • i o n a a w n a i f l a B m i u u M n » ] i M ] t 4 « 4 i 4 t « i H 4 S 4 i 4 i a > 4 w i i » i : M » a 9 M » < » n ( t « « 4 < i a t ) B M i * n n n n a ) ( n i i . i i a
ings o f pages o f s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ,
correspondence o r other documents.

670.023 1 2 Card ME 1 6 March bk c o n t ' d t h r u 7 J u l y bk Coirre sponde nee

•I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • H
•••••••••••••••m
••
94 A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD October 1967
ON THE CALENDAR 15-17 Semi-annual meeting of Consult-
ing Engineers Council of the United
OFFICE NOTES
States—Olympic Hotel, Seattle.
NOVEMBER OFFICES OPENED
30-December 1 Seminar on " M e t a l l i c
Don Brandenburger, A.I.A., announces
2-4 Central States A.I.A. Regional Confer- Materials in Architectural and Structural
the establishment of offices for the prac-
ence—Mayo Hotel, Tulsa, Okla. Applications"—Polytechnic Institute of
tice of architecture and planning, 251
Brooklyn, Brooklyn, N. Y.
5-7 Western Mountain States A.I.A. Re- Kearny Street, San Francisco.
gional Conference—Broadmoor Hotel, Howard Francis Sims is now engaged
30-December 2 International Conference
Colorado Springs, Colo. in architectural practice w i t h offices at|
on Masonry Structural Systems, conduct-
321 South Main Street, Ann Arbor, M i c h .
14-16 North Central States A . I A . Region- ed by the College of Engineering, U n i -
Wiley & Wilson, consulting engi-
al Conference—St. Paul H i l t o n , St. Paul, versity of Texas—University of Texas,
neers and associated architects of Rich-
Minnesota. Austin.
mond and Lynchburg, Va., have opened
North Carolina offices in Suite 1923,
Wachovia Building, Winston-Salem.
Preston R. Luce is n o w engaged in
the general practice of architecture w i t h
offices at the W o o d b u r y Building, Hamp-
t o n , New Hampshire.
H. Carleton Godsey has opened an
office as H. Carleton Godsey Associates,
Adjoiting Screw A.I.A., Architects providing comprehen-
12"O.C. sive architectural services at 334 EastI
Broadway, Louisville.
Extruded
Aluminum
ADJUSTABLE Clark and Enersen—Olsen, Bur-
Thickness .062" roughs and Thomsen, a Lincoln, Nebras-
DOORSTOP
ka firm of architects, engineers and plan-
ners, has opened a branch office at Grand
Extreme Temperature
• sound-proof
Island, Nebraska. The new office isj
NEOPRENE GASKET
• light-proof headed by architect Larry Westerbeck.
W. Kelly Oliver announces the
• weather-proof
opening of an office for the practice of
architecture at 305 Detroit St., Denver.

NEW FIRMS, FIRM CHANGES

The firm Gertzoff, Nuckolls and
Warfel, Inc. has been established at 207
East 37th St., New York City. The new
lighting consultant firm will specialize in
architectural and in theatrical illumina-
tion.
Bradford Shaw has formed a partner-
ship with Robert L. Hamill Jr., A.I.A. The]
new firm name is Hamill/Shaw Associ-
ates, located at 1120 Lewis St., Boise,|
Idaho.
the most complete
and authoritative John K. Harasciuk has been named]
guide for— senior planner in the firm of Morton Z.
Levine and Associates, Inc., Architects,
• WEATHER STRIPPING Engineers and Planners, Skokie, III.
•SOUND PROOFING Earl A. Freels and Robert S. Borders
• LIGHT PROOFING are n o w on the architectural staff of
Linesch and Reynolds, environmental
THRESHOLDS
planners of Long Beach, Calif.
Zero's new Catalog shows The architectural firm John Morse &
many new products, contains Associates of Seattle has named James
175 full size drawings. F. Hamilton an associate of the f i r m .
Clifford J. Ocheltree Jr. has joined
P & W Engineers, Inc. of Chicago as chief
mechanical engineer.
Write fodoy for your copy J. Streeter Wiatt Associates an-
ZERO WEATHER STRIPPING GO,, ING, nounce that the firm's name has beenl
changed to Wiatt, Watson & Cole Archi-
Our 43rd year of service to architects
415 Concord Avenue, Bronx, New York 10455 • (212) LU 5-3230
tects. Their office is at 746 Adams Ave.,

continued on page i:

For more data, circle 67 on inquiry card

104 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967


LCN
for m o d e r n d o o r
Details of installation f o r s t o p - f a c e - m o u n t e d
" S m o o t h e e " closer s h o w n in p h o t o g r a p h
Main features of the LCN
4110 Smoothee® Door Closer
1 Fully hydraulic, providing efficient, full
rack-and-pinion control of the door
2 Easily adjustable general speed, latch
speed and spring power (may be increased
50%)
3 Adjustable hydraulic back-check fully ef-
fective before 90 degrees of door opening
4 Available with hold-open or fusible link
hold-open arm (90° to 180° opening)
5 Finished tan lacquer, statuary, aluminum
or prime for painting to match trim; plated
available
Full description on request
or see Sweet's 1967, Sec. 16e/Lc
LCN C L O S E R S , PRINCETON. ILLINOIS
A Division of Schlage Lock Company
C a n a d a : L C N C l o s e r s of C a n a d a , L t d .
P.O. B o x 100, P o r t C r e d i t ,
PHOTO: A u d i t o r i u m Entrance, North Central H i g h
School, Indianapolis, Indiana; Everett I. Brown Com-
pany, A r c h i t e c t s
OFFICE NOTES
continued from p a g e 704
Montgomery, Ala.
Kemp Mooney has joined Stevens
and Wilkinson as a designer. The archi-
tecture-engineering firm is located in
Atlanta, Georgia.
John F. Hennessy, Jr. has been
elected president replacing John F. Hen-
control nessy, Sr. in the consulting engineering
firm of Syska & Hennessy, Inc. A r n o l d L.
W i n d m a n and Alfred C. Zuck have been
elected as vice presidents. The firm is at
144 East 39th St., New York City.
David F. M . T o d d , A.I.A. announces
that the firm Ballard T o d d Associates will
continue the practice of architecture as
David T o d d and Associates at 305 East
65th St., New York City.
The Vancouver, B. C. architectural
firms of Townley & Matheson, Kelly
Humphrey & Ritchie and John L. Kidd
and Associates have merged to f o r m
the firm Townley, Matheson & Partners.
The new firm w i l l w o r k in conjunction
w i t h Dexter, Bush & Associates, Ltd.
Architect Robert J. Grossman has
been named an associate of Trogdon-
Smith, Architects, A.I.A. located at 800
Sherwood BIdg., Spokane, Wash.
David R. Gallagher, A.I.A. and Philip
L. Vander M y d e , A.I.A. are n o w associate
partners of Vosbeck-Vosbeck Associates,
Architects, The Lloyd House, 220 North
Washington St., Alexandria, Va.
Larry Vance is n o w w i t h Richard
Weingardt & Associates, Consulting En-
gineers in Denver and Sterling, Colo.
W o o d w a r d , Clyde, Sherard & Asso-
ciates have named Dr. Robert L. McNeill
and George E. Hervert principals; Dr.
Yves Lacroix and Gerald L. Baker vice
presidents; and eight new associates,
Lloyd Cluff, Lewis Oriard, W i l l i a m Black,
Louis Lee, Donald Westphal, Leonard
Krazynski, W i l l i a m Johnson, and Frank
Waller. The firm maintains 13 offices in
cities across the country.
Richard L. Dorman A.I.A. announces
the association of Peter Munselle A.I.A.
and the formation of Dorman/Munselle
Associates, Architecture and Planning.
The new firm, formerly Richard L. Dor-
man A.I.A. and Associates, is at 113 North
San Vicente Blvd., Beverly Hills.
Fred Toguchi Associates Architects
Ontario has appointed Deryck G. Muehlhauser an
associate in the firm.
David Schwerd, Saunder Schaevitz
and Joseph P. Napolitano are n o w junior
partners of Rouse, D u b i n & Ventura
Architects/Engineers, 55 W . 42 St., New
York.
F a u l k n e r , S t e n h o u s e , Fryer a n d
Faulkner, Architects have admitted W a l -
lace J. Nichols, A.I.A. as associate.
continued on p a g e 737
I For more data, circle 87 o n inquiry card
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 125

A complete line
for any school
application
1 26 Brookside Circle, Bronxville, N.Y.
SC (self-contained) UNIvent is the
most versatile through the wall unit
ventilator ever. Lets you air condi-
tion an entire new building or older
ones one room at a time. Can be
installed first for heating and venlilal-
ing only, then sealed refrigeration
section can be added when budgets
permit. Cooling capacity is 45,000
BTU/hr. Up to 100% outdoor air
for natural ventilation. Choose from
seven fully automatic models, for
steam, hot water or electric resistance
heating. Readily fits supply piping
from existing heating systems.
NEI.SON/aire cabinet heater and air
conditioner. Ideal for offices, entrance-
ways and smaller rooms. Thin-profile
unit adapts to any wall thickness. Can
be used with steam, hot water, or elec-
tric resistance coils. Self-contained units
available in 8.000. 12,000 or 15,000
BTU/hr cooling capacities. Lets you air
condition now or later.
CEILING UNIT VENTILATOR. New
line offers unmatchedflexibilitywith four
outdoor air inlets, four return air inlets
and four conditioned air outlets. Two
models (1500 and 2000 cfm) handle up
to W external static pressure. Ideal for
remote locations. Other models for oper-
ation to V^" external static pressure in-
clude 750. 1000 and 1250 cfm capacities.
Complete choice of coil options. Units
can be mounted exposed, in soffit, par-
tially or fully recessed, and concealed.
Motor and bearings are sealed and per-
manently lubricated.
For more data, circle 84 on inquiry card
OFFICE NOTES
continued from page 725
George W. Neff, Herman A. Hassin-
ger and Gerald F. Schwam announce the
affiliation of their architectural practices
and the opening of an office under the
name George W. Neff/Hassinger and
Schwam, Architects-Planners. The new
firm's offices are at 39 East Schoolhouse
Lane, Philadelphia.
Anton Tedesko, D. Eng., formerly
with Roberts and Schaefer Company, is
now in private consulting engineering at
Albert Edwards Margetts, Jr., R.A.LC.,
has joined the Detroit firm of Eberle M.
Smith Associates, Inc., Architects and En-
gineers, as a staff architect. The firm
is located at 950 West Fort Street,
Detroit.
The architectural firm, Damon-Wor-
TOUGH
ley-Cady-Kirk & Associates of Cleveland
and Youngstown, Ohio, has named
Thomas W. Bode and Jack C. Wessen-
auer associates. They are based in the
Youngstown office, 275 West Federal St.
AND
Paul Kennon, A.LA., has joined Cau-
dill Rowlett Scott, Houston architects,
planners and engineers, as an associate.
Burns & McDonnell Engineering
Company has admitted Walter R. Giese,
A.I.A., to partnership. The firm is at 4600
East 63 St. Trafficway, Kansas City, Mo.
Wilton L Ferguson, Louis N. Maloof,
Edward F. Menefee, Edward C. Wundram
and John A. Wurz are now partners in
TENACIOUS
the architectural and engineering firm
of Heery and Heery.
Lester H. Seller has been named a
vice president of A. Epstein and Sons,
Inc., architects and engineers of 2011
West Pershing Road, Chicago.
Rixson's N o . 808 and 0808 series
Angus McSweeney, Inc. announces overhead concealed ( i n a 1 ^ " x 4 "
the formation of a new corporation under head f r a m e ) closers—Small i n size
the name of McSweeney and Schuppel
yet tough enough to do the j o b —
Architects, Michael D. Kelly Associate.
minimum maintenance—optimum
The address remains 2960 Van Ness Ave.,
San Francisco. door control s a f e t y .
Everett D. Finney has joined the New
York office of Charles Luckman Associ- No. 808 for center hung, single or
ates as project architect. double acting doors—No. 0808 for in-
George E. Galayda has been named dependently hung single acting doors.
an associate of Smith, Hinchman and Both offer adjustable closing speeds
Grylls Associates, Inc., Detroit-based . . . selection of dead stop and/or auto-
architects, engineers and planners.
matic hold-open positions . . . pressure
Swensson and Kott Architects Inc. relief valve and mechanical back-check.
announce the opening of its new facili-
ties at 2104 Sunset Place, Nashville, and
the change of its name to Earl Swensson For all medium traffic doors of 200
lbs. or less . . . experience proves y o u
Architects Inc.
Albin H. Rothe Associates, Inc. has cannot specify a better overhead
opened a new office under the name clo.ser.
Albin H. Rothe, Architect and Construc-
tion Management Consultant, 7 Oak
Drive, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
RIXSON CLOSERS
A DIVISION OF RIXSON INC.
FRANKLJN PARK. ILLINOIS • REXDALE. ONTARIO
For more data, circle 85 on inquiry card ^
 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD
OCTOBER 1967

COMPLEXITY AND Ulrich Franzen believes that his buildings get

their design energy through the successful
resolution of problems posed by their environment.

CONTRADICTION No advocate of universal flexible space,

he asserts: " I f you can move a building from

IN THE WORK OF the place for which it was designed to a different

place, and it still looks good, it is a bad building."
The four current projects which follow reveal
ULRICH FRANZEN that in his reach for the ideal design for a
particular program and setting, Franzen is well
sen/ed by a design vocabulary made extensive
by his strong understanding of modern as well
as historic forms. This enlightened eclecticism
caused his work to exhibit the principles of
complexity and contradiction long before they
were in fashion and codified by architect Robert
Venturi—indeed at a time when the work of most
architects still professed the virtues of simplicity
and consistency. Now that almost every one has
begun to play a more complicated esthetic game,
adepts like Franzen deserve close study.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 133

ULRICH FRANZEN

THE ELK GROVE

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH:
A SKILLFUL ASSEMBLY
OF ADAPTED FORMS

i./'one/ Freedman photos—except as indicated

 • Architect Ulrich Franzen is singularly
able, as in this new church project, to
produce an accomplished synthesis of
assorted stylistic elements, each of
which has been boldly stated and cor-
rectly used. This design makes no effort
to conceal its debt to
Frank Lloyd Wright, Le
Corbusier, and their dis-
tinguished disciple Louis Kahn. SECTION A-A

The plan, Wrightian in its geometry, D e s i g n e d f o r a c o n s t r u c t i o n cost o f

neatly articulates the separation and con- a p p r o x i m a t e l y $170,000. and a t o t a l
c o s t e x c l u d i n g l a n d o f $200,000, t h e
trast between the low-ceilinged, intimate
c h u r c h is a r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e a n d
quality of the teaching space and the economical structure. The b u i l d i n g
vertical thrusts of the worship space. The w i l l be o n g r a d e w i t h a m i n i m u m o f
latter is shaped by two great skylit shafts t h r e e feet o f e x c a v a t i o n . Berms
covered w i t h flat cast-concrete
which come to Elk Grove by way of
pavers e x t e n d to the c l e r e s t o r y w i n -
Chandigarh and Rochester. To be built d o w s of the classroom element.
of laminated wood arches and beams,
they will be covered with aluminum on ELK G R O V E U N I T E D PRESBYTERIAN
C H U R C H , Elk G r o v e V i l l a g e , I l l i n o i s
the exterior, and give an impression of
— p a s t o r : R e v e r e n d R o b e r t G. L o n g .
lightness neatly juxtaposed against the A r c h i t e c t s : Ulrich Franzen and Asso-
church's heavy masonry base. The hori- ciates—associate-in-charge, Samuel
zontal element has its own skylights, E. Nylen; structural e n g i n e e r s : Gar-
finkel Marenberg and Associates:
similar to forms which first gained wide-
m e c h a n i c a l e n g i n e e r : }. L. Altieri.
spread attention when they appeared as
light sources for the chapels at Corbu's
Monastery of La Tourette.
The church will rest upon an open
flat plain and be surrounded by built-
for-sale houses typical of mobile young
middle-class families. Franzen strove to
achieve a sense of place for this house
of worship, by working with elements
which suggest permanence and en-
closure.
The solid appearing textured con-
crete block walls indicated in the ren-
dering on page 133, and the carefully
sculptured berms shown in the plot
plan and model photograph at left, are
designed in a manner to reconcile oppo-
sites. These forms help distinguish the
church from its surroundings, and estab-
lish its separateness and importance—
yet at the same time they reach out, in-
vite and welcome the worshipper into
the religious precinct, and then contain
him within it.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 135

 ULRICH FRANZEN

BUILDING FOR THE

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE:
DESIGNED T O RESPECT
A N HISTORIC SITE

INTERPRETIVE FACILITIES BUILDING

INTERPRETIVE FACILITIES STAFF PARKING
EXISTING VISITOR PARKING
PROPOSED VISITOR PARKING
MATHER TRAINING I INTERPRETIVE FACILITIES CENTRE
VILLAGE OF HARPERS FERRY
HISTORIC HARPERS FERRY CENTRE
CIVIL l A R B A T T L E F I E L D S
WATER FRONT PARK & NATURE TRAILS
• The old town of Harpers Ferry—site
)f a major battle of the Civil War—is
)ow in the process of restoration. Dra-
natically located at the confluence of
he Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, the
own and its surrounding hills have long
been a popular national park. Recently
^arpers Ferry was selected as the loca-
on for a so-called Interpretive Facilities
uilding to serve the entire national park
ystem as the place where exhibits and
isplays would be designed and con-
tructed. Because of the beauty and his-
pric importance of this site, great care
vas taken in the program writing and in
he final approval of this design.
The model photograph above shows
ranzen's new building as it will appear
n the brow of the hill, as seen from the
pposite side of the Shenandoah River,
he podium which supports the terrace
^ strongly assertive. Inspired by Roman
queducts, it will consist of load-bearing
rick arches. In contrast, the second and
fiird floors recede from view beyond the
dge of the terrace. Influenced by Corbu,
Ihese elements of the structure are sup-
lorted by light rectilinear post-and-
eam construction.
The side of the building facing the
henandoah is freely asymmetric follow-
hg the cliff edge. The facade which
3ces inward toward the symmetrical
ampus of Storr's College is quiet, or-
erly and subtly related to the classic
attern of the old grounds. The fore-
ourt of the new building will become
he focus of the complex. (The college no
3nger functions as such and its build-
Tgs have been taken over by the Na-
onal Park Service.)
The structure will be entirely of
iinforced concrete. Continuous flat
labs will be supported by large col-
mns set in bays 20 feet square. Except
pr the terrace podium, all exterior walls
l^ill be of local brick veneer on block
ackup with insulation in the cavity,
hey are non-load-bearing.
ULKICH 1-KANZtN
T h e b a s e m e n t l e v e l houses t h e s h o p
areas a n d a u d i o - v i s u a l f a c i l i t i e s a n d
t h e first f l o o r m a i n e n t r y level
houses the p u b l i c spaces a n d h e a d -
q u a r t e r s o f f i c e s . O n the t o p f l o o r are
s m a l l s t u d i o s . T h e r e c e p t i o n area is
arranged to facilitate exhibitions.
The f l o o r o f t h e c o f f e e l o u n g e has
b e e n raised t o give it a separate
setting and to improve the view
over the terrace and valley. Glass
areas are c a r e f u l l y r e l a t e d t o f u n c -
t i o n : modest-size arcaded openings
will be provided at t h e shop and
audio-visual level. M a x i m u m open-
ings under overhangs are planned
f o r t h e p u b l i c areas. T h e t o p - f l o o r
BASEMENT s t u d i o s have s l o t t e d o p e n i n g s t o r e -
d u c e heat l o a d a n d g l a r e , a n d c e n -
tral s k y l i g h t s to illuminate the in-
t e r i o r spaces.

THE INTERPRETIVE FACILITIES

B U I L D I N G , H a r p e r s Ferry, W e s t V i r -
g i n i a ; o w n e r : T h e N a t i o n a l Park
Service. Architects: Ulrich Franzen
and Associates—project manager,
Keith Kroeyer; structural engineer:
A n d r e w C. Elliott; mechanical en-
g i n e e r : I. L. Altieri.
FIRST FLOOR
ULRICH FRANZEN

FACILITY FOR
A RELIGIOUS SOCIETY:
A VICTORY FOR
NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE Marko and Marko photo
 -11

FIFTH FLOOrVJ

• The inclusion of three undistinguished

19th-century facades, behind which one
half of this complex structure hides,
might at first glance be dismissed as a
quixotic attempt by Franzen to preserve
the conditions of contradiction. In this
case, however, the rules of the esthetic
game were not established by the archi-
tect, but by New York City's Landmarks
Preservation Commission. This body is
empowered by the Landmarks Preserva-
tion Law to reject construction propos-
als which in its opinion will damage the
appearance and quality of a so-called
"Historic District." In turn the Commis- SECOND FLOOR

sion is in an unique position to support

construction which in its judgment helps
maintain the character of the landmark
neighborhood.
On December T, 1965 the Commis-
sion designated Brooklyn Heights as
New York City's first Historic District and
earlier that year the Federal Government
named it a national registered historic
landmark. The Watchtower Bible and
Tract Society, the official organization of
the jehovah's Witnesses movement,
wished to build a 12-story dormitory
and classroom building on the corner
site which they presently own—shown
in the photograph above opposite. A
strong civic group, the Brooklyn Heights
Association, supported by the New York
Use o f b r i c k , a n d b r e a k - u p o f t h e
City Commission, persuaded the Watch n e w b u i l d i n g i n t o elements of resi-
Tower officers to hire Ulrich Franzen to d e n t i a l scale, k e e p it in h a r m o n y
design a five-story structure more in scale w i t h the n e i g h b o r i n g buildings.

with the residential quality of the old

W A T C H T O W E R BIBLE A N D T R A C T
neighborhood. If the new building were SOCIETY D O R M I T O R Y A N D CLASS-
to conform to present zoning codes, ROOM BUILDING, Brooklyn
however, it would still be too high. The H e i g h t s , N e w Y o r k C i t y , N.Y. A r -
c h i t e c t s : Ulrich Franzen and Asso-
three facades are to be preserved there-
ciates—assoc/ate-Zn-charge, Samuel
fore, not because anyone believes they E. Nylen.
have intrinsic architectural merit apart
from their over-all scale, but because
their preservation enforces a satisfactory
height limitation on the adjacent struc-
ture, which is to be the first new project
to be built in any officially designated
landmarks district.
ULRICH FRANZEN

OA
 STATE UNIVERSITY
RESIDENCE HALU
ISPATIAL COMPLEXITY
O N A L O W BUDGET
• This residence hall for the University
of New Hampshire has an unusually
plastic facade for a building to be con-
structed by a state university within its
predictably restrictive budgets. The trick
here is in the room shape, shown over-
leaf, which gives each of the two stu-
dents in a room a window, either verti-
cal or square, which opens to his own
restricted bit of turf. Further elements
which complicate and enhance the exte-
rior masses are the student study lounges,
seminar rooms, more formal lounge
spaces and house-director suites. These
elements are bounded by exterior walls
continuous within a single plane which
contrast effectively with the concave and
convex surfaces of the walls which form
the exterior enclosure of the dormitory
rooms.
The residence hall houses 450 stu
ULRICH FRANZEN

dents in groupings of 24 to 26 per floor.

The smaller groupings minimize corridor
lengths and reduce traffic and noise. The
building masses are broken down into
elements of varying heights ranging from
three and four stories to ten. This helps
foster a sense of identity between the
students and the spaces they occupy
within the larger complex. Research has
shown that two students can better adapt
to the extremely constricted quarters
which have become standard in low-cost
dormitory construction if they can study
without having to look at each other.
Franzen's scheme admirably performs
this function within the minimum allow-
able space (see drawings, right).
The perspective drawing below
shows the hall as it will appear from the
central landscaped space, a natural
raised clearing which will be kept free
of cars. The perspective on the preced-
ing page shows the approach up a hand-
some flight of stairs from the vehicular
level. The site plan indicates future resi-
dence buildings and the location of the
projected dining hall.

RESIDENCE H A L L FOR THE U N I -

VERSITY O F N E W H A M P S H I R E , D u r -
ham, N e w Hampshire. Architects:
Ulrich Franzen and Associates—as-
s o c / a t e - / n - c h a r g e , Samuel E. Nylen;
s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e r s : Carfinkel, Mar-
enberg and Associates; mechanical
e n g i n e e r s : john L. Altieri.
A BUILDING DESIGNED
FOR SCENIC EFFECT
I. M. Pel's
National Center for Atmospheric Research
is a direct response to a spectacular site
and a highly philosophical program

By Jonathan Barnett

I. M. Pei's National Center for Atmospheric Research

w o u l d be a difficult design to understand if it were re-
moved from its setting on a mountainside in Boulder,
Colorado. The arrangement of the building on its site is
clearly the key concept, and the internal relationships—
while they work well enough—do not give the building
its form.
Only a few years ago architects and critics were
saying that buildings w o u l d no longer be designed in
this way, from the outside in, as mass instead of space;
and the Atmospheric Research Center does not possess
the other supposedly indispensable characteristics of
" M o d e r n Architecture" either. Not only is it not a part of
a uniform international style, but it is quite different from
other w o r k that Pei was designing and building at the
same t i m e ; regularity and flexibility are hardly salient
characteristics; the structure is not expressed; and the
architect made a special effort to use indigenous mate-
rials as the aggregate for the concrete, a philosophy much
more akin to those picturesque country houses built from
stone quarried on the site than to modernist ideas about
factory fabrication.
While we no longer expect such a building to pro-
duce a denunciation in some English architectural maga-
zine (with the architect being excommunicated from the
modern movement's "main stream" and some general
aspersions about American frivolousness and lack of seri-

Jonathan Barnett is a former associate editor of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD who is

now a Principal Urban Designer for the New York City Planning Department staff.

A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD October7967 145

CENTER FOR A T M O S P H E R I C RESEARCH

ous architectural understanding) we are still having some

trouble lining up architectural philosophies with what
architects are actually doing. There has been much re-
cent speculation that architecture is entering a " M a n -
nerist" phase of complexity and contradiction. In evalu-
ating this idea it is important to separate the complexities
and contradictions which are actually architectural from
those which exist only in the mind of the theorist. Much
of what is happening today can be viewed as traditional,
with architects trying to respond to important problems
by discovering the essence of ideas that had produced
successful solutions to such problems in the past.
The Atmospheric Research Center is a traditional
building in that sense, and a direct response not only to
the character of the site, but to the basic nature of the
program as well.
The site was selected by the client well before the
process of interviewing architects began. The client, a
non-profit corporation that receives funds from the Na-
tional Science Foundation but is owned by a consortium
of universities, is a national center for inter-disciplinary
research into all problems relating to the atmosphere. It
could have been located in a great number of places.
While there were clearly some practical considerations
favoring the selection of Boulder—a university town at
a relatively high elevation, close, but not too close, to
a major city—the site was really chosen for its spectacular
beauty.
It is a mesa on the side of one of the eastern-most
ranges of the Rocky Mountains. It thus affords both a

Site p l a n a n d p h o t o g r a p h s h o w s h o w b u i l d i n g adapts to s l o p e o f mesa. T h e

c e n t r a l mass a n d b u i l d i n g s A a n d B have b e e n c o m p l e t e d . T h e v i e w e r is
l o o k i n g at the b u i l d i n g f r o m the east, a p p r o x i m a t e l y as t h e site p l a n is
oriented.

vista of mountain peaks and a panorama of the town and

plains below. It is a setting with strong similarities to that
of the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, some 100
miles to the south.
The client's program was essentially a philosophical
one: it concentrated on stating what was not wanted,
rather than on setting stringent requirements. The view
of research facilities that emerged was of places that

146 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 147
CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

148 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

should be personal, idiosyncratic and possibly slightly
shabby; definitely not uniform, shiny, or regimented.
Nor was there any clearly delineated series of func-
tions that could, or should, be expressed. The type of
research done generally required more thinking than
concocting. The proportion of each was uncertain, how-
ever, and in any event likely to change, so that, as the
servicing requirements were only moderate, there was
no rationale for making a clear separation between of-
fices and laboratories. The client did not mind if the re-
sulting building was a confusing place to visit, as long as
it was a good place to work.
In the end, the architect found that the program was
philosophical because the function of the building was
philosophical. It was to be a place to think, and the think-
ing w o u l d be done in abstruse realms along the fringes of
human knowledge. Thus the forms that expressed the
function must needs be philosophical as well.
Pei's response, after considerable experimentation,
was in effect to design a castle, and then remodel it into
a laboratory. The castle was a response to the site and
the "ivory tower" aspects of the program; the remodel-
ing just set in motion a process of minor changes and ar-
rangements that presumably will go on indefinitely.
The castle keep is a two-story building at the south-
ern end of the site w h i c h contains elements like the meet-
ing room, library, and dining room that everyone in the
complex will use, along with certain support facilities.
Individual offices and laboratories occupy the
towers, which are linked to the general-use building by

bridge-like elements. The towers are grouped in pairs,

also linked by bridges. In one pair. Building B, the smaller
tower contains offices and the larger one laboratories.
The other pair. Building A, contains only offices, although
it looks quite similar to Building B.
A later stage will include another pair of towers,
a long span building for types of research not possible in
smaller laboratories, and a conference center.
It is the design of the towers which provides the
key to this building's highly successful relationship to

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 149

CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

150 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967

its site. In the towers, Pei deliberately suppresses the
structural expression of the floor-to-floor height and frag-
ments internal volumes in order to create scale-less
masses that can hold their own against the surrounding
mountain peaks. The hooded balconies at the top supply
the place of battlements and give the towers form.
The fragmentation produced by the towers allows
Pei to adjust his building to the sloping site, so that, in
his words, " b u i l d i n g and podium are o n e . " Fragmenta-
tion and irregular disposition of the building's elements
also insures that the observer never sees the full extent
of the complex at one time, which prevents a final judg-
ment on the building in relation to the mountains.
Main floor and top floor plan shows
The comparison w i t h the Air Force Academy is in-
how laboratory and office tower re-
structive. There, massive walls establish a p o d i u m , on late to facilities used in common.
which stand rectangular buildings whose extent is clearly 1—Laboratories. 2—Offices. 3—Roof
terraces. A—Main entrance. 5—
defined and whose structural cage is clearly expressed. Meeting room. 6—Lounge. 7—Fu-
Pei says that the Air Force Academy design works because ture expansion. Letters relate parts
of building to site plan, page 146.
the large glass areas combine into a scale-less reflecting
mirror, a solution that Pei was denied because of require-
ments for wall space and temperature control.
Actually, the Air Academy, from a distance, reads as
an attempt to impose its geometric order on some partic-
ularly rugged scenery, while Pel's building—on the prin-
ciple of " i f you can't beat 'em, join 'em"—uses an aggre-
gate of native rock to blend with its surroundings. The
towers of Pel's building also have a scenographic effect
• f their o w n , which is particularly impressive from the
Tiasterfully designed approach road.
The t w o least satisfying qualities of the Atmos-
Dheric Research Center are its equivocal nature as a
form and a certain disquieting thinness about some of
the elements that one expects to be more massive.
The equivocal quality is the result of the building
)eing neither a clearly defined object in the landscape
l o r a self-effacing element of the landscape. It is thus
Drobably an inescapable consequence of the way the
architect approached his design. Wright's "Falling
A/ater," which also is neither object nor landscape ele-
Tient, produces a similar effect of not quite knowing
Nbere you are; but a quality which is piquant in a house
can be disturbing in a large building.
The appearance of excessive thinness occurs when-
ever a cross section of the concrete wall is actually ex-
posed to view, chiefly in a number of round-arched door
openings and in the overhangs at the top of the towers.
The concrete wall turns out to be a stiff, sheet-like ele-
nent, where the deep w i n d o w recesses had led you to
?xpect something much more like masonry construction.
But, if the building's vocabulary does not cover all
he potentialities of modern structural materials, it still
jhows a highly sophisticated ability to come to terms
vith what modern technology can do, w i t h o u t produc-
ng a polemic about what technology is. In common
vith several other important buildings of recent years,
he Atmospheric Research Center shows that it is no
onger necessary to think about " M o d e r n Architecture,"
Dut simply about architecture. That ought to be enough.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 196: 151

CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

Most of the interior spaces in the

building have extensive scenic
views, with the exception of the
library, which is essentially an in-
ternal room. Photo at top is of the
lounge, rather like a club in char-
acter; at left, the interior of the l i - " 5
brary with a circular stair leading to
the carrels; and below, the top floor
of one of the laboratory buildings.

BUILDING B

152 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

SECTION l-l

SECTION 2-2

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 153

CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

Wall section of top floor labora-

tories shows the building's charac-
teristic profile. The necessary rein-
forcing structure, is, of course,
completely hidden. Window detail
is typical of the way in which con-
nections between poured-in-place
and factory-made elements are
made throughout the building.

N A T I O N A L CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RE-

SERACH, Boulder, Colorado. Architects: /. M.
Pei & Partners—James P. Morris, Richards
Mixon and Robert Lyni (interiors), associates-
in-charge; structural engineers: Weiskopf
and Pickworth; mechanical engineers: /arcs,
Baum & Bolles; general contractor: Martin K.
Eby Construction Company, Inc.

154 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 THE PLACE BY THE SEA AT ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA, is

1
a large resort development w h i c h will
ultimately include motel units, cabanas,
clubs and restaurants, a 600-foot pier ex-
tending into the Atlantic Ocean, and a
120-foot high tower with a bar at the
top. Just completed is the first phase o f
wo RESIDENTIAL its construction, 100 apartment units and
t w o swimming pools. Over the next four

DEVELOPMENTS years, the new buildings will replace

buildings battered in storms. The c o m -
pleted apartment building is actually t w o
N buildings under one comprehensive roof.
The apartment units are grouped around

LORIDA four landscaped courts, three of w h i c h

hese two projects—the Place by the Sea, an
ceanside resort complex, and Victoria Park apartments
hd townhouses—meet head-on two urgent
ontemporary problems: increasing density and
reservation of human scale. They are also happy
blutions to the personal challenge of design, especially
I the matter of interior space, where architect William
lorgan was especially concerned with achieving
quality "worthy of the occupants."
offer protected o u t d o o r space for sitting
and swimming. The fourth court, open
at ground level at both ends, is a through
access to the beach. The well-ordered
exterior design of the building derives
directly from the interior space—and
spatial quality is the essence o f the ar-
chitect's solution here. Of the apartment
types, the most interesting are the t w o -
bedroom units on the second floor
where the living rooms are t w o stories
in height, creating a " n o b l e space," w i t h
a view through full-height glass panels.

THE PLACE BY THE SEA, Atlantic Beach,

Florida. Architect: William Morgan; consult-
ing structural engineers: Haley W. Kleister;
Waitz and Frye; general contractor: Preston
H. Haskell Company.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967 155

 i 1

At night the two-story living rooms

are clearly expressed as strong ele-
ments of the exterior (top). By day
(right) they emphasize the particular
spatial quality of these units in con-
trast to the other two types. Access
to beach is through court (above).

156 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 4.

Ili. pi ill t|p B\ 11

L ir IL J L _ J L _ J L - J
tsQiliiillMigjMlillira
ft ' ff ' [•^ ' ' 'ft

The continuous line of the compre-

hensive roof over the apartment
structures is broken only by firewall
projections which define centers of
each court.

Alexandre Georges photos

One- and three-bedroom units are

on ground floor with two-bedroom
two-story units above. Grouping
these types (and a few four-bed-
room penthouse units) determined
much of exterior design, yet re-
tained integrity of individual units.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967 157

Ascending the stair at one end of
the two story living room provides
changing views outward to ocean,
inward to bedroom balcony, dining
space below, and sheltered fireplace
cove under balcony—a "controlled
variety within an agreeable order."
Entrance to two-story space is
through low-ceilinged foyer.

Materials are simple: second and

third floors are wood framed; bear-
ing walls are concrete brick; inte-
rior walls are plywood or gypsum
board.
VICTORIA PARK APARTMENTS AND T O W N HOUSES, also at

2
Atlantic Beach, not far from The Place
By the Sea, are being built in t w o phases:
phase one, now complete, consists of
the two apartment buildings seen at the
top of the perspective view above. De-
signed around courts, these one-bed-
room units proved so successful that
they were fully rented before construc-
tion was completed. The second phase,
now under construction, combines apart-
ments and townhouses. In the two-story,
three-bedroom town house, however, the
architect's emphasis on spatial design
continues the exploration suggested in
The Place by the Sea. The plan of this
town house—a clear derivation from
Wright's " S u n t o p " project at Ardmore,
Pennsylvania—uses a 32- by 32-foot m o -
dule for each t o w n house w h i c h w i t h its
neighbors forms a 64- by 64-foot pin-
wheel. Each unit has its o w n private
garden, but the ingenious connection of
units provides entry courts and, at the
center, a large open space w i t h a c o m -
munity swimming pool. Upper floors
overhang six-foot wide paved pedestrian
ways around each unit.

VICTORIA PARK APARTMENTS, Phase O n e ,

Atlantic Beach, Florida. Architect: William
Morgan; consulting structural engineers:
Haley W. Kleister; Waitz and Frye; general
contractor: Lomar Builders, Inc.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967 159

The first units completed at Victoria Park are apartment
buildings with two-story one-bedroom units—actually, nar-
row townhouses. The entrance to one group of units, shown
in the sketch above, makes a dramatic play of spaces and
planes in the stair hall to the upper floor. Each unit has its
own private garden.

Each unit is essentially a two-story

townhouse, whose main rooms face
a private garden. The major interior
space is, as at Place by the Sea, a
living room a portion of which is
two stories high. This high space,
along with the stair turret, defines
the vertical dimension of the unit.
The master bedroom balcony opens
onto it. The buildings are of heavy
timber construction on concrete
slabs.

160 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 7967

 Some
new directions
in French architecture
Constraint sometimes makes for liberty. In France, since the W o r l d War II reconstruction
period, social, economic and political restrictions seem not to have inhibited architec-
tural development—but to have challenged it.
Visiting professional critics, even in the past few years, have generally felt that the
most creative architecture in that country—aside from the w o r k of Le Corbusier and

ty Leonard Alain Weismehl Perret—was completed before this generation. But it can at least be argued that the n u m -
ber of individual architects working towards new techniques and vocabularies is increas-
ing, and that the quality of their efforts is improving. What dynamics and development
have taken place, have been accomplished in the face of considerable complacency and
a considerable reluctance by officials—government and otherwise—to admit that living
in an architectural past made it more and more difficult to live and function efficiently in
the present.
What has been accomplished? By volume, perhaps not much. But new ideas and
fresh designs seem to be growing out of four different developing movements:
The first includes architects who are strongly influenced by the w o r k and teachings
of Le Corbusier but w h o are forming their o w n vocabularies and thought as changing
conditions and economic possibilities provide new bases for Corbu's philosophies. Two
examples of w o r k in this direction are shown on the following pages.
A second movement includes architects w h o are basing their current projects and
research on a visual articulation of existing social forms in man's urban environment, w h o
are working to improve the visual clarity of buildings. Two examples are on page 164.
A third group includes a growing number of architects w h o , refusing to accept any
of the existing forms, are w o r k i n g towards fresh and personal conceptions of possible en-
vironments. Their viewpoints often radically oppose each other—their common link is
fresh form. Two examples of this kind of w o r k are on page 166.
A fourth group of architects continues to w o r k with the idea that the most positive
chnoiogy an^I^tume^^ way to Create an architecture is to use and f u r t h e r develop technology. An example of
ring after nearly two years of work < - i - i . - i ^ ^ n,
d study in France. this line of thinking IS shown on page 168.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 161

Some of the new work in France is developing

A. We/smeh/

O n e example of new w o r k w i t h its roots in Le C o r b u -

sier's teachings is this highly spirited and rationally
planned vacation complex o n the Cote d ' Azur.
Shown in the photos is one of a series of five linked
communities on a 250-acre site; all of w h i c h contrast Chateau Volterra will have 201
sharply w i t h the random development of the sur- houses in five compact village
spread along 250 acres of land over
r o u n d i n g area. In each of the villages, the tight spatial
looking the sea. The open lane
organization and consistent use of materials has will be cooperatively owned, an
resulted in a pleasing unity. Each village has been will include a beach, boat housei
a club with swimming pool, tcnni
planned and b u i l t in the scale and character of a
restaurant, shops, and supervise!
Mediterranean hill t o w n . play areas for children. OutsidI
the built-up or developed recre.
Architects: L. Arretche, ). Renaudie, P. Riboulet, C. Thur- tion area, the land will be
nauer, J. L. Veret. left in its . j_ •

GARAGES

natural
state. The p h o t a |
show: 1. One of the interior pa;
sages, showing the protected inne
courts and balconies of the uppt
floors. 2. View from one of the
terior village squares looking t c (
ward the individual villas. 3. One
the interior courtyards providin|
outdoor living space. 4. A vie\
from the seaside, showing the t i g f l
massing of the villas. 5. Plan of thT
village of Merlier. The sea is at bof
tom, parking is at the exterior
ihc village. Water, sewage, electrl
cal, telephone and television tranf
mission lines are underground. M (
terials used in the interiors inciu(
terra cotta vaults and floors, whil
cement walls, and woodwork
Oregon pine. Exterior materials
elude unfinished concrete, lim^
stone plaster and varnished Orcgc
pine.
rom Le Corbusier's thinking and philosophy

Keystone photo
Another e x a m p l e : This small children's library in
C l a m a r t , t o t h e s o u t h o f Paris, w h i c h serves as b o t h a
cultural a n d visual center for the local community.
T h e scale a n d c o n c e p t e f f e c t i v e l y e n l i v e n t h e a n o n y -
m o u s character of the s u r r o u n d i n g apartment struc-
tures. T h e architectural language used in this play o f
c y l i n d e r s relates e f f e c t i v e l y t o a c h i l d ' s scale o f a c t i v -
ity and interest. O p e n to the v i e w f r o m a b o v e , the
library and multi-level terraces are enclosed at
g r o u n d level b y a l o w s u r r o u n d i n g w a l l . Rough c o n -
crete, textured w h i t e cement and O r e g o n pine rein-
f o r c e t h e freshness a n d l i g h t n e s s o f t h e i n t e r i o r a n d
e x t e r i o r spaces.

A r c h i t e c t s : /. Renaudie, P. Riboulet, C. Thurnauer, /. L.

Veret.

1. Entry
2. Cloak room
3. Principal stairway
4. Washrooms
5. Gallery of story
telling room
f>. Reception
7. Lending
8. Reading room
Garden
10. Technical
11. Storage
12. Librarian's room
13. Activities annex
14. Story telling room

1. From the s u r r o u n d i n g aparlment

units, the playfulness a n d interest LOWER L E V E L

of the intersecting cylinders is e s p e -

cially effective. 2. Detail of the l o w
enclosing w a l l . T h e c i r c u l a r glass
e l e m e n t admits c o n c e n t r a t e d light
on the interior surface. 3. A detail
of the courtyard. S E C T I O N A-B

ARCHITECTURAL R E C O R D October 1967 163

 A strong, but subtle, expression

In b o t h of these a p a r t m e n t b u i l d i n g s — o n e in Gren
o b l e (left) a n d o n e in Paris ( b e l o w ) — t h e sculptura
e f f e c t g r o w s d i r e c t l y a n d s e n s i b l y o u t o f t h e stag
gered plan arrangements and resulting articulation o
separate a p a r t m e n t units. Nonetheless, the pattern o
l i g h t a n d s h a d o w o n t h e f a c a d e s is i n d e p e n d e n t o
t h e i n d i v i d u a l levels a n d r o o m s , a n d p r e s e n t s t o th<
v i e w e r in the street b e l o w interesting a n d constant
changing patterns.

A r c h i t e c t s : for the G r e n o b l e b u i l d i n g at left: R. Anger an

M . Heymann; f o r t h e Paris b u i l d i n g b e l o w : R. Anger au'
Puccinelli.

1. M o d e l v i e w of the newly c o r l
strucled R e s i d e n c e of the C r e e
Island in G r e n o b l e . 2. T h e pla
s h o w s the staggered room arrang(
ment around a tight concentratio
of vertical building services in th
building core. 3. An apartmet
building on rue de Pyrenees, Pari
1962.

Living room
Kitchen
Dining area
Bath
Water closet
Entry
Bedroom
3

PL

164 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

>f function is another strong trend in France

/. B/augeaud photos

This n e w l y p r o p o s e d administration center for the

c i t y o f P a n t i n t o t h e n o r t h o f Paris g r o u p s all p u b l i c
service activities for the c o m m u n i t y in o n e b u i l d i n g .
It is n o t a b l e t h a t e a c h o f t h e d i f f e r e n t d e p a r t m e n t s —
p o l i c e , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , tax s e r v i c e , w e i g h t s a n d m e a s -
ures, professional orientation, archives, etc.—is
a r t i c u l a t e d , t h o u g h o f course the p a t t e r n c a n n o t be
read f r o m the exterior. The architects have physically
a n d v i s u a l l y s e p a r a t e d t h e services w i t h i n t h e s a m e
b u i l d i n g , assigning to each the position and space
necessary f o r p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g .

A r c h i t e c t s : /. Kalisz and I. Perrotel—Atelier d'Urbanisme

et d ' A r c h i t e c l u r e .

1., 2., 3. T h e strongly patterned ex-

terior is varied and c o m p l e x , but ^^^^^^
extensions a n d setbacks suggest the
varied functions within the center.
4. T h e plan v i e w s h o w s the k i t c h e n ,
restaurant and roof terrace. T h e
canal and s u r r o u n d i n g area will be
treated to p r o v i d e easy access to the
center from all sides.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 165

 Another group of French architects

E. Leon photo,

T h i s c h u r c h at N e v e r s r e p r e s e n t s o n e o f t h e e a r l i e j
manifestations of a n e w theory of experimental arch
tecture: life o n inclined planes, the expression c
cantilever and seeming instability, a continuity c
movement from interior action to exterior spac<
T h i s s t r u c t u r e is a n d m e a n s t o b e in b o l d o p p o s i t i o
w i t h its e n v i r o n m e n t ; t h e i n c l i n e d i n t e r i o r a n d t h
s u s p e n d e d n a v e are c o n c e i v e d t o g i v e a n e w dyni
m i s m to religious life.

A r c h i t e c t s : Architecture Principe—C. Parent, P. Virilio.

A. Weismehl photos
 is striving towards new shapes and environments

T h e massive b u t s i m p l e f o r m of this p r o p o s e d e x h i b i -

tion center at C h a r l e v i l l e extends upward from its

base o v e r t h e M e u s e R i v e r t o w a r d t h e o p p o s i t e hill.

I t w o u l d a c t as a l a r g e p u b l i c g a t h e r i n g p l a c e i n p r o -

v i d i n g the space necessary for an a n n u a l fair a n d the

equipment necessary for two theaters, a banquet

hall, a restaurant, a cafeteria a n d secondary services,

i n a d d i t i o n t o s e r v i n g as a p u b l i c p r o m e n a d e a r e a .

A r c h i t e c t : Architecture Principe—C. Parent, P. Virilio.

1. M o d e l of the proposed
. T h e shapes and forms of the center.
hurch are bold and totally u n r e - 2. S e c t i o n .
ated lo the land or e n v i r o n m e n t . 3. Plan.
3. T h e s e two photos s h o w the
nterpenetration of the shells of the
uilding. 4. T h e interior of the nave
B o o k i n g toward the c o n f e s s i o n a l s . In
he separation b e t w e e n the t w o
hells is found the s e c o n d a r y a c -
esses, o n e d e s c e n d i n g toward the
[T]
e u n i o n and c a t e c h i s m r o o m s , the
ther to the sacristy and the b a p -
stry. In the c e n t e r of the plan and
n the photo above is s e e n the main
tairway. T h e altar is in the east-
J v e s t axis of the principal stairway,
ince its inauguration a f e w months
go, the c h u r c h has found an i n -
reasing n u m b e r of active parishion-
rs in addition to a host of visiting
ay and professional p e o p l e .

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 167

And technology is helping create rational and spirited designs

Technical research and structural refinement have

b e e n expressed in the design o f this m o d e r n paper

f a c t o r y i n M e l u n , s o u t h e a s t o f Paris. I n t h e m a n u f a c -

t u r i n g a r e a , t h e a r c h i t e c t s c h o s e t o c o n s t r u c t a vast

covered space w i t h few interior points of support

( c o l u m n s p a c i n g is 2 2 0 b y 8 0 f e e t ) as a r e s u l t o f two

facts: the need for flexibility in machinery layout,

a n d t h e use o f s o m e m a c h i n e s o v e r 1 0 0 f e e t long

T h e s t r u c t u r e , t h e i n t e r n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d t h e site

p l a n n i n g have been c o m b i n e d to produce a strong

yet subtle total concept.

Architects: C . Calderon, C. Carpentier.

1. T h e exterior of the plant is simple

and b o l d , but does not express the
factory from the site entrance.
. . . 2. e n o r m o u s spans of the i n -
terior. 3. A detail of the c o l u m n -
beam c o n n e c t i o n . 4. V i e w of the
interior of the factory. 5. T h e plan
is s i m p l e . A is the c o m m e r c i a l and
administration b u i l d i n g ; B is the lab-
oratories and lockers and restau-
rant for the p e r s o n n e l ; C is the
manufacturing area. T h e l o w e r part
of the factory is c o m p l e t e d ; the
c o v e r e d area represents future ex-
pansion, an eventual total of 225,000
square feet. For the principal fabri-
cation of the printing and cutting
of paper cartons, an important air-
c o n d i t i o n i n g installation w a s re-
quired to p r o v i d e a constant temper-
ature a n d humidity. In the factory,
the c e i l i n g is hung from the super-
structure, the triangular b e a m s serv-
ing as skylights.
 NURSING HOMES

The impact of Medicare on nursing home design and construction has been
extensive—although less dramatic than many had anticipated. Federal funding
programs initiated in the National Housing Act of 1959 had already accelerated
the construction of new and replacement facilities for the long-term, primarily
custodial care of a rapidly growing population of infirm aged. Further, the Act
had set up prerequisite standards of space (100 square feet minimum for a
single bed room, etc.) and of " s k i l l e d " personnel that were making the old
" w h i t e elephant" mansions run by retired nurses obsolete and unprofitable.
The principal effect of Medicare on newer nursing homes has been to change
the character of care to shorter stays for more acute illnesses and to emphasize
geriatric rehabilitation in addition to, if not instead of, simple custodial care.
This was brought about, of course, by the legal limit of 100 days subsidized
care under Medicare.
So, while Medicare has increased the population from which admissions
to nursing homes are generally drawn, it has generated a demand for so-called
"extended care" facilities which may or may not be incorporated in nursing
homes. In fact, the term itself implies an extension of conventional hospital
facilities (rather than extended time of stay) and calls for a modified, less
costly scale of care than is demanded of general hospitals. Many hospitals are
providing such extended care facilities and are thus absorbing some of the
load that was predicted for nursing homes.
Meanwhile, increasing social security and insurance programs combined
with generally rising levels of income are making it possible for more and more
families to provide conventional, long-term nursing home care for those w h o
were formerly cared for by the family itself. New facilities, meeting today's
standards, are not the forbidding burdens on the family conscience that some
older places were. As Rex Allen points out in the article which follows, the
modern nursing home can be a pleasant refuge. The need for them is great
and growing, and, as these exhibits show, it can be met effectively.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 169

NURSING H O M E S

New concepts in nursing homes: T h e t r a g e d y o f n u r s i n g h o m e s has b e e n t h a t t o o o f t e n t h e y a r e

n o t h i n g more than custodial facilities—places where society
the "custodial facility" s h u c k s o f f its r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d w a s h e s its c o l l e c t i v e h a n d s o f

gives way to design the nuisance of caring for the disabled, the i n f i r m , the aged and
t h e s e n i l e . Except t h a t it m a y b e c l o s e r t o h o m e , t h e r e is v e r y
for active extended care little difference in s o c i a l f u n c t i o n and philosophy between
s u c h a c u s t o d i a l n u r s i n g h o m e a n d t h e m a m m o t h state m e n t a l
h o s p i t a l — a n i n s t i t u t i o n w h i c h is f o r t u n a t e l y c e a s i n g t o b e an
a c c e p t e d s o l u t i o n t o t h e c a r e o f t h e m e n t a l l y i l l . So t o o , it c o u l d
be h o p e d , the nursing h o m e w i l l give w a y t o a n e w type of
f a c i l i t y , an " e x t e n d e d c a r e " f a c i l i t y w h i c h has an a c t i v e t r e a t -
m e n t p r o g r a m and may have a close affiliation w i t h a center of
medical c a r e . S u c h a f a c i l i t y is less c o m p l e x t h a n an acute
h o s p i t a l b u t p r o v i d e s a p r o g r a m o f care c e n t e r e d o n t h e con-
c e p t o f r e h a b i l i t a t i o n , o f r e s t o r i n g p a t i e n t s t o v i t a l roles i n t h e
community.
A p a r a l l e l t r e n d is t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m u n i t i e s for
the elderly. Across t h e c o u n t r y these have taken d i f f e r e n t f o r m s
d e p e n d i n g o n t h e i r s p o n s o r s h i p . It w o u l d a p p e a r t h a t t h e m o s t
successful have been those w h i c h have had a particular unify-
i n g f o r c e — e i t h e r a r e l i g i o u s a f f i l i a t i o n o r an e t h n i c a s s o c i a t i o n .

A common interest and varied facilities

enrich programs for the elderly
It is c o n c e i v a b l e t h a t o t h e r social b o n d s c o u l d b e e q u a l l y suc-
c e s s f u l — g o l f , literature, b r i d g e , the d r a m a , etc. S i m p l y p r o v i d -
i n g s e c l u s i o n , o r e x c l u s i o n , is n o t e n o u g h . In fact, s u c h d e v e l o p -
m e n t s a p p e a r t o s u f f e r f r o m t h e s a m e k i n d o f s t u l t i f i c a t i o n as
the c o n v e n t i o n a l nursing h o m e .
Interestingly, combining an e x t e n d e d care facility with
h o u s i n g f o r t h e e l d e r l y e n r i c h e s b o t h . I n s t e a d o f an isolated
n u r s i n g h o m e , the e l d e r l y are p r o v i d e d w i t h a center for health
c a r e a n d t h e i n c a p a c i t a t e d a r e assured o f c l o s e s o c i a l c o n t a c t
w i t h friends and neighbors. A n e x a m p l e of such a c o m b i n a t i o n
is t h e Sequoias in P o r t o l a V a l l e y , C a l i f o r n i a ( b e l o w ) . T h i s c o m -
By Rex Wliitaker Allen m u n i t y for senior citizens was established by the Presbyterian

Sequoia Health C e n t e r ' s n e w nursing h o m e in

Portola Valley, C a l i f o r n i a , d e s i g n e d by architects
Rex W h i t a k e r A l l e n & Associates in association
with John S. Bolles, provides extended care serv-
ices for an existing c l i n i c as w e l l as c o n v e n t i o n a l
nursing h o m e care as required in this 230-apart-
ment c o m m u n i t y for the aged. T h e facility has
30 b e d r o o m s , mostly I w o - b e d units, each with
toilet and basin. T h e h o m e shares dietary and
o c c u p a t i o n a l therapy facilities with the clinic,
accessible via c o v e r e d walk.

170 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

: h u r c h i n 1 9 6 5 . It consists o f 2 3 0 a p a r t m e n t s i n s i n g l e - s t o r y
Duildings g r o u p e d a r o u n d b e a u t i f u l l y landscaped courtyards,
t occupies a leveled hilltop in a secluded valley approximately
;ix m i l e s w e s t o f Palo A l t o . M e d i c a l c a r e w a s o r i g i n a l l y p r o -
*^ided b y a staff n u r s e a n d a d o c t o r w h o v i s i t e d a s m a l l c l i n i c
It S e q u o i a s d a i l y a n d b y a c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e Palo A l t o H o s p i t a l .
sequoias' expanded medical care
;ives residents reassurance
t was d e c i d e d very soon that care c o u l d be i m p r o v e d by b u i l d -
n g a n u r s i n g h o m e a d j a c e n t t o t h e e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t y . It w a s f e l t
hat s u c h a u n i t w o u l d k e e p t h e r e s i d e n t s w h o n e e d c a r e c l o s e r
o their friends, that by e x p a n d i n g t r e a t m e n t facilities an active
[)rogram c o u l d be initiated n o t o n l y t o help those w h o b e c a m e
b u t also t o h e l p k e e p o t h e r r e s i d e n t s i n g o o d h e a l t h , a n d
hat the e x a m i n a t i o n and treatment services s h o u l d be ex-
|)anded. T h e n e w b u i l d i n g was p r o g r a m e d t o have 30 rooms
m o s t o f w h i c h w e r e large e n o u g h t o c o n t a i n t w o beds), t h r e e
x a m i n i n g r o o m s , a physical therapy r o o m , day r o o m s , nurses'
D a n i s h H o m e i n San R a f a e l , C a l i f o r n i a (below). This facility
w a s s t a r t e d i n 1 9 2 1 b y t h e D a n i s h c o m m u n i t y i n t h e San F r a n -
cisco Bay A r e a . Because t h e o r i g i n a l b u i l d i n g s n o l o n g e r m e t
current standards, it was d e c i d e d in 1959 t o master plan their
gradual replacement. This i n c l u d e d replacing the 1 3 - b e d i n -
firmary w i t h a 30-bed n u r s i n g h o m e . A g a i n in the design o f
the n e w b u i l d i n g s it was felt that there s h o u l d be n o v i o l a t i o n
o f t h e scale o f t h e r e s i d e n t i a l u n i t s . T h e p r o b l e m w a s c o m -
p o u n d e d i n t h i s case b y a s t e e p l y s l o p i n g site w i t h its m a i n
a p p r o a c h f r o m b e l o w . T h e solution was an unusual c o n f i g u r a -
tion f o r a nursing unit c o m p r i s i n g half private a n d half t w o -
b e d r o o m s , s t a g g e r e d t o s h o r t e n t h e c o r r i d o r l e n g t h a n d also
t o p r o v i d e an o p p o r t u n i t y to break t h e roof lines a n d thus
r e d u c e t h e scale o f t h e s t r u c t u r e .
Extended care through affiliation
makes nursing homes more effective
Both o f these b u i l d i n g s , o n e in o p e r a t i o n , t h e o t h e r p r o j e c t e d
f o r t h e n e a r f u t u r e , h a v e sites w h i c h e n c o u r a g e ambulation

h a r t i n g area, u t i l i t y r o o m s , e t c . S h o p s a n d s t u d i o s f o r o c c u - —Sequoias by a secluded courtyard as w e l l as a v i e w of

bational activities w e r e available in t h e m a i n central b u i l d i n g , b o w l i n g - o n - t h e - g r e e n ; Aldersly by a hillside that challenges

i i n c e it w a s r e a s o n a b l e t h a t t h e d i e t a r y r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e all its r e s i d e n t s a n d m a y b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a m o r t a l i t y a g e

l e w b u i l d i n g b e h a n d l e d f r o m t h e m a i n central k i t c h e n , it w a s l e v e l t h a t is h i g h e r t h a n a n y s i m i l a r C a l i f o r n i a c o m m u n i t y . B o t h

) b v i o u s t h a t a n e a r b y site s h o u l d b e s e l e c t e d . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , are e x a m p l e s o f n u r s i n g h o m e s w h i c h b y b e i n g a f f i l i a t e d w i t h
a residential c o m m u n i t y have e x t e n d e d t h e c o n c e p t of care
w a s f e l t t h a t t h e n u r s i n g b u i l d i n g s h o u l d b e as i n c o n s p i c u o u s
b e y o n d mere custody. A type of affiliation w h i c h m a y have
Its p o s s i b l e . T h i s l a t t e r r e q u i r e m e n t m e a n t t h a t d e s p i t e its c o m -
g r e a t e r m e d i c a l a d v a n t a g e s , b u t less social v a l u e , is a f f i l i a t i o n
) l e t e l y d i f f e r e n t o c c u p a n c y , t h e n e w b u i l d i n g s h o u l d conforiTi
w i t h a general hospital, a n d there may be other types y e t t o
o t h e d e s i g n o f t h e e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e . T h e o n l y site a v a i l a b l e
be e x p l o r e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , c o m b i n i n g c h i l d care w i t h care f o r
liear the main kitchen r e q u i r e d extensive f i l l i n g , t h e cost o f
t h e e l d e r l y . W o u l d t h i s n o t also b e t o t h e e n r i c h m e n t o f b o t h ?
[ v h i c h w a s j u s t i f i e d b e c a u s e o f o p e r a t i o n a l savings. S i n c e t h e
B o t h n e e d c a r e , a sense o f s e c u r i t y a n d a c h a l l e n g e . A c o m -
t c h e n w a s at a l o w e r l e v e l t h a n t h e m a i n d i n i n g r o o m a n d
b i n a t i o n c o u l d again change custodial n u r s i n g i n t o an active
h e o t h e r b u i l d i n g s , l o c a t i n g t h e n e w b u i l d i n g at t h e s a m e l e v e l
p r o g r a m f o r c a r e . H e n r y Sigerest i n h i s " H i s t o r y o f M e d i c i n e "
| n i n i m i z e d b o t h its v i s u a l i m p o r t a n c e a n d t h e a m o u n t o f f i l l
insists t h a t " m e d i c i n e is n o t s o m u c h a n a t u r a l as a s o c i a l
e q u i r e d . T h e r e s u l t has b e e n a s u c c e s s f u l b l e n d i n g o f s e r v i c e s
s c i e n c e . " Perhaps t h e s e e x t e n d e d c a r e f a c i l i t i e s ( a n d t h e p r o j -
0 h a l e a n d a i l i n g r e s i d e n t s w h i c h has b e n e f i t e d b o t h .
ects o n t h e n e x t pages) w i l l p r o v e his p o i n t .
A n o t h e r e x a m p l e o f a s i m i l a r p r o p o s a l is at t h e A l d e r s l y

I DAY ILOBBT n OCTI

TMERj

he Aldersly D a n i s h H o m e c o m m u n i t y for the

gecl in San Rafael, C a l i f o r n i a , is b e g i n n i n g its
fecond phase of construction a c c o r d i n g to a
§ i a s l e r plan and building designs by architects r
ex W h i t a k e r A l l e n & Associates, with a n e w 30-
n ^
e d nursing h o m e and 10 n o n - a m b u l a t o r y resi- Mil
?nt units replacing an old 13-bed c l i n i c . Phase
s s
R 1
c o m p l e t e d 14 ambulatory residential units
T U D 1 0
ifif Dimwc j
u u
ith ancillary service and administration build-
^ g s , described in February 1965 issue.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 171

 N U R S I N G H O M E S

Community hospital annex

shares services for extended care
This L - s h a p e d a n n e x t o t h e e x i s t i n g G i b s o n C o m m u n i t y Hos-
pital provides a nursing h o m e b o t h for the l o n g - t e r m , primarily
custodial n u r s i n g care o f t h e a g e d ; a n d the s h o r t e r - t e r m , reha-
bilitation care—increasingly in d e m a n d under the provisions
o f M e d i c a r e . W i t h f u l l h o s p i t a l services c o n v e n i e n t l y a v a i l a b l e ,
the n e e d for separate, high-cost hospital f a c i l i t i e s — l a b , X-ray,
surgery, etc.—is e l i m i n a t e d , and s o m e administrative a n d f o o d -
p r e p a r a t i o n s e r v i c e s c a n b e s h a r e d . T h u s , t h e n u r s i n g h o m e is
a b l e t o p r o v i d e a w i d e v a r i e t y o f services w h i l e r e t a i n i n g as
m u c h as p o s s i b l e o f t h e r e s i d e n t i a l q u a l i t y c o n d u c i v e t o b o t h
privacy and g r o u p activities.

T h e n u r s e s ' s t a t i o n at t h e c o r n e r o f t h e L o v e r l o o k s the
shorter corridor w h e r e the m o r e intensive care patients are
l o c a t e d . It is also in d i r e c t c o m m u n i c a t i o n with the longer,
l i g h t - c a r e c o r r i d o r a n d t h e l o u n g e a n d v i s i t i n g areas. A g a b l e d
r o o f o v e r t h e l o u n g e a n d d i n i n g areas p e r m i t s c l e r e s t o r y d a y -
l i g h t i n g at t h e n o r t h e n d o f t h o s e areas, w h i l e s o u t h - f a c i n g glass
in t h e l o u n g e o v e r l o o k s a t e r r a c e a n d l a n d s c a p e d g r o u n d s .
P a t i e n t s ' r o o m s are s i n g l e - a n d d o u b l e - b e d r o o m s at f i r s t -
f l o o r l e v e l . D o u b l e r o o m s are d i v i s i b l e b y c u r t a i n o r folding
p a r t i t i o n a n d a r r a n g e d so t h a t a t o i l e t serves t w o p a t i e n t s , a
b a t h t u b serves f o u r . T h e r e are s e p a r a t e , c e n t r a l b a t h i n g f a c i l i -
ties f o r t h o s e n e e d i n g h e l p in t h a t a c t i v i t y . O n t h e b a s e m e n t
level a r e d e p a r t m e n t s f o r p h y s i c a l a n d o c c u p a t i o n a l therapy,
g r o u p activity and storage. This hospital-nursing h o m e com-
bination has p r o v e d a financially and functionally practical
arrangement.

G I B S O N C O M M U N I T Y H O S P I T A L A N N E X , G i b s o n City, Illinois. A r c h i -
tects: C o d e r Taylor Associates.

172 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 lotel-hospital-nursing home
)rovides progressive care for elderly
designed to include a residence for the healthy aged, a nursing
l o m e a n d a general h o s p i t a l , the Regina c o m p l e x offers p r o -
;ressive car e t o t h e a g e d w i t h o u t t h e n e c e s s i t y o f t r a n s f e r i n g
esidents f r o m o n e institution to another. The nursing h o m e ,
ess t h a n 1 0 0 f e e t b y e n c l o s e d c o r r i d o r f r o m t h e f u l l - s e r v i c e
ospital, provides a d e q u a t e , b u t n o n - i n s t r u s i v e nursing care.

I C r o u p s o f t h r e e p a t i e n t s a r e h o u s e d in suites c o n s i s t i n g o f a
v a t e r c l o s e t , a s i n g l e a n d a d o u b l e b e d r o o m . Each r o o m is
K o v i d e d w i t h an i n t e r c o m . B a t h i n g f a c i l i t i e s a n d r o o m s for
lon-ambulatory patients requiring special care are concen-
•ated n e a r t h e n u r s i n g s e r v i c e areas f o r m a x i m u m efficiency
n d c o n t r o l , a n d a r e g i s t e r e d t h e r a p i s t is a v a i l a b l e f o r those
Idesiring or needing physical or occupational therapy. Note-
| v o r t h y features of the h o m e i n c l u d e a separate cafeteria, p r o -
'isions f o r c o m p a n i o n s h i p in t w o d a y r o o m s , a b a l c o n y over-
o o k i n g t h e M i s s i s s i p p i V a l l e y , a n d an i n t e r i o r c o u r t y a r d w h i c h
| ) e r m i t s d a y l i g h t t o e n t e r t h e o c c u p a t i o n a l t h e r a p y area a n d t h e
: o r r i d o r in t h e b a s e m e n t .
A l l - w e a t h e r corridors connect the nursing h o m e to the
e s i d e n c e area w h e r e h e a l t h y r e t i r e e s e n j o y a w i d e r a n g e o f
l^ersonal f r e e d o m including choice of r o o m furnishings, unre-
t r i c t e d access t o g r o u n d s , p r i v a t e d i n i n g r o o m , c a f e t e r i a a n d
e s i d e n c e k i t c h e n f o r snacks. T h e c h a p e l , f o r t h e use o f n u r s i n g
|)ersonnel, residence patients and v i s i t o r s , gives distinctive
irchitectural expression to the c o m p l e x , e m p h a s i z i n g the re-
i g i o u s m o t i v a t i o n o f t h e Sisters o f C h a r i t y , w h o o w n a n d o p e r -
ite t h e i n s t i t u t i o n .

: E G I N A M E M O R I A L H O S P I T A L N U R S I N G H O M E A N D R E S I D E N C E , Hast-
ings, M i n n e s t o t a . A r c h i t e c t s : Betlenburg, Townsend, Stolle and Comb.

^ m

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 173

NURSING H O M E S

Layered inner courts

augment three levels of care
T o p r o v i d e a f a c i l i t y f o r p r o g r e s s i v e l o n g - t e r m c a r e in a b u i l d i n g
i n d e p e n d e n t o f its c h a n g i n g n e i g h b o r h o o d in C h a r l e s t o n , W e s t
Virginia, architects W i l l i a m Breger and Associates have created
in t h e St. Francis N u r s i n g H o m e a s e l f - c o n t a i n e d , i n n e r - d i r e c t e d
environment.
T h e n u r s i n g h o m e is d e s i g n e d t o a c c o m m o d a t e 1 1 6 p a -
t i e n t s f o r an a v e r a g e stay o f six m o n t h s e a c h , h a l f in s i n g l e - b e d
a n d h a l f in d o u b l e - b e d r o o m s . G r o u n d a n d b a s e m e n t levels
p r o v i d e s e r v i c e a n d a c t i v i t y areas. O n t h e s e c o n d floor—the
intensive care a r e a — s p l a y e d walls a l l o w b e d - r i d d e n patients
a v i e w . T h e t h i r d - a n d f o u r t h - f l o o r i n t e r n a l c o u r t s are p r o g r e s -
s i v e l y l a r g e r , a l l o w i n g l i g h t , air, a n d t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f non-
S E C O N D F L O O R
enclosure. Here, long-term ambulatory patients in need of T H I R D P L O O R

b e h a v i o r a l or physical care have space f o r exercise a n d relaxa-

t i o n , w h i l e the nurses' stations close by retain c o n t r o l over their
activities.
T h e s t r u c t u r e a t t e m p t s an e c o n o m i c a l resolution to the
p r o b l e m o f c a n t i l e v e r c o n s t r u c t i o n . Its 8 - i n c h f l a t slab c o n s t r u c -
t i o n is s u p p o r t e d o n c o n c r e t e p i e r s e x c e p t f o r t h e c o n c r e t e e n d
w a l l s , stair t o w e r s a n d p r e c a s t m u l l i o n w a l l s a r o u n d t h e i n n e r
courts.
U l t i m a t e l y , t h e St. Francis N u r s i n g H o m e w i l l b e p a r t o f a
c o m p l e t e medical c o m m u n i t y consisting of t w o 116-bed m e d i -
cal u n i t s a n d r e q u i r e d s e r v i c e f a c i l i t i e s , a n u n ' s r e s i d e n c e a n d
chapel, and a housing unit for the elderly.

ST. FRANCIS EXTENDED CARE HOSPITAL, Charleston, West Virginia.

Architects: William N. Breger and Associates; associate architects: iSowman
«& McKalip; m e c h a n i c a l e n g i n e e r s : Batlan & Owman; structural e n g i n e e r :
Paul Cugliotta; m e d i c a l consultants: Dr. Michael Miller, Professor Harold
Baumgarten. F I R S T F L O O R F O U R T H F L O O R

174 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

[;apistrano-by-the-Sea
offers privacy with a view
l a p i s t r a n o - b y - t h e - S e a , in D a n a P o i n t , C a l i f o r n i a , is in c o n c e p t
nd execution a rural nursing h o m e . The e x c e p t i o n a l l y b e a u t i -
ul s e t t i n g is e m p h a s i z e d a n d h i g h l i g h t e d b y d e s i g n e r s Ram-
)erg & Lowrey to create a tranquil, nature-oriented living
i x p e r i e n c e . O c e a n , trees a n d r o l l i n g h i l l s a r e e v e r y w h e r e v i s -
b l e — f r o m the private patios, f r o m the three solarium-terraces,
r o m t h e l a r g e w i n d o w s in t h e g r o u p l i v i n g area a n d at t h e e n d s
>f t h e t h r e e b e d r o o m w i n g c o r r i d o r s . T h e c o r r i d o r s also f e a t u r e
kylights w h i c h create a l i g h t a n d airy e f f e c t ; a n d t h e nurses'
t a t i o n , m a i n l o u n g e , a n d d i n i n g areas are t r e a t e d w i t h e x p o s e d
^oods and stone to further the c o u n t r y a t m o s p h e r e . Exterior
u i l d i n g materials c o m p l i m e n t the softness o f the setting w h i l e
le l o w - p i t c h g a b l e r o o f a n d c r i s p l i n e o f t h e fascia provide
efreshing contrast.

I n t e r i o r d e s i g n is as p r a c t i c a l as it is p l e a s a n t . T h e s i n g l e
b o m s , c o m p l e t e w i t h private water closet, storage and patio
a c i l i t i e s assure e a c h p a t i e n t t h e l u x u r y o f p r i v a c y . For s m a l l
r o u p g a t h e r i n g s , t h e s o l a r i u m - t e r r a c e at t h e e n d o f e a c h w i n g
ideal, and the central location of main lounge, dining, and
a t h i n g areas u n i t e s t h e w i n g s i n t o a s i n g l e c o m m u n i t y .
A c c o r d i n g to a projected master plan for the entire 20-
cre site, a total o f seven b u i l d i n g s similar t o C a p i s t r a n o , an
xisting neuropsychiatric hospital and a n e w central adminis-
ative b u i l d i n g w i l l u l t i m a t e l y o f f e r patients full services.

A P I S T R A N O - B Y - T H E - S E A , D a n a Point, C a l i f o r n i a . A r c h i t e c t s : Ramberg &

b w r e y ; b u i l d e r : O r a n g e C o a s t Construction Company.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 175

NURSING H O M E S

Forbes Pavilion Nursing Home

is in and of the city
!-i I J l 4-B: : OAT ROOK

IS
L o c a t e d o n a c o m m e r c i a l street in t h e c e n t e r o f a P i t t s b u r g h
m e d i c a l d i s t r i c t , t h e F o r b e s P a v i l i o n N u r s i n g H o m e creates a
p l e a s a n t n u r s i n g h o m e f o r p a t i e n t s w h o p r e f e r an u r b a n e n -
v i r o n m e n t . From the spacious second-floor garden plaza, pa-
033 i3~En5~B Q
:Lr[3 CM- Pi3 I C M
t i e n t s can f r e e l y s u r v e y t h e c i t y , a n d , in a d d i t i o n , t h e y can
occasionally take supervised excursions to nearby museums,
theaters, libraries, and concerts. T Y P I C A L F L O O R

To provide a w o r k a b l e and meaningful internal e n v i r o n -

ment, careful i n t e r m i n g l i n g of convalescent and rehabilitation
p a t i e n t s can b e r e g u l a t e d in e a c h o f t h e f o u r 2 5 - r o o m floor
levels. G r o u p i d e n t i t y , an i m p o r t a n t p r o b l e m in s u c h a l a r g e
i n s t i t u t i o n , is t h u s a s s u r e d ; w h i l e s i n g l e i s o l a t e d w i n g s , s t i l l i n
p r o x i m i t y t o all n u r s i n g a n d c i r c u l a t i o n s e r v i c e s , a r e a v a i l a b l e
for those patients w h o s e c o n d i t i o n d e m a n d s separation from
the c o m m u n i t y . The flexibility of the design thus permits the
a d m i n i s t r a t o r t o a d a p t t o his p a t i e n t s ' c h a n g i n g m e n t a l and
p h y s i c a l n e e d s . P r i v a c y can b e r e g u l a t e d b y t h e p a t i e n t h i m s e l f
in t e r m s o f access t o t h e c e n t r a l d a y r o o m , s m a l l l o u n g e areas,
and balconies.
S E C O N D L E V E L
T h e first a n d s e c o n d levels p r o v i d e t w o 1,764-square-foot
units of rental space, a central l o b b y accessible f r o m street a n d
p a r k i n g areas, a n d p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s f o r a t o t a l o f 65 cars. "I'
s h a p e d r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w a l l s d e f i n e t h e m a j o r areas w i t h i n
t h e s t r u c t u r e . S t r u c t u r a l w a l l s are r o u g h c o n c r e t e , s p a n d r e l s are
the same color concrete rubbed smooth. Mullions project,
d e f i n i n g each u n i t a n d a c t i n g as m o d e r a t e shading for the
g r a y t i n t e d glass.

FORBES P A V I L I O N N U R S I N G H O M E , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A r c h i t e c t :

Tasso Katselas; contractors: Navarro Corporation.

176 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

 BUILDING TYPES STUDY 376

Some current
answers for
urban schools
The countless p r o b l e m s besetting urban schools throughout
t h e n a t i o n a r e i n c r e a s i n g in s c o p e , a n d o f t e n in g r a v i t y , t o t h e
p o i n t t h a t m o r e o f t e n t h a n n o t , t h e y are t r e a t e d as " f r o n t p a g e "
news by daily and w e e k l y journals. The cities themselves, and
a vast a r r a y o f r e s e a r c h a n d s t u d y g r o u p s , are p u r s u i n g m a s s i v e
programs to analyze and alleviate troubled conditions—many,
though not all, of w h i c h have to d o w i t h the architectural and
e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e s c h o o l s . As y e t , f i n a l a n s w e r s
or perfect solutions have not been achieved for most of these
\l.P photo by Richter
c r i t i c a l areas. H o w e v e r , c o n s t a n t p r o g r e s s is b e i n g m a d e , a n d a
s m a l l g r o u p o f s c h o o l s w h i c h o f f e r s o m e a d v a n c e in t h i n k i n g
has b e e n a s s e m b l e d f o r this s t u d y .

W h a t a b o u t all t h e n e w t e a c h i n g m e t h o d s ? T h e y n e e d a
g r e a t a m o u n t o f o b s e r v a t i o n a n d s t u d y . . . a n d t h e n e w P.S.
2 1 9 in N e w Y o r k C i t y (left a n d o v e r l e a f ) has b e e n designed
w i t h specific facilities for just this p u r p o s e . H o w does o n e c o p e
w i t h t h e p r o b l e m s o f i n c r e a s i n g b i g n e s s in s c h o o l s , a n d the
perpetual need for i n d i v i d u a l concern and small community
belonging? T w o approaches t o w a r d r e c o n c i l i n g these oppo-
sites t h a t a r e b e i n g t r i e d b y t h e c i t i e s o f C h i c a g o a n d Detroit
are e x e m p l i f i e d b y t h e M a i n e T o w n s h i p High School South,
a n d t h e N e w Eastern S e n i o r H i g h S c h o o l .

A n d all t h e w h i l e , as o n e t h i n k s o f n e w c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e
o l d e r f a c i l i t i e s are b e c o m i n g o u t m o d e d , o f t e n deteriorated.
T w o schemes, o n e a master plan for a d d i t i o n s , and o n e a total
r e n o v a t i o n , p o i n t u p w a y s t h a t t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s can b e u p d a t e d
i n t o s e r v i c e a b l e t e a c h i n g p l a n t s . O f c o u r s e , all e x i s t i n g s c h o o l s
are n o t w o r t h t h e e f f o r t o r expense of r e n o v a t i o n . Frederick G.
Frost j r . & A s s o c i a t e s , a r c h i t e c t s o f t h e m o d e r n i z a t i o n scheme
f o r N e w Y o r k C i t y ' s J o s e p h H. W a d e J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , stress
a series o f f a c t o r s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d b e f o r e p r o p o s i n g t o r e n o -
vate a given b u i l d i n g instead of d e m o l i t i o n and replacement:
" t h e age o f t h e b u i l d i n g , t h e c o n d i t i o n o f s t r u c t u r a l a n d m e -
chanical systems, c o m m u n i t y need for c o n t i n u e d and uninter-
r u p t e d use o f f u n c t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b y t h e b u i l d i n g , a d a p t a b i l i t y
to n e w a n d f u t u r e f u n c t i o n s , and a b o v e all, the cost of renova-
t i o n versus t h e c o s t o f r e p l a c e m e n t . " T h e t w o s c h o o l s s h o w n in
this s t u d y w e r e d e e m e d w o r t h y o f r e t e n t i o n . A n d f i n a l l y , f o r
t h e m o r e r e m o t e f u t u r e , s o m e ideas are p r e s e n t e d f o r p o s s i b l e
interrelated e d u c a t i o n facilities in t o m o r r o w ' s n e w towns.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 177

The one-room school returns as dome for team teaching
O n e of the most interesting of the n e w urban public schools as c a r p e t i n g , t h e r e is n o p r o b l e m o f s o u n d d i s t u r b i n g t h e v a r i
is t h i s d o m e d s t r u c t u r e w h i c h provides a teaching environ- o u s l e a r n i n g g r o u p s . . . t h e o n e b i g space w i t h its s u r r o u n d i n g
ment free of interior walls, and where 150 children from a n c i l l a r y spaces f o r v i e w i n g a n d l i s t e n i n g has real m e r i t , anc
kindergarten to second grade w i l l advance through an un- the teachers like the e n v i r o n m e n t . "
graded p r o g r a m of instruction based o n team teaching. The T h e s t r u c t u r e has steel c o l u m n s a n d a steel l a m e l l a - p a t t e r r l
b u i l d i n g w a s p l a n n e d as a " s a t e l l i t e u n i t " t o c o m p l e m e n t a d o m e w i t h a f i b e r p l a n k d e c k a n d c o n c r e t e i n s u l a t i o n , all ex
n e a r b y e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g f o r 3 0 0 K-2 p u p i l s , a n d o n e f o r 6 5 0 p o s e d a n d p a i n t e d . E x t e r i o r w a l l s are f a c e b r i c k . Z o n e d ai
p u p i l s in g r a d e s 3-6. It also serves as a p e r m a n e n t f a c i l i t y f o r conditioning provides individual control, with air supplieJ
t e a c h e r t r a i n i n g a n d research p r o j e c t s u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h r o u g h f l o o r a n d s i d e w a l l g r i l l e s a n d r e g i s t e r s ; h e a t i n g is b'
Queens College. l o w - p r e s s u r e s t e a m s u p p l i e d via a t u n n e l f r o m o u t s i d e .

This return to the o n e - r o o m school, w h i c h was achieved

T H E P A U L KLAPPER S C H O O L (P.S. 219), Flushing, Q u e e n s , N e w Y o r k |
w i t h s o m e f i n a n c i a l assistance b y t h e E d u c a t i o n a l Facilities Lab-
A r c h i t e c t : Caudill Rowlett Scott; m e c h a n i c a l a n d structural e n g i n e e r s
o r a t o r i e s , Inc., is p r o v i n g a v e r y w o r k a b l e s c h e m e . T h e a r c h i - Wald & Zigas; acoustical e n g i n e e r s : Bolt, Beranek & N e w m a n ; conlrac
tects c o m m e n t t h a t , " w i t h a s o u n d a b s o r p t i o n c e i l i n g as w e l l tor: Planet Construction Corp.

178 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 he b i g o p e n space u n d e r t h e l a m e l l a
B o r n e in this s a t e l l i t e K-2 s c h o o l can
| ) e s u b - d i v i d e d by i n f o r m a l d i v i d e r s
o r class g r o u p s . A l l f u r n i t u r e is also
l o v a b l e f o r f l e x i b i l i t y . Lead c u r t a i n s
re p r o v i d e d a r o u n d t h e central
J'learning arena" for soundproofing
| v h e n the area is used f o r n o i s y ac-
ivities. Sound absorbing materials
re also used o n f l o o r s , c e i l i n g a n d
l i v i d e r s . O n e - w a y w i n d o w s let o b -
ervers w a t c h class i n s t r u c t i o n .

A big comprehensive high school uses a new "300" plan
The problem of providing adequate individual attention lor
students in the big public school has long been a major con-
cern. This, of course, is coupled with the paradox that the big
school can be more efficiently and economically equipped to
offer a much more extensive and intensive curriculum. One
of the newer ideas to try to reconcile the best qualities of
smallness w i t h the best features of largeness is the " 3 0 0 " plan,
used here in the new Maine South High School.
The " 3 0 0 " plan divides the entire student body into groups
of about 300. Each group has a home base (the guidance unit)
adjacent to the library, which provides the f o l l o w i n g facilities:
1) office for counselor; 2) seats and tables for the entire group;
3) good atmosphere for individual study; 4) conference rooms
for committee meetings and seminars; 5) separate entrance
180 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o / ; e r 7967
II.
11
II. II ii!
ii.ii.fi
Flexibility for providing different-
size t e a c h i n g spaces, a l o t o f t h e
est a u d i o - v i s u a l equipment, anc |
provision for future changes
teaching methods and e q u i p m e n t
are all p l a n n e d i n t o this n e w h i g h
s c h o o l to h e l p c o p e w i t h i n e v i t a b l e
developments. An exceptionally!
pleasant e n v i r o n m e n t is also c r e a t e d ] ^
w i t h an a c c e n t o n the v a r i e t y of
spaces. This is e s p e c i a l l y t r u e in th<
l i b r a r y area, w h i c h has t h e " h o u s e s '
f o r g r o u p s o f 300 s t u d e n t s c l u s t e r e d )
a r o u n d it to serve as home-base
r e a d i n g - s t u d y areas.
near unloading ramp; 6) storage for wraps and books; 7) facili-
ties for students to meet to start the day; and 8) dining arei
served from a central kitchen. It is expected that a student ma>§
spend from 35 to 50 per cent of his time in this " h o u s e " area.
Maine Township (District 207), as so many other schoo
districts around Chicago, is also wedded to the advantages o
the large (eventually about 3,000 students) four-year school
Facilities for strong programs in five areas are provided: aca-
demic, science and business education; physical education
vocational training; performing arts; and student activities. The
school size affords good equipment in each area.
M A I N E T O W N S H I P H I G H S C H O O L S O U T H , Park R i d g e , I l l i n o i s . A r c h i -
t e c t s : Caudill Rowlett Scott; McCsughey, Erickson, Kristmann & St///waugh|
Inc.— associate architects; c o n t r a c t o r : Mavfair Construction Co.
[ GUIDANCE C E N T E R
k LIBRARY

A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 181


Privacy and quiet highlight K-4 school for urban renewal
To provide the maximum protected playground area for this
K-4 school in a densely populated residential and commercial
redevelopment area in New Haven, it was decided to place
the building close to the sidewalk and preserve a large open
space at the back, away from the hazards of high-speed traffic.
The resulting increase in the problems of privacy and city noise
for the classrooms themselves led to the use of exterior walls
formed by a series of flat, precast concrete panels, staggered
eight inches apart. The openings left between the panels were
filled by frosted glass panes set at right angles to the wall. Arthur
De Salvo, Jr., of Eliot Noyes & Associates, comments that " t h e
staggering provides natural protection for the glass, but still
permits adequate light to enter the rooms. From the inside,
there is always the sense of contact with the outdoors without
182 A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD October 1967
Joseph W. Molitor photoi
any of the problems mentioned. The panels are w h i t e an(
treated on the exterior with a course aggregate. The interio
is smooth matte white for maximum light reflectance. All class-
rooms also have a generous strip of clear glass above the coi
ridor wardrobes to obtain exposure to a central glass-wallecj
courtyard."
The school is totally air conditioned, w i t h all mechanical
services in the ceiling: one system delivers fresh conditionec
air to ducts and diffusers, another has coils which radiate
through perforated metal ceiling panels.
T I M O T H Y D W I C H T S C H O O L , N e w H a v e n , C o n n e c t i c u t . A r c h i t e c t s : Sch/7/
ing & Coldbecker; Eliot Noyes & Associates—design consultants: mechani
cal a n d e l e c t r i c a l e n g i n e e r s : Hill & Harrigan; c o n t r a c t o r : Giordano ConJ
s t r u c t / o n C o . ; site a n d landscape a r c h i t e c t s : Currier, Andersen & Ceda.
T h i s n e i g h b o r h o o d s c h o o l is d e -
s i g n e d f o r 400 p u p i l s , w i t h 12 t y p i c a l
classrooms a n d t w o separate k i n d e r -
i
g a r t e n r o o m s . In a d d i t i o n , t h e r e is a m
l i b r a r y - g u i d a n c e area, a m u l t i - p u r -
pose r o o m , a n d an a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
s u i t e . Eight o f t h e c l a s s r o o m s can b e
c o n v e r t e d i n t o f o u r large d o u b l e
rooms for special g r o u p teaching
sessions. The k i n d e r g a r t e n rooms
are p l a c e d a t o n e e n d o f t h e b u i l d -
ing w i t h their o w n o u t d o o r court
a n d t w o separate e n t r a n c e s .
A t the c e n t e r o f t h e b u i l d i n g is
a large o p e n c o u r t y a r d , t h e size o f
seven classrooms, w h i c h provides
good interior light, a private inner
l a n d s c a p e , a n d a means o f o r g a n i z -
i n g the plan by c l e a r l y s e p a r a t i n g t h e
f u n c t i o n s and parts o f t h e b u i l d i n g .
Special p r o v i s i o n w a s m a d e f o r safe
s i d e w a l k u n l o a d i n g by p r o v i d i n g an
e x t r a s e r v i c e l a n e in f r o n t o f t h e
building.

Community action sets criteria for zoned high school
Detroit's new Eastern Senior High School was also planned and
developed as part of an urban renewal area and—through sup-
port f r o m the Ford Foundation—with maximum invited c o m -
munity participation. T w o hundred citizens participated via
various committees in developing the criteria for the new
school: local social agencies, churches, individual citizens,
business, industry, labor, Wayne State University, youth groups,
city government, and the public school staff were all repre-
sented. The translation of citizen recommendations to educa-
tional specifications was achieved under the guidance of the
School Housing Division of the Detroit Public Schools, and
w o u n d up as some 230 pages of criteria ranging from a social-
ecological-economic analysis of the c o m m u n i t y to the specifi-
cation of academic areas and functions for the new high school.
184 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967
i i— -
lens-Art phot
The architect f o u n d t w o elements of the program whic
became the basis for the physical expression of the buildin;
these were function (the " h o u s e " concept) and compact si
utilization. Although the program called for ultimately hou
ing some 2,600 students, the desired close association betwee
students, small groups, teachers, and counsellors suggested c
organization of four "houses" of about 650 students each, wi
these individual pupils remaining together throughout the
high school careers. The entire project is planned for two-sta^
construction, w i t h the initial stage limited to 11 acres.
THE N E W EASTERN S E N I O R H I G H S C H O O L , D e t r o i t , M i c h i g a n . A r c h i t e c
Linn Smith, Demiene, Kasprzak, Adams, Inc.; m e c h a n i c a l a n d electric
e n g i n e e r s : H o y e m , Sasso & Adams; s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e r s : McClurg. /V
Clurg, Mikle & Cooper; c o n t r a c t o r : Practical Construction Co.
t c h a c a d e m i c " h o u s e " is a r t i c u l a t e d
a separate b u i l d i n g to c l e a r l y d e -
Jie its i d e n t i t y a n d to r e d u c e the
ale o f the over-all p r o j e c t . The
St f l o o r areas have c l o s e r f u n c -
jDnal ties w i t h t h e e n t i r e c o m p l e x ,
th l o o p c i r c u l a t i o n c o n n e c t i n g all
|ements. They house specialized
a c h i n g a n d s e r v i c e areas such as
op, h o m e m a k i n g , business a n d
ience. The second floor contains
e r e g u l a r a n d special c l a s s r o o m s
the h o u s e . T h e s e i n c l u d e s t u d y
eas, c o u n s e l l i n g and teacher of-
es, c o n f e r e n c e space, and a d i n -
g-social area s e r v e d by t h e c e n t r a l
Itchen.
T h e first stage o f c o n s t r u c t i o n ,
o w n h e r e , i n c l u d e s t h r e e o f the
i u s e s , science r o o m s , audio-visual
oms, resource center, administra-
n, g y m a n d h e a t i n g p l a n t . A
jrth " h o u s e " unit, p o o l , a u d i t o r i -
| i a n d arts and crafts w i n g w i l l b e
d e d later.

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 185

A gym initiates master plan to expand an old school
Although this is a school serving a rural county, its expansion
problems and trend towards more c o m m u n i t y use of its facili-
ties are parallel to those of its urban counterparts. As architects
Cross and Adreon comment, "existing on the site is ' O l d M a i n ' ,
a hoary brick building of imposing mass, and three disorgan-
ized additive buildings. The gymnasium illustrated is the first
element in a new master plan for expansion. It is placed to the
rear, on axis, and at a distance from ' O l d M a i n ' . Future and ex-
isting buildings between w i l l be organized and tied in by a
'Main Street' element. The heavy traffic on the fronting high-
way led to reversing the approach to the school, so that a new
bus shelter flanking the gym focuses attention on what w i l l
eventually be a formal entrance court for the night use.
"As the building's concept anticipated much civic and rec-
186 A R C H I T E C T U R A L RECORD October7967
reational night use, effort went into making the gym festiv|
and inviting; the building shifts from a solid in the daytin
to a floating lantern at dusk, with its visible and illuminate
occupants giving it extraordinary life. The daytime interiol
with patterns of light streaming in through the gray-glaze|
corners, is cheerful and bright enough to use w i t h a minimui
of artificial light." The frank, economical expression of t^
gym structure has produced an interesting architectural desigr
it was recently given an award of excellence by the Americi
Institute of Steel Construction.
W A S H I N G T O N & LEE H I G H S C H O O L G Y M N A S I U M , M o n t r o s s , V i r g i n i
A r c h i t e c t s : S t e v e n s o n Flemer, Eason Cross, Harry Adreon, Associate Arc/J
t e c t s ; s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e r : Milton A. Curewitz Associates; c o n t r a c t o r : L.
Mitchell.
MAIN SCHOOL

In the n e w master p l a n t o e x p a n d t h e
e x i s t i n g s c h o o l , t h e g y m is p l a c e d at
t h e t r a n s i t i o n p o i n t b e t w e e n class-
r o o m s a n d p l a y i n g f i e l d s . A s l o p e in
the ground level permits direct
e n t r a n c e s to each f l o o r of t h e b u i l d -
ing. It was d e s i g n e d as a s m a l l
" c o l i s e u m " suitable for basketball
tournaments, graduation exercises,
dances, lectures—or any group
c o m m u n i t y use b u t t h e a t e r . T h e
o v e r h a n g i n g stands o f f i x e d seats,
reportedly built at one-fourth the
cost of movable stands, gives the
b u i l d i n g its special character.
T h e steel s t r u c t u r e has r o o f
d e c k i n g a n d i n t e r i o r walls o f r o u g h -
s a w n s o u t h e r n p i n e car d e c k i n g ; ex-
t e r i o r r o o f i n g a n d s i d i n g are l e r n e ,
w h i c h recalls t h e m e t a l r o o f i n g o f
the old school, w h i l e a brick plinth
repeats t h e e x i s t i n g w a l l s . Precast
c o n c r e t e planks s u p p o r t t h e g y m
floor.

Bin.
 H

LIBRARY

New construction will enclose a

court at the first floor and give
n e e d e d e x t r a space a n d b e t t e r c i r c u -
lation between three sub-schools
and common facilities. If budget
p e r m i t s , p a r t o f the s i t e w o u l d have
a concrete deck, and the exterior
new w i n d o w and spandrel arrange-
ments. All mechanical systems are
to be i m p r o v e d .

Renovation scheme adapts old school for future

Recent winner of a New York City competition for the conver-
sion of Joseph H. Wade j u n i o r High School (P.S. N o . 1 1 7 —
Bronx) to house an up-to-date intermediate school, Frederick
G. Frost Jr. and Associates came up w i t h the highly innovative
yet budget-conscious thinking in the scheme shown here. The
competition was sponsored by the Board of Education of the
City of New York, in cooperation w i t h the Research Council of
the Great Cities Program for School Improvement. In addition
to a money award, the first prize included the architectural
contract for the modernization project. The competition was
held as part of the Great Cities' " N e w Life for O l d Schools"
study under a grant from the Educational Facilities Laboratories.
The existing school is of that typical solid, stolid b u i l d i n g
type, w i t h a double-loaded classroom, U-shaped plan, that
pervades our cities from coast-to-coast. In their approach to i
conversion, Frederick G. Frost Jr. & Associates came to a s e r i ^
of general and specific conclusions: " W h e n a structure is desi
nated for renovation, the extent of work to be done must, I
necessity, become a matter of compromise between the ideJ
solution for the given set of requirements, and the funds aval
able. A priority scale must be established; existing arei
adapted for future use as much as possible; new construction
added to be used for new types of spaces where increased a r ^
can be justified. . . . The primary aim in renovating schools
to create conditions enabling future developments in thl
philosophy of teaching and study . . . and to permit f l e x i b i l i t f
blocks of spaces free of shafts, stairs and toilets must
created, with movable partitions, furniture and storage unitsl

188 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

T FIRST FLOOR PLAN A SECTION THROUGH AUDITORIUM

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 189


Schools can be interwoven into fabric of new towns
" I f new towns are to be built from scratch, why should they
be inhibited w i t h old concepts of education?" This challeng-
ing question formed the basis for Rice Design Fete IV, a re-
search-oriented w o r k conference held in Houston in June.
From all over the U.S., six teams of architects, educators,
consultants, and students of 12 schools of architecture came to
design new systems of education and new facilities to house
such systems. The project was sponsored by the Ford Founda-
tion's Educational Facilities Laboratories, and held under the
direction of Professor William T. Cannady. The six teams, each
of which developed its o w n separate project, were headed by
architects Charles Colbert, Paul Kennon, Niklaus Morgenthaler,
Cedric Price, Robert Venturi and Thomas Vreeland.
The concepts developed by the different teams proved as
190 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967
McCracken & Peel pi
uninhibited as the basic programatic question—which w
augmented by such queries as " W h y must new towns l |
bound to the formerly inviolable limits of education—to trac
tional and arbitrary delineations of elementary schools,
junior and senior high schools, to education that is restrict*
by the framework of the school, the hour of the day, the age
the student?" The responses tended to weave education,
more or less packaged lessons, into all facets of daily life, pai
of t o w n , and time of day. Colbert's team developed a sort
space-helmet "shoulder carrel" to receive audio-visual coi
munications; Price and Vreeland used portable and demour
able units, signs and busses; the most architectural of the a|
proaches (shown here) were those of Kennon, w i t h "a me J
b u i l d i n g " , and Venturi, with "a mini-structure."
Robert Venturi's scheme for n e w
Education for a new t o w n forms a
ort of all-purpose shopping center
trip—for goods or learning. The
o m m u n i t y is a series o f s m a l l t o w n s
n k e d by a central expressway
a n k e d by all s c h o o l s , s h o p s a n d
ffices. T h e s c h o o l s , f r o m " s e r v i c e
t a t i o n s " to " c i t y c e n t e r s " are d e -
c r i b e d as " m i n i - v e r s i o n s " o f c o m -
mercial facilities.
Entr
Entr

f—t
E
A

Resources

S e m i n a r Spaces

LRC N e i g h b o r h o o d L e a r n i n g Resource Center TLRC T o w n L e a r n i n g Resource Center

Resource Check-in Area
B i g Alcoves
Carrels

Computer-assisted Learning Carrels

for 1 to 3 Students J M e e t i n g Room
K W o r k Room
M e d i u m Alcoves
L Lounge
TPC: T e a c h e r s ' P l a n n i n g and
C o n f e r e n c e Room K / M U t i l i t y Core
N Computer-based Learning Carrels
Niches
E d u c a t i o n A r c a d e — o p e n 24 h o u r s
C o m p u t e r - a s s i s t e d A d u l t R e a d i n g / l i s t e n i n g Alcoves N e i g h b o r h o o d E d u c a t i o n a l Service S t a t i o n

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 191

Paul K e n n o n also d r a w s p a r a l l e l s
from shopping centers for his
s c h e m e f o r l e a r n i n g in a n e w t o w n ,
but f r o m today's " s u p e r s h o p p i n g
m a l l s " instead o f the s h o p p i n g s t r i p .
All educational facilities, from child
care c e n t e r s t h r o u g h u n i v e r s i t y a n d
continuing adult education, are
mixed together through scramble
z o n i n g w i t h shops, f a c t o r i e s a n d
c o m m u n i t y facilities to f o r m a h i g h -
ly o r d e r e d " m e g a - s t r u c t u r e " . This
grand mix w o u l d occupy the upper
l e v e l o f an " e d u c a t i o n c o n c o u r s e "
s p i n e m e a n d e r i n g t h r o u g h the t o w n .
Services a n d t r a n s p o r t access w o u l d
be o n a l o w e r level—and even here
one w o u l d be tempted to delve into
a l i t t l e l e a r n i n g . T h e use o f s m a l l
"computerized carrel cars" for
transportation w o u l d " a l l o w citi-
zens o f all ages to learn w h i l e in
t r a n s i t " , o r g a t h e r at c e n t e r s p u n c t u -
ating the concourse.

192 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
SPECIAL REPORT N O . 4

Noise control in architecture:

more engineering than art
in t h e s h o r t span o f 20 years, a r c h i t e c t u r a l acoustics has b e c o m e an i m p o r t a n t
d i s c i p l i n e in t h e b u i l d i n g f i e l d . A n d d u r i n g t h a t t i m e o n e aspect o f a r c h i t e c t u r a l
a c o u s t i c s — c o n t r o l o f n o i s e — h a s b e c o m e s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o r e i m p o r t a n t in t h e
d e s i g n o f e v e r y t y p e of b u i l d i n g , f r o m t h e s m a l l h o u s e t o t h e tallest skyscraper.
C o n t r o l o f noise has b e c o m e m o r e i m p o r t a n t f o r a series o f reasons:
T h e r e are m o r e n o i s e sources. A l l o f us are m o r e c o n s c i o u s o f noise. W e are
n o w in a p o s i t i o n t o d o m o r e a b o u t n o i s e . T h e reason is t h a t t h e p r o b l e m s o f
n o i s e , c o m p o u n d e d by t h e i n c r e a s i n g c o m p l e x i t i e s o f i n t e r i o r space a n d t h e
use o f l i g h t e r - w e i g h t c o n s t r u c t i o n s , h a v e c a u s e d physicists, a c o u s t i c a l e n g i -
neers a n d p s y c h o l o g i s t s t o s t u d y w h i c h k i n d s o f s o u n d s are a n n o y i n g , a n d h o w
these s o u n d s can m o s t p r a c t i c a l l y be r e d u c e d in level o r i s o l a t e d . Further,
e n g i n e e r i n g studies have l e d t o n e w t o o l s f o r d e s i g n w h i c h are m u c h more
a c c u r a t e in p r e d i c t i n g noise effects.
i r b o r n e s o u n d is r e d u c e d in i n t e n s i t y by the
lass and d a m p i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a w a l l . W h i l e m o s t a r c h i t e c t s a n d e n g i n e e r s n e e d n o t g e t i n v o l v e d in t h e v e r y
c o m p l e x analyses o f noise a n d its c o n t r o l , a basic g r o u n d i n g in the n e w c o n -
cepts o f noise c o n t r o l a n d t h e d e s i g n t e c h n i q u e s a v a i l a b l e w i l l h e l p t h e m m o r e
r e a d i l y a n t i c i p a t e noise p r o b l e m s , " d e s i g n o u t " s o m e o f these p r o b l e m s in t h e
v e r y e a r l y stages, w o r k m o r e e f f e c t i v e l y w i t h a c o u s t i c a l c o n s u l t a n t s , and—
p e r h a p s m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a l l — h e l p t h e m w o r k w i t h c l i e n t s in d e v e l o p i n g an
a c c e p t a b l e s t a n d a r d o f n o i s e c o n t r o l t o w o r k t o w a r d s in t h e b u i l d i n g d e s i g n .
For, as in m o s t t h i n g s , t h e b e n e f i t s o f g r e a t e r a n d g r e a t e r n o i s e c o n t r o l m u s t be
b a l a n c e d against costs.
Jrhe structure of a building will conduct and
a d i a t e s o u n d i n d u c e d by v i b r a t i o n or i m p a c t .
Noise is defined as any undesired sound. construction practices—use of lighter-
Sound is noise only when it disturbs or weight materials, for example—poten-
annoys people, or, in some cases, creates tially make noise more audible.
a physical hazard, and can range from the Fortunately, we know what to do to
barely perceptible drip of a faucet to the control noise. The techniques and ma-
roar of a jet engine. Most noise is not terials are available. If, for instance, the
physically harmful in the sense of dam- architect designing an apartment b u i l d -
age to the ears, causing loss of hearing. It ing follows good practice recommenda-
is said that sound levels below 85 deci- tions of acousticians in regard to wall
bels (db) for long exposures should not and floor constructions and mechanical
cause deafness. But sound-pressure levels equipment and plumbing, and uses c o m -
•egree o f r o o m r e v e r b e r a t i o n is d e t e r m i n e d by
) o m v o l u m e a n d the a m o u n t o f a b s o r p t i o n . in excess of 135 db, even for short pe- mon-sense planning in regard to room
riods, may cause permanent impairment layout and door and w i n d o w location,
of hearing. he will have done his best to avoid tenant
Obviously, noise has always been dissatisfaction.
w i t h us in some form or other. The differ- But, by the same token, there are
ence between today and yesterday is a good many aspects to noise control in
that there are n o w many more sources commercial and institutional buildings—
of noise—such as mechanical equipment, and analysis for noise control may not
business machines, etc.—and current be simple. W h e n it comes to a building

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 193

"Unwanted sounds should be isolated by appropriate such as a large high school, the noise
control problem is a great deal more
constructions; and background noise should not intrude" complex because of the much wider
range of activities, and the w i d e variety
of ways in which the various activity
spaces may be arranged.
By and large, the more gross viola-
tions are now being corrected as a re-
sult of adverse consumer reaction, or
through such regulatory devices as FHA
M i n i m u m Property Requirements and
codes such as New York City's proposed
building code.

The beginnings of noise control:

a study of reverberation
Noise control is fairly young as an en-
gineering science. The transition from art
to engineering science began just be-
fore W o r l d War II. In the beginning, and
unfortunately even not too long ago,
room acoustics was generally referred to
as "acoustical correction," because this
h o w it all started. Wallace Sabine, in his
renowned w o r k at the turn of the century
in the lecture hall of the Fogg Museum
at Harvard, developed his classic formula
for sound absorption. The condition
there was that the room was too
" b o o m y " for speech and required sound
absorption to reduce the reverberation
time. Thus in the early days, absorptive
materials were applied to large spaces
A i r b o r n e n o i s e can b e a t t e n u a t e d b y e i t h e r heavy or l i g h t w e i g h t c o n s t r u c -
t i o n s . 1 . T h e h e a v i e r a h o m o g e n o u s w a l l , g e n e r a l l y t h e m o r e e f f e c t i v e its such as lecture halls and courtrooms to
s o u n d i s o l a t i o n ; h o w e v e r , d o u b l i n g t h e w e i g h t increases t r a n s m i s s i o n loss reduce the reverberation so that people
by o n l y a b o u t 6 d b . 2. R e s i l i e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n h e l p s r e d u c e s o u n d , such as could hear better. (Frequently this was
r e s i l i e n t b a c k i n g b e h i n d g y p s u m b o a r d o r a t t a c h m e n t by r e s i l i e n t c l i p s o r
done to excess in the '30's.) Otherwise
c h a n n e l s . 3. D i s c o n t i n o u s c o n s t r u c t i o n breaks t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n p a t h .
4. S o u n d - a b s o r b i n g b l a n k e t s p l u s s p i l t studs gives a 9 d b i m p r o v e m e n t
overlapping of speech sounds resulted in
over a c o n v e n t i o n a l stud and gypsum board p a r t i t i o n . inferior intelligibility. After that, sound-
absorptive materials (commonly referred
to as acoustical materials) were em-
ployed to reduce noise levels w i t h i n
Impact sound is a t t e n u a t e d by r e s i l i e n t m a t e r i a l s and c o n s t r u c t i o n s . 5.
C a r p e t i n g is m o s t e f f e c t i v e w h e n u n d e r l a i d w i t h a f e l t p a d . 6, 7. R e s i l i e n t rooms—to take the edge off noise caused
f l o o r u n d e r l a y m e n t or a t t a c h m e n t o f g y p s u m b o a r d c e i l i n g by m e a n s o f by voices, typewriters and footfalls.
resilient clips offer slight i m p r o v e m e n t s over standard w o o d joist f l o o r .
8. By c u r r e n t test s t a n d a r d s , o n e o f t h e m o s t e f f e c t i v e f l o o r s f o r impact
comprises resilient floor underlayment, fibrous blanket insulation and
First, design the room itself
resilient ceiling attachment. for good hearing conditions
The basic goal in room acoustics is to
preserve the sounds we want to hear
and to exclude those we don't want to
hear. W e will be concerned in this ar-
ticle w i t h work and living spaces such
as offices, classrooms and apartments—
large auditoriums for lecture and music
and factory spaces are special engineer-
ing problems beyond the scope of any|
single study.
Before any consideration is given
to the possibility of intruding sources
of noise, the designer must first concern
himself with whether the room surfaces
— a n d to some extent the room s h a p e -
comprise a suitable acoustic environ-1
ment for the activities that w i l l occur i n |
the room. In other words, neglecting the
possibility of external noise, will we have
o p t i m u m hearing conditions for speechj
music, or whatever sounds we wish tc
hear? As has been pointed out by New-

194 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 Typing office
s *
medium-dead
Private office
medium ~ 10.000

I Conference room
medium-live
2
Classrooms
elementary
medium-dead
high school
medium
I Band room —

medium-dead

4 6 8 2
lOHOOO
ROOM V O L U M E - C U B I C FEET

Tnount of absorption required for rooms

om little to considerable reverberation

10 20 30
DISTANCE F R O M S O U R C E IN F E E T

coustical materials o n the walls in addition to

e c e i l i n g d e c r e a s e relative loudness of back
| r o u n d noise o v e r c e i l i n g a l o n e in a general
ffice such as used for typing.

15
14
13
12
ALL REFLECTIVE
I .^11
10
9
8
7 :i-uiH c m r i
6
5
4
' D I R E C T S O U N D 0I L T
i ACOUSTICAL C E I L I K '
? CLUb 1 10 l A L L S

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

0 5 10 20 OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCIES IN CYCLES PER SECOND
DISTANCE FROM S O U R C E IN F E E T
irmissible b a c k g r o u n d criteria can be specified by means of tnese noise-
nail private criterion curves. They have been d e r i v e d from field studies of s p e e c h
adding absorption to t w o walls. interference levels (represented by the N C n u m b e r s listed on the curves.)

an and Cavanaugh*, . . it may be source is stopped.) Recording and broad- used to prevent echoes, if these cannot
easant to go from a reverberant space cast studios for speech require the short- otherwise be avoided by proper shaping
here this quality adds a sense of m o n - est reverberation times—0.5 seconds, on and disposition of surfaces and to pre-
lentality, to a dead space where per- the average, for the mid-frequency range vent flutter in narrow rooms w i t h parallel
ps communication is important, or of 500-1,000 cps. Classrooms should have walls normally having hard surfaces.
here one may merely wish t o sit d o w n a Tr of no less than 0.5 sec. and no
d read, or experience a feeling of en- more than 1.0 sec. Lecture and confer- Noise control
osure and q u i e t . . ." These authors list ence rooms might take a m i n i m u m of in rooms for speech
e f o l l o w i n g attributes for an environ- 0.6 sec. and a maximum of 1.4 sec. Re- Generally small rooms will be suitable
ent which is to have good hearing con- verberation time is directly proportional for speech if the ceiling is treated w i t h
tions: 1) it should be quiet; 2) desired to the volume of the room and inversely conventional acoustical materials, or if
unds must be sufficiently l o u d ; 3) proportional to the absorption. The the room is carpeted or fitted w i t h heavy
unds must be well distributed through- formula is: T r = 0 . 5 J , where V is the drapes. For example, a 20 f t by 30 f t class-
it the r o o m ; and 4) the reverberation volume of the room in cubic feet and A room w i l l have an Tr of approximately
J n e (Tr) must be long enough to give is the absorption in sabins. A = t h e sum 0.5 sec. if the ceiling is completely
oper blending of sounds, but short of Sitt, 4 - S.,a, + $303 . . . where Si is the covered w i t h an acoustical tile having
ough so that here is no excessive over- area of the surface whose absorption a noise reduction coefficient of 0.75.
Dping and confusion. (Reverberation coefficient is " i , So is the area of the sur- A c o m m o n misunderstanding is that
ne is the time in seconds for the sound face whose absorption coefficent is a.^, acoustical materials, themselves, reduce
B^el to drop 60 db after the sound etc. noise levels by a large amount. W h i l e
'ime-Saver Standards, fourth e d i t i o n , M c G r a w - In addition to reducing the rever- one may get between 5 and 10 db of
II Book C o m p a n y , 1966 beration time, absorptive materials are noise reduction by adding absorption to

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD Ocfoben967 195

 A, POROUS C. V O L U M E RESONATOR

-I \ 1 T - -I r
CPS 125 250 500 1000 2000 1000 2000

THIN POROUS MATERIAL

^ 4

CPS 125 250 500 1000 2000

THICK POROUS MATERIAL OR THIN MATERIAL WITH AIRSPACE

The range of s o u n d - a b s o r b i n g t e c h n i q u e s is
lustrated in the sections, with resulting per
1000
f o r m a n c e in the graphs. T y p i c a l m a n u f a c t u r e ( |
acoustical materials (tile and panels) have tht
POROUS MATERIAL WITH PROTECTIVE PERFORATED FACING characteristics s h o w n for "thin porous mate
r i a l . " T h e y are m o r e effective at the highe
f r e q u e n c i e s . Providing an air s p a c e b e h i n d
thin porous material increases l o w - f r e q u e n c j
B. VIBRATING PANEL
absorption. A perforated facing in front of p o r l
ous material (say 1 in. fiber glass) will r e f l e c l
higher f r e q u e n c i e s , but this d e p e n d s d i m e n s i o n ^
of the solid area. If the s p a c e b e t w e e n holes
1 in., f r e q u e n c i e s above 13,000 cps w o u l d b^

r
reflected. Large panels are good l o w frequency
absorbers. T h e v o l u m e resonator s h o w n has
n a r r o w - b a n d absorption. In a large c o n f e r e n c e
room w h e r e only natural v o i c e is to be u s e d f
it is good practice to leave the c e n t e r of t h (
c e i l i n g hard to reflect the sounds of s p e a k e j
1 T -
voices.
CPS 125 250 2000

a room, it is very difficult to get more should be treated w i t h absorptive mate- er noise may be objectionable if it inter]
than 10 db. In the 20 ft by 30 ft classroom rial to prevent the possibility of echoes. feres with speech, or if the noise hj
mentioned, adding the acoustical tile to If we assume that the room interior noticeable pure tones in its spectrum—|
the ceiling of the otherwise hard-sur- has been designed properly for good a high-pitched whistle, for exampl(
faced room will effect a noise reduction hearing conditions, then the t w o other w o u l d be annoying.
of 4 db. An indication of what this means conditions that have to be satisfied are: The limitation on background noisj
subjectively is given by the f o l l o w i n g : a 1) the background noise level has to be for average conditions in typical spacel
3-db change in level is barely percep- low enough and of such character as to are prescribed by reference to a series o l
tible; a 5-db change is perceptible; a 7- not interfere w i t h desired sounds, and 2) noise criterion curves developed by Le(
db change is clearly perceptible; a 10-db the transmission of sound, either air- Beranek on the basis of statistical studiel
reduction w o u l d seem half as loud. borne or structure-borne from surround- of office workers. Noise ratings made b
In some rooms, such as long confer- ing spaces, should not either interfere office workers were plotted agains
ence rooms and lecture rooms in which w i t h the hearing of desired sounds or speech interference levels and loudnesj
only natural voice is used, it is desirable cause annoyance due to its informational levels. Spaces involved included execi
to leave the center portion of the ceiling content. tive offices and conference rooms on th
a hard surface so that it w i l l reflect back Background sounds such as distant one hand, and stenographic pools an
d o w n to listeners. Absorptive material traffic, the blur of voices, or the whoosh large drafting rooms on the other. Th
could be used around the perimeter of of an air diffuser may be acceptable resulting speech interference level an
the ceiling and at the tops of the walls. background noises because they are not loudness level criteria were then tran;
Additional absorption can be obtained intruding sounds, unless they are loud lated into a series of noise-criterioi
through carpeting and drapes. In lecture enough to interfere with conversation or curves, NC-20 to NC-70. These curve
rooms more than 40 ft long, the end wall otherwise are unduly distracting. Diffus- take into account both the sound prej

196 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

'Unwanted sounds can be shut out by means of sound bar-
iers^and masked to varying degrees by background noise/'
lure levels that interfere w i t h speech
md variation of ear response w i t h fre-
:iuency. (A 20-db sound at 1,000 cps
vould be equal in loudness to a 40-db
o u n d at 200 cps.)
The NC numbers themselves repre-
ent speech-interference levels. The
peech-interference level (SIL) is the
rithmetic average of the readings in
lecibels in the three-octave frequency
>ands 600-1,200, 1,200-2,400, and 2,400-
,800. The resulting number in decibels
Is thus a guide to the interference of
loise on speech since these represent the
requencies most important to speech
rticulation.
While it is feasible to exclude exter-
lal sounds from a space to the extent
hat these sounds will be imperceptible
D occupants, this degree of sound isola-
on generally is not only impractical, but
so unnecessary. For example, most of
he time speech sounds do not need to
e reduced to inaudibility, but rather to
ie extent that, say, only 5 per cent or
ss of the words are understandable. In
ddition to the attenuation of sound
hrough the room enclosure, there is the
Dom background noise which w i l l help
lask speech sounds that do get through.
^hat kinds of sound
other people?
n acoustical environment can be de-
gned far more precisely for a machine
Jian for a human being. Parameters for
machine, such as sound levels and v i -
ration, can be accurately specified. Not
\) for people, although statistical sam-
ling allows prediction of degree of
|itisfaction fairly reliably in some areas
f use—rooms for speech, for example.
I n the one hand, people want to be able
) converse comfortably in the room they
ccupy. O n the other hand they don't
ant to hear what people in adjacent
fcoms are saying (and they don't want
leople in adjacent rooms to hear what
|iey are saying).
Much of the time it is the intelli-
fence that sounds convey that is bother-
pme to people. This may range from the
telligibility of neighbors voices, to the
|Dise of a flushing toilet, to the partic-
ar clicking noise of an identifiable per-
t n ' s heels.
Thus, the most difficult aspect of
oustical design for noise control is in
ticipating and determining what kind
sounds are most likely to be annoying
| i d what degree of satisfaction is de-
anded by the client.
Design for good hearing conditions
S p e e c h articulation
this graph, developed
is represented by dots on
by Bolt, Beranek and
N e w m a n as part of their s p e e c h privacy studies.
The " N " n u m b e r (noise reduction rating) is
d e t e r m i n e d by placing transmission loss c u r v e
for a particular wall so that o n l y 10 dots s h o w
above the line. This represents 0.05 articulation,
or 80 per cent satisfaction.
in ordinary rooms is straight-forward and
easily accomplished if several parameters
can be pinned down—such as the noise
levels of activities in adjacent spaces and
the background noise level to be antici-
pated in the room itself—which o r d i -
narily will be that due to traffic, air dif-
fusers, lighting ballasts and the like.
Background noise
can have plus values
Much of the time it is desirable to have
a steady background noise to mask dis-
tracting sounds originating in the room.
Background noise is useful in still another
respect—it can mask sounds transmitted
through the room enclosure. In effect,
this means that, w i t h a permissible level
of background noise, the room-enclos-
ing elements can be less effective as W i t h the BBN speech privacy analysis, the back-
sound isolators by the amount of back- ground noise rating is found by placing curve
of this noise (in this case of a diffuser) so that
ground noise allowed. Thus: If the m i n i -
it matches a line c o r r e s p o n d i n g to N (normal),
m u m background noise to be expected in L (low), M (mid-) or H (high) f r e q u e n c y . Rat-
a space is 35 db at 500 cps and the ing is at arrow.
activity in the adjacent room is produc-
ing 77 db at 500 cps, the wall separating
the t w o spaces need have a transmission
loss of not less than 77 minus 35 or 42 db
at 500 cps.
Sound between spaces
follows the "weakest link"
All routes that sound might take to enter
one room from another must present the
same or more resistance to the passage
of sound than the principal route. The
alternate routes are called " f l a n k i n g "
paths. Thus if the partition between t w o
rooms must have a transmission loss of
40 db at a given frequency, then the path
through the ceiling of the room w h i c h
has the sound generator d o w n through
the ceiling of the room w h i c h is the To d e t e r m i n e degree of satisfaction, n u m b e r s
are totaled for r o o m floor area, loudness of
sound receiver must also have a trans-
s p e e c h , b a c k g r o u n d noise rating, wall noise
mission loss of no less than 40 db if the rating and client's privacy requirement.
partition is not be short-circuited.
SOURCE ROOM
^00 400 too liOO _
The above examples do not actually a. FLOOR AREA
give the true noise reduction (NR) be- LOUD lAKEO CMKHSATIOI
b SPEECH U S E
tween t w o spaces because the absorp- 2 DIFFUSER NOISE RATINC
tion of the receiving room has not been i NOISE REDUCTION RATINC
taken into account. If the rooms in ques- 4 PRIVACY REOUIRENENT
S
tion were, say, 20 ft by 30 ft classrooms, TOTALS
chances are the noise reduction (NR) be-
tween the classrooms employing a 40-db SERIOUS IN)
DISSATISFACTION
partition w o u l d be about 42 db.
STRONG
DISSATISFACTION
How valid is the attempt to reduce
TL values to single-number ratings? MODERATE
DISSATISFACTION
As has already been mentioned, noise
levels can be reduced by enclosing the MILD
noise source w i t h sound-attenuating ma- DISSATISFACTION
terials—in effect placing it in a separate
APPARENT
room. SATISFACTION
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967 197
i..

n 83 125 ?50 500 l« 2000 4000 <00C

THIRD OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY CrCLES PER SECOND

Mass law " s a y s " that transmission loss s h o u l d

vary directly with frequency. But c o i n c i d e n c e
dips (when s o u n d w a v e in air reinforces b e n d -
ing w a v e in the panel) result in m o r e s o u n d
passing through at certain f r e q u e n c i e s than is
indicated by reference to the mass law curve.

SOUID
•i.i(!,«r...,i«
C1*SS (SIC)

SPENDED
The o n e - n u m b e r rating system for transmission CEILING
loss is found by means of the standard curve
s h o w n h e r e . T h e T L curve cannot be m o r e than
8 db b e l o w the standard at any o n e point; the
total deficiency cannot e x c e e d 32 db. T h e re-
sulting n u m b e r (opposite arrow) is the transmis-
sion class.
Flanking paths a r o u n d , o v e r a n d u n d e r a partition can d i m i n i s h its ef-
fectiveness as a s o u n d barrier. Partitions s h o u l d b e kept tight by gasket!
or c a u l k i n g and the joints s h o u l d be s e a l e d to prevent s o u n d from leak-l
ing through cracks. Short-circuiting also is caused by s o u n d leaks through
ducts a n d through s u s p e n d e d ceilings. Acoustical lining of ducts w i l l limi
sound there. C e i l i n g transmission c a n be r e d u c e d by i m p e r v i o u s s h e e j
a b o v e tile, blanket insulation over it o r b y barriers from partition t(|
under side of slab.

/ /. A p p r o x i m a t e transmission loss criteria are given in this graph for office;

of varying degrees of " q u i e t n e s s . "
© ^ NINE FREQUENCY
'^AVERAGE 30
T 1
SOUND TRANSMISSION
( CLASS 50
t
NINE FREQUENCY
^AVERAGE 30
1 1
... / 5OUNO TRANSMISSION
" CLASS !9

12 5 250 500 1000 2000 4000

FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECONDS

T h e error in using o n e - n u m b e r transmission

loss ratings based o n the average of nine fre-
q u e n c i e s is s h o w n . Although both curves w i l l
give an average T L of 30 d b , curve 2 d e e p has
a c o i n c i d e n c e d i p , giving it an S T C of only
19, w h e r e a s c u r v e 1 has an S T C of 30 (see pre-
vious page for definition). THIRD OCTAVE BAND C E N T E R F R E Q U E N C Y IN C Y C L E S P E R S E C O N D

198 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967

Only recently have housing agencies done something
ibout the annoyance of impact noise through floors/'
The standard test for sound trans-
ission loss of building partitions, ASTM
90—66T, requires that the m i n i m u m
nge of measurements be a series of
|Dntiguous third-octave bands w i t h cen-
r frequencies from 125 to 4,000 cps.
he reason for this is that these are the
imary frequencies contributing to
|)eech articulation. Actually frequencies
low 200 cps have virtually no impor-
nce relative to speech.
Until a few years ago, test labora-
ries reported transmission loss of bar-
|ers as single numbers, being comprised
an average of the transmission losses
11 half-octave intervals from 125 cps
4,000 cps. More recently, the 1,414
d 2,828 cps bands were omitted giving
'nine-frequency" average.
Even though a single-number rating
|)viously is much easier to deal w i t h ,
e frequency-averaging approach has a
rious defect: it is possible for t w o dif-
rent constructions to have the same
erage TL loss even though one of the
instructions may have poor perform-
ce at certain critical frequencies.
The reason for this is that stiff con-
uctions—i.e., those w i t h little internal
mping—suffer significant dips in trans-
ssion loss at some frequency ranges,
this dip for a given construction occurs
the same frequency range as the poten-
lly offending noise, the construction
II probably be a poor choice.
In general, the transmission loss of
iven wall increases as the frequency of
; impinging sound increases. Also, in
neral, materials of greater mass pro-
JJe greater isolation than lighter ma-
ials. Stiffness of the more massive ma-
ials may offset the weight advantage
e to dips in the TL curve.
The reason that some materials do
t f o l l o w transmission loss indicated by
|iass l a w " theory is there may be fre-
ency dips due to a phenomenon
o w n as coincidence. The explanation
|as f o l l o w s : The velocity of sound in a
mogenous solid material increases
th frequency. The velocity of sound in
at room temperature is constant.
|here the velocity of sound in the solid
incides w i t h the velocity of the sound
air, there is a coincidence d i p . In
ect, the sound wave in air and the
nding wave of the panel reinforce one
•other, causing a dip in transmission
s which diminishes panel efficacy.
W i t h certain types of materials, co-
idence dip is mitigated by a princi-
! k n o w n as "sound shear." An example
is one type of laminated glass having t w o - T 1 I I I I I I I I
C U R V E S R E C O M M E N D E D
or more thin layers of glass laminated to OR R E Q U I R E D B Y V A R I O U S
EXISTING F O R E I G N C O D E S
interlayers of soft plastic. Because the LIE IN S H A D E D A R E A
stiffness of the laminated glass is con-
siderably reduced from the same thick-
ness of solid glass, the velocity of sound
in the laminated glass may never reach
the velocity of sound in air. Thus if the
sound waves do not coincide, there is no
coincidence dip.
In order to avoid misleading informa- F H A S R E C O M M E N D E D
tion in one-number ratings, a procedure IMPACT
FOR
NOISE C U R V E
F t O O R / C E l L i N C
has been developed which classifies a C O N S T B U C T I O N S
partition according to a sound transmis-
sion class (STC). This procedure takes
account of frequency dips. This is done
by comparing the measured sound trans-
mission loss curve for a construction w i t h
a hypothetical transmission loss curve of 1200 2400 41
a shape roughly similar to the inverse of F R E Q U E N C Y BAND CYCLES PER SECOND
a noise criterion (NC) curve. In rating a
particular construction the STC contour "TT
is shifted vertically relative to the test
curve until the measured TL values fall
below the STC contour to the extent that
the sum of the deviations is not greater
than 32 db and the maximum deviation is
not more than 8 db.
The use of STC numbers for selecting
constructions to resist air-borne sound is
probably acceptable when the poten-
tially offending noise is speech. Obvious-
ly it is risky to employ this procedure if
the sound is a musical instrument or a
hi-fi set, since the frequency content of
these sounds w i l l be above 4,000 cps.
In the old days sound isolation was
provided by the massive construction in
c o m m o n use. Some of the lightweight
constructions used today are very poor
for sound isolation—for example, the FREQUENCY BAND - CYCLES P E R SECOND
standard w o o d stud and gypsum board
partition. But the sound-isolation proper-
T—r
FHA r e c o m m e n d e d an impact noise criterion I
four years ago roughly c o m p a r a b l e to criteria
of s o m e European countries. T h e gray a r e a in
the top curve indicates the range of the foreign
codes. T h e first standard on impact noise was
issued in 1938. This involved the use of a tap-
ping m a c h i n e w h i c h has since been a p p r o v e d by
the Internation Standards O r g a n i z a t i o n . S o m e
acousticians in the U.S. feel that this m a c h i n e ,
though it is the test m e t h o d used to d e t e r m i n e
FHA impact curves and therefore e m p l o y e d by
testing labs h e r e , d o e s not give a true i n d i c a -
tion of the noise caused by heel i m p a c t s — t h e
most prevalent type of a n n o y a n c e d u e to i m -
pact in apartment buildings.
The s e c o n d and third graphs s h o w ratings
for typical floor constructions. T h e s e c o n d graph
shows a standard w o o d floor w h i c h has an i m -
pact noise rating (INR) of —17. T h e third graph
is of a w o o d joist floor c o v e r e d by carpet and a
foam pad. This i m p r o v e m e n t raises the floor to
a -1-5 ratmg.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967 199

0 2 0 5 10 7 0 5 0 10 0
HARD HEEL LOUDNESS - SONES - WOMAN B OftC
The argument against the tapping m a c h i n e as
a p r o p e r test for the impact rating of floors
is illustrated in these two graphs. T h e top graph
shows that for given loudness m e a s u r e m e n t s
(sones) in a test room b e l o w particular floor,
there is a spread ofabout 11 in impact noise rat-
ings. T h e graph b e l o w s h o w s that impact noise
caused by different w o m e n w a l k i n g is s u b -
stantially in the same range. T h e graphs are
from a paper, " I m p a c t - N o i s e Rating of Various
F l o o r s , " by T. M a r i n e r a n d H. W . W . H e h m a n n ,
A r m s t r o n g C o r k C o m p a n y , T h e Journal of the
A c o u s t i c a l Society of A m e r i c a , V o l . 41, No. 1,
January 1967.
The I.S.O. tapping m a c h i n e has five h a m m e r s ,
each d r o p p i n g t w i c e per s e c o n d , giving an over-
all impact repetition rate of 10 per s e c o n d .
200 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c ( o 6 e r 7967
ties can be improved somewhat by
merely staggering the studs so that there
is no through path f r o m wall face to wall
face. The partition can be improved even
further by weaving a fibrous insulation
blanket between the staggered studs.
Use resilient board behind the gypsum
board provides a very good sound-isolat-
ing partition.
The whole is only as good as
the sum of all the parts
The efficacy of a wall for sound attenua-
tion can be considerably compromised
if it is built sloppily or if it has a number
of components such as doors and w i n -
dows of lesser TL performance. For ex-
ample, if a door occupies 20 per cent of
a given wall and the door is 15 db lower
in value than the wall, the effective TL of
the composite wall will be reduced by 8
db. A hole has 0-db TL loss, thus a small
opening can seriously deteriorate the
value of a wall. An Va-in. crack the
length of a 20-ft wall 10 ft high w o u l d
deteriorate a 50-db wall by 20 db. W h i l e
this might at first seem to be extreme, it
is borne out by field experience. For ex-
ample. United States Gypsum Company
has shown that a partition installed care-
fully in the field will have an STC on
the order of 5 db below laboratory test
values; a partition installed routinely will
have an STC from 10 to 15 db below
laboratory test values.
Absorption vs.
attenuation
Earlier, factors were mentioned that
aided sound attenuation through b u i l d -
ing panels. Strangely enough, many
people still believe that a material good
as a sound absorber is effective as a
sound attenuator; whereas, in fact, the
t w o characteristics are contradictory. A
good sound absorber is generally porous,
so that sound can move in and out of the
material and lose some of its energy to
friction, the energy being dissipated as
heat. A sound attenuator, on the other
hand, works either by being i m m o b i l e —
i.e., resisting the vibration of air by virtue
of its mass—or by flexing and taking
energy out of the vibrating air by damp-
ing (friction loss within the material itself)
so that little vibrational energy is trans-
mitted to contiguous components of the
panel. Energy which is conducted can be
further diminished by attaching sheet
materials to structural supports by means
of resilient clips or channels.
Porous sound absorptive materials
are effective at medium to high frequen-
cies, but not at low frequencies. There-
fore, if low-frequency sound absorption
is required it may be obtained by a
vibrating panel or a volume resonator.
This does not mean that a vibrating panel
used as a partition by itself w o u l d be a
good sound attenuator because the
vibration of the panel induced by a sound
source on one side can create sound
waves on the receiving side due to
movement of the panel.
While a porous sound-absorptive
material applied to the surface of a par-
tition does not provide much addec
sound attenuation, sound absorptive ma-
terial placed w i t h i n the partition can im-
prove transmission loss of a partition ap
preciably when the partition faces are
reasonably separated from one another
For example, a couple of inches of blan
ket insulation added to a staggered stuc
partition can improve the sound trans
mission class ofthis partition by a b o u t S d b
The importance of realistic
testing for TL values
Laboratory transmission loss data fo
building components—such as fixed anc
movable partitions—may be misleading
unless the installation of the sampl<
being tested represents field condition
as closely as possible. Laboratory tests o
small panel samples will generally giv^
higher TL values than will be obtainec
in the field. Also if the sample is rigidh
mounted in the lab, when the full-siz
unit is to be only semi-rigidly or resil
iently mounted, as for example a door o
a movable partition, the TL values, agair
will be higher than can be obtained i
the field. Beyond this, all of the com
ponents that are to comprise the parti
tion should be included in the test, no
just a portion of the partition, includin
structural components and gasketing.
addition, some acoustical engineers b(
lieve that NR values should be specifiel
rather than TL values, because the N
value is what actually will be experience
in the listening room, even though th
NR's will seldom be more than ± 5 d |
different than the TL's.
A comprehensive method, and a shol
method for designing for speech priva(|
As we noted earlier, most people (80 p(
cent) feel that their room is private if t l |
articulation index (Al) is below 0.05.
the Al is less than 0.1 speech intelligl
bility is generally low. If the Al is abo\
0.6 intelligibility is high. Essentially, \.\
Al is the ratio of syllables understood oi
of the total uttered. Thus, even thou J
the Al for transmitting is 0.05, s o n ]
speech may still be audible.
Several years ago, Bolt, Beranek ar
Newman, Inc. developed a method fd
selecting building components w h i ( |
w o u l d yield a predetermined degree
speech privacy. This study was sponsore
by Owens-Corning Fiberglas and pul
lished as the Speech Privacy Analyze
Basically, the Analyzer comprised
method for selecting room enclosu|
In the broad effort to fight noise, more attention
s being given noise involved with air conditioning
:omponents given: 1) a particular size of
o o m ; 2) relative loudness of speech; 3)
)acl<ground noise rating of the adjacent
o o m ; and 4) the relative privacy require-
nent. The basic elements of the speech
rivacy study can be used to predesign
oom components for a desired degree
f satisfaction, or to determine probable
^tisfaction based on an already existing
uation—no matter what the construe-
on—as long as the transmission loss
ta of enclosure components is avail-
ble from 200 cps to 4,000 cps and as
f)ng as sound pressure level data is avail-
ble on adjacent room background noise
hether it be from traffic, the air-condi-
oning system or the " b u z z " of people
d equipment in general office space.
While the Speech Privacy Analyzer
its final form was easy to use, its day-
-day utility was diminished by the fact
[lat data for partitions and air-condi-
oning apparatus was limited in scope,
onetheless, it is still possible to employ
he basic approach as outlined in,
Speech Privacy in Buildings," Journal of
le Acoustical Society of America.*
The basic steps in determining
|)eech privacy according to the BBN
ethod are shown in the illustrations on
ge 197. The t w o important things to
termine f r o m acoustical data are: 1)
e noise reduction of the partition (or
ling) in question; and 2) the noise
ting of the background noise. The first
these t w o is determined by laying a
Id of dots on a transparent sheet rep-
senting speech articulation over the
nsmission loss data. The curve is
aced so that only 10 dots show above
e curve, which represents 0.05 speech
culation. The " N " number is then read
the arrow at the left.
The background noise, in this case
air diffuser, is determined by placing
transparent overlay containing four
sic curves for N (normal), L (low), M
d-frequency) or H (high). The back-
| o u n d noise is fitted to the nearest d u -
cate of these curves and the N number
read at the arrow at the left.
Values are selected for source r o o m
or area, speech use and privacy re-
irement. These figures are all added
t ether and the total indicates that
re will probably be mild dissatisfac-
• " S p e e c h Privacy in B u i l d i n g s , " by W . J.
anagh, W . R. Farrell, P. W . Hirtle, and
G . Watters of Bolt, Beranek a n d N e w m a n ,
., T h e Journal of the A c o u s t i c a l Society of
f i e r i c a , V o l . 34, N o . 4, 475-492, A p r i l , 1962.
t R. W . Y o u n g is with the U . S. Naval E l e c -
J n i c s Laboratory. Roger Benasutti and Hale
ine are with O w e n s - C o r n i n g Fiberglas.
tion. The process, of course, could be
worked in reverse.
A less-involved, less-comprehensive
approach has been made for speech
privacy in office buildings. Acoustical en-
gineer Robert W. Young has shown that
the sum of the NR of a partition and the
background noise level, as measured on
the A scale of a sound-level meter, gives
a direct measure of speech privacy. Roger
Benasutti and Hale J. Sabine t extended
this approach even further via a field
survey of sound transmission between
15 pairs of occupied offices. These au-
thors concluded that when speech power
is of a conversational level, a figure of
STC H- dbA = 70 appears adequate to
provide complete speech inaudibility
and a figure of 60 adequate to limit i n -
telligibility to isolated words. For a raised
voice, it was suggested that these figures To avoid the p r o b l e m of noise " c r o s s - c o n t a m i -
be raised to 80 and 70, respectively. n a t i o n , " associated with air return and exhaust,
prefabricated mufflers are available for a p p l i c a -
Benasutti and Sabine also concluded that
tion in ceilings, walls and doors. T h e s e prevent
a noise reduction of 35 STC is the highest s o u n d leaks from room to r o o m .
that is obtained in typical office construc-
tions, using drywall or metal partitions,
suspended integral acoustical ceilings A i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g fans are a s o u r c e of l o w - f r e -
with continuous plenum, and ventila- q u e n c y noise w h i c h is readily transmitted
tion slots opening directly into the through ducts or walls unless it is c o n s i d e r e d
plenum. Higher noise reductions up to in the design. Noise radiating from the fan
housing can be attenuated by h e a v y - e n o u g h
40 STC are obtained w i t h plenum bar- e q u i p m e n t room walls, plus, s o m e t i m e s , o b -
riers, w i t h absorptive blankets over the sorptive material. Fan noise can b e r e d u c e d in
acoustical ceiling, or w i t h ducted ceiling ducts by lining ducts with absorptive material or
openings which are either acoustically by using prefabricated mufflers.
lined or are long and circuitous.
With floors, the attention has turned
to impact noise
In an apartment building it is hard to say
what sources of noise create the greatest
annoyance—air-borne noise such as con-
versation, structure-borne noise such as
that induced by a vibrating fan in direct
contact with a floor, or the impact noise
caused by objects, such as shoe heels, hit-
ting the floor. Earliest attention was given
to the first t w o sources. More recently,
considerable publicity has been given,
and study devoted, to the problem of
impact noise. Actually the problem it-
self is readily solved, in a physical sense.
The seriousness of this problem is
indicated by the fact that FHA has i n -
cluded recommended impact-noise per-
formance ratings in its M i n i m u m Property
Standards. These impact noise ratings are
arrived at by utilizing as an impact noise
source a " s t a n d a r d " hammer machine
approved by the International Standards
Organization. This machine utilizes five
drop hammers, each weighing 500 g, and
each dropping 4 cm twice per second,
giving an over-all impact rate of 10 per
"The new techniques for sound isolation are being rapidly assimilated.'

sec. The FHA impact noise rating (INR) is

determined by comparing the sound
pressure level of the impact noise in the
room below w i t h a specified requirement
curve.
The difficulty is that the ISO impact
hammer device is by no means univer-
sally accepted by acousticians as the
proper approach to measuring impact
noise. Some acousticians, among them
Tom Mariner of Armstrong Cork C o m -
pany, state that the ISO tapping machine
does not come close to simulating the
impact noise produced by a woman's
sharp heels striking the floor. To prove it.
Mariner and his associates compared
computed loudness of transmitted walk-
ing noise w i t h impact noise ratings of
floors, based on the ISO standard tapping
machine. They showed that, "a particular
loudness of footfall noise can be ob-
tained f r o m floors differing by 11.5 units
in INR; or, conversely, floors having the
same INR may differ in loudness by a fac-
tor of almost four. Mariner believes that
impact-noise-rating methods based on a TYPICAL 4 ' / 8 " CORRIDOR WALL
hammer machine will fail to represent the
relative merits of floor-ceiling systems for
t w o reasons: 1) the impact produced by T h e s e are an architect's actual partition details for a multi-story apart-
the hammer machine is much more se- m e n t b u i l d i n g in C h i c a g o . Note that c a u l k i n g is indicated for application
vere than that of footfalls; and 2) many under each sheet of the bottom e d g e of gypsum board, and also next
floor-ceiling systems are mechanically to the c h a n n e l at the c e i l i n g . Reason given for the two caulking beads
at the bottom is to " d e c o u p l e " the gypsum board from the floor s l a b —
non-linear in response, i.e., it is not pos-
although the primary p u r p o s e of the c a u l k i n g is to avoid cracks, a n d , thus,
sible generally to compute the unknown s o u n d leaks.
response of a floor to walking from the
known response of the hammer machine.
Actually, the hammer machine was first
used for subjective evaluation of noise
produced by impact. But then in the late
30's, when a German standard on impact
noise was issued, it was necessary to have
hammer impacts loud enough to produce
an easily measurable continuous noise.
Also, harder impacts were used to get
readings under " g o o d " floors. But n o w
better instrumentation is available such
that the need for hard impacts from the
tapping machine w o u l d seem to be no
longer needed.

Thus for the last t w o years A r m -

strong Cork Company has been sponsor-
ing research by Bolt, Beranek and New-
man, Inc. which is expected to "lead to
a test method which more accurately d u -
Left: W a l l construction here uses resili
plicated the sounds of actual footsteps."
channels to support gypsum board and
a 1V2-in. sound blanket. T h e S T C is
Check the air-conditioning system A b o v e : G y p s u m board ceilings suspend}
for potential noise problems by resilient runners attached to the joi
helps cut impact noise. S T C is 45 or bet
The tremendous expansion of mechani- d e p e n d i n g on flooring. Right: This is a p
cal equipment to serve the needs of air tition of staggered w o o d studs with a b l ^
conditioning has brought w i t h it its share ket of fiber glass i n t e r w o v e n . T h e S T C
of noise control problems, both air-borne such construction is 49.

202 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 and structure-borne. Some of these are
r A N D A R D A C O U S T I C A L TESTS relatively simply solved; others demand a
S o u n d A b s o r p t i o n of A c o u s t i c a l Materials.
rather sophisticated degree of engineer-
|^merican Society for Testing Materials
S T M C423-66).
ing knowledge, particularly in the area of
S o u n d Transmission Loss of B u i l d i n g Par- vibration isolation.
tions. (ASTM E90-66T). The prime sources of air-borne noise
Ceiling Attenuation Factor (Acoustical
in air-conditioning systems are fans, duct
Haterials Association AMA-I-ll-1963).
Field and Laboratory Measurements of
turbulence, air control devices and out-
r-Borne a n d I m p a c t S o u n d T r a n s m i s s i o n , lets. Other components such as pumps,
nternational Standards O r g a n i z a t i o n I S O compressors, refrigeration machines and
•140). cooling towers also produce air-borne
Measurement of S o u n d Power Radiated
noise. For all but the latter, vibration w i l l
o m H e a t i n g , Refrigerating and A i r - C o n d i -
| o n i n g E q u i p m e n t . ( A m e r i c a n Society of ordinarily be more of a problem than air-
eating. Refrigerating a n d A i r - C o n d i t t o n i n g borne noise, because these components
t i R i n e e r s A S H R A E 36-62). are generally housed in an equipment
M e t h o d of D e t e r m i n i n g S o u n d P o w e r
room that has fairly massive walls.
vels of R o o m A i r C o n d i t i o n e r s and other
uctless Through-the-Wall Equipment.
Duct-borne fan noise can be re-
S H R A E 36A-63). duced—if natural losses are not sufficient
M e t h o d of T e s t i n g for Rating the A c o u s t i c — b y employing a duct lining of absorp-
rformance of A i r C o n t r o l and T e r m i n a l tive material or through the use of pack-
^vices and Similar Equipment. (ASHRAE
aged duct mufflers.
B-63).
M e a s u r e m e n t of R o o m - t o - R o o m S o u n d Turbulence noise in ducts results
ansmission T h r o u g h Plenum A i r Systems from high air velocities and sharp
r Diffusion C o u n c i l A D - 6 3 ) . changes in air flow direction. Velocities
I C O U S T I C A L LABORATORIES in the neighborhood of 3,000 fpm can Test lab used for m e a s u r i n g trans-
e f o l l o w i n g i n d e p e n d e n t laboratories pro-
create serious noise problems if the duct- mission loss of walls. M i c r o p h o n e
§ : J g acoustical testing services. T h e n u m b e r s
work is run directly above a lightweight oscillates to get average reading in
hind the organization n a m e s indicate
the r o o m . In this photo o p e r a b l e
lich of the a b o v e tests they p e r f o r m : ceiling; and velocities of 2,000 fpm can
partition is s h o w n in full-size test
Cedar Knolls Acoustical Laboratories, cause noise if turns in the duct run are o p e n i n g , to give realistic values.
dar Knolls, N e w Jersey. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
too sharp, or if turns into branch ducts
8)
from risers are too sharp. High-velocity
C e i g e r & H a m m e , Inc., A n n A r b o r , M i c h i -
n. (1, 2, 3) ducts as w e l l as noisy parts of low-ve-
B K o d a r a s A c o u s t i c a l Laboratories, Elmhurst, locity ducts should be located in n o n -
w York. (1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) critical areas.
§ ? i v e r b a n k A c o u s t i c a l Laboratories, G e n e v a ,
nois. (1, 2) Noise of air outlets such as diffusers
and grilles is kept w i t h i n bound by not
allowing velocity of the emerging air
stream to exceed 400 fpm for slots of
Vi in. w i d t h .
Mixing boxes and other air control S O M E USEFUL REFERENCES
devices frequently generate some m i d - ON NOISE C O N T R O L
dle- and high-frequency noise, w h i c h , in Architectural Acoustical Materials:
Performance Data, Bulletin No.
many cases, may be desirable to mask
XXVII 1967, A c o u s t i c a l Materials A s -
intruding sounds. s o c i a t i o n , N e w York (1967).
Fans and refrigeration compressors
are major sources of vibration. W h i l e ASHRAE Guide, C h a p t e r on S o u n d
C o n t r o l , p u b l i s h e d periodically by
small fans and high-speed fans may re-
the A m e r i c a n Society of Heating,
quire only conventional rubber-in-shear Refrigerating a n d A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g
vibration isolators, large, slower fans will Engineers, Inc., N e w York.
require steel springs used in series w i t h
ribbed rubber pads (to avoid transfer of Noise Reduction, by L. L. Beranek,
M c G r a w - H i l l Book C o m p a n y , Inc.,
the high frequency noise of the fan
N e w Y o r k , (1960).
through the spring itself). A really large
fan may require in addition the use of a Solution to Noise Control Problems
concrete inertia block to increase the in the Construction of Houses,
total mass. Apartments, Motels and Hotels.
O w e n s - C o r n i n g Fiberglas C o r p o r a -
One facet of vibration that w o u l d tion, N e w York.
seem to bear further study is in connec-
tion w i t h the interaction between equip- 7/me Saver Standards, edited by
John H a n c o c k C a l l e n d e r . Section o n
ment and building structures particularly
Acoustics by Robert B. N e w m a n and
those of light weight which have little W i l l i a m J. C a v a n a u g h , M c G r a w - H i l l
resistance to vibrational effects. Book C o m p a n y , N e w York (1966).

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 796; 203

 Glossary of noise control terms

A-SCALE SOUND LEVEL (dbA)—The A-scale sound level is a N O I S E R E D U C T I O N — T h e noise reduction of a s t r u c t u r a l con-
quantity, in d e c i b e l s , r e a d f r o m a s t a n d a r d s o u n d - l e v e l meter f i g u r a t i o n is t h e d i f f e r e n c e in t h e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l s , e x p r e s s e d
s w i t c h e d to t h e w e i g h t i n g scale labeled " A " . The A-scale dis- in d e c i b e l s , o n e i t h e r s i d e of the c o n f i g u r a t i o n . N o i s e reduction
criminates against the lower frequencies to approximate the is o f t e n t h e q u a n t i t y of p r a c t i c a l e n g i n e e r i n g i n t e r e s t , w h i l e t r a n s -
a u d i t o r y s e n s i t i v i t y of the h u m a n e a r at m o d e r a t e s o u n d l e v e l s . m i s s i o n loss is a m o r e b a s i c q u a n t i t y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the p h y s i c a l
c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e s t r u c t u r e .
A R T I C U L A T I O N I N D E X ( A l ) — T h e a r t i c u l a t i o n i n d e x is a n u m e r i -
c a l l y c a l c u l a t e d m e a s u r e of t h e intelligibility of s p e e c h . It t a k e s O C T A V E B A N D — A n o c t a v e b a n d is a f r e q u e n c y b a n d w i t h l o w e r
into a c c o u n t the limitations of t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n p a t h and the a n d u p p e r c u t - o f f f r e q u e n c i e s h a v i n g a ratio o f 2 . T h e cut-off
b a c k g r o u n d n o i s e . It c a n r a n g e in m a g n i t u d e b e t w e e n 0 a n d 1.0. f r e q u e n c i e s of 7 0 7 H z (cps) a n d 1 4 1 4 H z d e f i n e a n o c t a v e b a n d
in c o m m o n u s e .
BACKGROUND N O I S E — B a c k g r o u n d noise is the total of all
noise independent of the p r e s e n c e of the desired signal. For OVERALL SOUND-PRESSURE LEVEL—The over-all sound-pres-
example, in a living room the desired signal may consist of s u r e l e v e l is t h e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e level m e a s u r e d in a b r o a d fre-
speech f r o m c o n v e r s a t i o n o r a t e l e v i s i o n set. T h e background q u e n c y b a n d c o v e r i n g t h e f r e q u e n c y r a n g e of interest. T h i s b a n d
n o i s e m a y c o m e f r o m r o o m air c o n d i t i o n i n g , o u t s i d e traffic, c o n - is o f t e n t a k e n to e x t e n d f r o m 2 5 H z (cps) to 1 0 , 0 0 0 H z .
v e r s a t i o n s in a d j a c e n t r o o m s , or o t h e r sources.
P H O N — T h e p h o n is t h e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l of a 1,000 c p s t o n e
DAMPING—Damping is the d i s s i p a t i o n of e n e r g y w i t h t i m e o r
that s o u n d s e q u a l to the s o u n d o r n o i s e b e i n g rated.
distance. The term is g e n e r a l l y applied to the attenuation of
s o u n d in a s t r u c t u r e o w i n g to the i n t e r n a l s o u n d - d i s s i p a t i v e m a - R E V E R B E R A T I O N T I M E — T h e r e v e r b e r a t i o n t i m e of a r o o m at a
terials. p a r t i c u l a r f r e q u e n c y is t h e t i m e that w o u l d b e r e q u i r e d for the
m e a n - s q u a r e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e level, originally in a s t e a d y s t a t e ,
DEAD ROOM—A d e a d r o o m is a r o o m that is c h a r a c t e r i z e d by
to d e c r e a s e b y 6 0 d e c i b e l s a f t e r t h e s o u r c e is s t o p p e d .
a n u n u s u a l l y large a m o u n t o f s o u n d a b s o r p t i o n .
S O N E — T h e m e a s u r e of l o u d n e s s . O n e s o n e is t h e l o u d n e s s of
D E C I B E L — T h e d e c i b e l is a l o g a r i t h m i c u n i t of m e a s u r e of s o u n d
a 1,000 c p s t o n e w h i c h is 4 0 d b a b o v e t h e t h r e s h o l d of h e a r i n g .
p r e s s u r e (or p o w e r ) c a l c u l a t e d a c c o r d i n g to a f o r m u l a . Z e r o on
T h u s o n e s o n e e q u a l s 4 0 p h o n s , t w o s o n e s e q u a l s 50 p h o n s , e i g h t
the d e c i b e l s c a l e c o r r e s p o n d s to a s t a n d a r d i z e d r e f e r e n c e p r e s -
sones equals 60 phons.
s u r e (0.0002 m i c r o b a r ) o r s o u n d p o w e r ( 1 0 " " w a t t ) .

SOUND-ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT (ABSORPTION COEFFI-

FREQUENCY—The f r e q u e n c y of a s i n e w a v e is the n u m b e r of
CIENT)—The s o u n d - a b s o r b i n g ability of a s u r f a c e is g i v e n in
t i m e s it r e p e a t s itself in e a c h s e c o n d . In a c o u s t i c s , t h e unit of
terms of a sound-absorption coefficient, designated by the
f r e q u e n c y is t h e c y c l e p e r s e c o n d . In m o s t E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s
s y m b o l a . T h i s c o e f f i c i e n t is d e f i n e d as t h e f r a c t i o n of incident
the c y c l e p e r s e c o n d is c a l l e d the h e r t z ( H z ) , a n d this t e r m h a s
s o u n d e n e r g y a b s o r b e d o r o t h e r w i s e n o t r e f l e c t e d by t h e s u r f a c e .
recently b e e n adopted in the U n i t e d S t a t e s .

L E V E L — I n a c o u s t i c s , the level of a q u a n t i t y is the l o g a r i t h m of S O U N D - P O W E R L E V E L — T h e s o u n d - p o w e r l e v e l o f a s o u r c e , in

the ratio of that q u a n t i t y to a r e f e r e n c e q u a n t i t y of the same d e c i b e l s , is 1 0 t i m e s t h e l o g a r i t h m to the b a s e 1 0 of t h e ratio
k i n d . T h e b a s e of the l o g a r i t h m is c o m m o n l y 10. T h e reference of t h e s o u n d p o w e r radiated by t h e s o u r c e to a standardized
quantity a n d t h e k i n d of l e v e l must b e specified. T h e unit is reference s o u n d power. T h e reference p o w e r must be explicitly
g e n e r a l l y the d e c i b e l . S o u n d p r e s s u r e level in d e c i b l e s u s e s a s t a t e d . ( T h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d r e f e r e n c e s o u n d p o w e r is 1 0 " "
r e f e r e n c e level of 2.0 X 10"* m i c r o b a r , w h i c h is t h e t h r e s h o l d of watt.)
h e a r i n g . Z e r o l e v e l o c c u r s w h e n the s o u n d p r e s s u r e e q u a l s t h e
S O U N D - P R E S S U R E L E V E L — T h e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l , in d e c i b e l s ,
reference pressure.
of a s o u n d is 2 0 t i m e s the l o g a r i t h m to t h e b a s e t e n of t h e ratio
LIVE R O O M — A live r o o m is a r o o m that is c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y a n of t h e p r e s s u r e of this s o u n d to the reference pressure. T h e
u n u s u a l l y s m a l l a m o u n t of s o u n d a b s o r p t i o n . common reference p r e s s u r e for a c o u s t i c s in air is 2.0 X 10"*
microbar.
L O U D N E S S — L o u d n e s s is t h e i n t e n s i v e a t t r i b u t e of a n auditory
s e n s a t i o n , in t e r m s of w h i c h s o u n d s m a y b e o r d e r e d o n a s c a l e
S O U N D T R A N S M I S S I O N C O E F F I C I E N T — T h e sound transmission
e x t e n d i n g f r o m " s o f t " to " l o u d " .
c o e f f i c e n t of a s t r u c t u r a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n is t h e f r a c t i o n of i n c i d e n t
L O U D N E S S L E V E L — T h e l o u d n e s s level of a s o u n d , in p h o n s , is s o u n d energy transmited through it.
n u m e r i c a l l y e q u a l to the a v e r a g e s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l , in d e c i -
S O U N D T R A N S M I S S I O N LOSS (TRANSMISSION LOSS) (TL)—The
b e l s , of a f r e e - p r o g r e s s i v e s o u n d w a v e of f r e q u e n c y 1,000 Hz,
s o u n d t r a n s m i s s i o n loss of a s t r u c t u r a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n is a m e a s u r e
t h a t , in a n u m b e r of trials, is j u d g e d b y l i s t e n e r s to b e e q u a l l y
of sound isolation. Expressed in d e c i b e l s , it is 1 0 times the
l o u d . G e n e r a l l y the s o u n d s a r e p r e s e n t e d to t h e l i s t e n e r s w h i l e
l o g a r i t h m to t h e b a s e 1 0 of t h e r e c i p r o c a l of t h e s o u n d t r a n s m i s -
they a r e f a c i n g the s o u r c e .
s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t of t h e configuration.
MASKING—Masking is the p r o c e s s by w h i c h the t h r e s h o l d of
SPEECH-INTERFERENCE LEVEL (SIL)—The speech-interference
audibility f o r o n e s o u n d is r a i s e d b y t h e p r e s e n c e of another
l e v e l of a n o i s e is a c a l c u l a t e d q u a n t i t y p r o v i d i n g a g u i d e to t h e
(masking) sound.
e f f e c t of a n o i s e o n s p e e c h . T h e s p e e c h - i n t e r f e r e n c e l e v e l is t h e
NC-CURVES (NOISE CRITERION CURVES) and NCA CURVES a r i t h m e t i c a v e r a g e of t h e o c t a v e - b a n d s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l s of
( N O I S E - C R I T E R I O N - A L T E R N A T E C U R V E S ) — T h e N C c u r v e s are a the n o i s e in t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t part of t h e s p e e c h f r e q u e n c y
s e r i e s of c r i t e r i o n c u r v e s that p o r t r a y s o u n d - p r e s s u r e l e v e l s for r a n g e . T h e l e v e l s in the t h r e e o c t a v e - f r e q u e n c y b a n d s of 600-
b a c k g r o u n d n o i s e s w h i c h g e n e r a l l y s h o u l d not b e e x c e e d e d in 1,200 H z ( c p s ) , 1 , 2 0 0 - 2 , 4 0 0 H z a n d 2 , 4 0 0 - 4 , 8 0 0 H z a r e c o m m o n l y
various human environments. The NCA curves permit higher averaged to d e t e r m i n e the speech-interference level.
sound-pressure l e v e l s at l o w f r e q u e n c i e s than the NC curves,
and are used generally only where a compromise c a u s e d by THIRD-OCTAVE BAND—A third-octave band is a frequency

e c o n o m i c f a c t o r s is n e c e s s a r y . b a n d w h o s e cut-off f r e q u e n c i e s h a v e a ratio of 2 1 / 3 , w h i c h is
approximately 1.26. T h e c u t - o f f f r e q u e n c i e s of 891 H z (cps) a n d
These terms have been adapted from, "Glossary of Terms Frequently Used 1,123 Hz define a third-octave band in c o m m o n u s e .
Concerning Noise Pollution," compiled by Peter A. Franken, published by
the American Institute of Physics.

204 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October 1967

 PRODUCT REPORTS
For m o r e information circle selected item numbers on Reader Service Inquiry Card, pages 375-376

Original graphics by contemporary artists are reasonable in architectural quantities

Architects can select original art w o r k ,
even in sufficient quantities for hotels
and multiple offices, at average prices
that range from $10 to $30 after quantity
discounts.
The London Arts Group commissions
over 25 artists to produce some 125 new
editions in all graphic media each year.
An architect may purchase entire edi-
tions—which usually contain from 15 to
50 prints—or select items from several
hundred current and past editions. The
artists w i l l also submit designs for a par-
ticular project.
Shown left to right are: A seriagraph
in red, black, and white by Brian Rice,
w h o has had several one-man shows and
has done illustrations for many maga-
zines in England; a black and white etch-
ing entitled St. Marys Leeds by Norman
Ackroyd, w h o has instructed at several
universities and colleges; and a colored
lithograph w i t h w i l d movement by Brian
Elliott, w h o instructs, has had one man
shows, and w h o has prints in the Victoria
and Albert Museum in London. • Lon-
don Arts, Inc., New York City.
Circle 300 on inquiry card

ORTABLE DRYER / A portable dryer
hat operates on any adequately wired
15-v outlet, weighs only 77 lbs, can
| ) e rolled about on casters, set on a
ounter, or hung on a w a l l , and requires
lo outside venting. The 28V4-in. high,
4-in. w i d e , 16V2-in. deep dryer affords
complete air change every 1.7 sec. The
orta-Dryer w i l l handle about half the
3ad of a regular dryer. • The Maytag
Company, N e w t o n , Iowa.
Circle 307 on inquiry card
H A R D W O O D FLOORING / W o o d M o -
sa/c Vinyl, a patterned hardwood floor-
ing that can be used for all rooms, i n -
cluding commercial areas, consists of
genuine hardwood veneer w i t h a surface
of tough vinyl sheeting and a backing of
homogeneous vinyl. It is .090 in. thick,
and comes in oak, walnut, cherry and
other special-order species. There are
five patterns. • Wood-Mosaic Corpo-
ration, Louisville, Ky.
Circle 302 on inquiry
POWER TRAVERSE ROD / Shown is the
back view of Electrac, the rod that opens
or closes draperies at the flip of a switch.
When the control switch is activated,
a magnetic force field moves the capsules
which act as master carriers for the
drapery headings. In-wall wiring permits
control of many draperies in any number
of rooms from one central location. •
Kirsch Company, Sturgis, M i c h .
Circle 303 on inquiry card
card
more products on page 216

ARCHITECTURAL RECORD October7967 209

OFFICE LITERATURE
For more information circle selected item
CIRCULAR STEEL FRAMING / A 35-page
technical report explains general princi-
ples in planning and design, and provides
a design example including data and
drawings for a high-rise structure. •
United States Steel Corporation, Pitts-
burgh.'
Circle 400 on inquiry
VAPOR BARRIER / A 4-page brochure,
w i t h illustrations and specification de-
tails showing typical installation meth-
ods, describes Asbestosea/, a sheet-ap-
plied, semi-flexible membrane for f o u n -
dation waterproofing. Its essentially in-
organic composition promises to prevent
deterioration. • The Philip Carey Man-
ufacturing Company, Cincinnati.*
Circle 401 on inquiry
ELASTOMERIC LIQUID R O O F I N G / A 4-
page bulletin gives complete physical
properties and test standards of the Neo-
prene and Hypalon roofing system. •
The Glidden Company, W i l m i n g t o n ,
Del.*
Circle 402 on inquiry
SEALANT INSPECTION AIDS / A 6-page
check-list aids field inspection of joint
preparation and sealing. Its 4-page c o m -
panion guide provides application and
inspection recommendations. • Thiokol
Chemical Corporation, Trenton.*
Circle 403 on inquiry
PLASTIC GRILLWORK / A variety of con-
temporary and classical designs of i m -
pact- and corrosion-resistant plastic are
explained and illustrated in a 12-page
brochure. The panels may be used as in-
terior dividers or for exterior facade
screening, sign backgrounds, or wall sur-
facing. Many colors and textures are
available. • Harvey Design Workshop
Inc., Lynbrook, N.Y.*
Circle 404 on inquiry
-
NEW BED FRAMES / A 28-page catalog
shows a complete line. Included are the
newest ball caster deluxe frames, wall
bumpers, wall mounted dormitory bed
headboards and headboard drilling in-
structions. • FHarvard Manufacturing
Company, Bedford Heights, O h i o .
Circle 405 on inquiry
210 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD O c t o b e r 7967
numbers on Reader Service Inquiry Card, pages
WELDING MATERIALS G U I D E / A newly-
revised 64-page booklet, "Filler Metal
Comparison Charts," contains listings
from 87 companies w i t h brand names
and manufacturer's addresses listed in
two indexes. The booklet promises to
provide the most complete set of w e l d -
card ing rod, electrode and brazing filler metal
comparison charts published. $3.50 plus
handling charges. • American Welding
Society, Technical Department, 345 East
47 St., N.Y., N.Y. 10017.
FOLDING PARTITIONS / Manually and
electrically operated door and wall m o d -
els in a w i d e selection of custom facing
materials are described and illustrated in
a 20-page color catalog. • Holcomb &
card
Hoke M f g . Co., Inc., Indianapolis.
Circle 406 on inquiry
ELECTRIC D U C T HEATERS / The first half
of a 24-page catalog provides a glossary,
a description of uses and applications,
code requirements, wiring diagrams, i n -
card stallation pointers and a sample specifi-
cation. Remaining pages describe four
series of duct heaters in a new line. •
H. W. Tuttle & Company, Tecumseh,
Mich.
Circle 407 on inquiry
FIREPLACES / A 100-page book entitled
card
"Successful Fireplaces—How to Build
T h e m " contains over 400 photos, draw-
ings and plans w h i c h illustrate contem-
porary, traditional, corner, three-way and
see-through types and styles. Included
also are recommendations for the pre-
vention of c o m m o n problems. $1.00. •
Building Products Division, The Donley
Brothers Company, 13900 Miles Avenue,
Cleveland, O h i o 44105.*
card MOVABLE C O M P O N E N T CLASSROOMS
/ A 10-page brochure presents a system
for combining double demountable and
operable retractable steel walls d e m o n -
strating sound control performance, me-
chanical function and cost. Color p h o t o -
graphs show h o w the walls incorporate
instructional classroom tools. • The E.
F. Hauserman Company, Cleveland.*
card Circle 408 on inquiry
315-316
AIR CONDITIONING / Self-contained
rooftop multi-zone packaged air condi
tioners designed for cooling f r o m 15 to
30 tons, heating from 300 to 600 MBH
and handling air from 4,000 to 13,500
CFM are described and illustrated in a 28
page engineering manual. Also included
are a psychrometric chart, total hea
table, unit operation sequence and con
trols. • Acme Industries, Inc., Jackson
Mich.
Circle 409 on inquiry cardl
ACOUSTICS / An 8-page technical publi-
cation describes the controlled acoustic|
environment at Colorado State Univer-
sity's Speech and Hearing Clinic, and em-
phasizes adaptable design features. Infor-
mation on the sound suites, audiometri
testing area, and reverberation chamber
card
are provided. • Industrial Acousticsl
Company, Inc., Bronx, N.Y.
Circle 410 on inquiry cai
CONCRETE / An 8-page progress report
depicts the dramatic growth in use oi
concrete, both as an engineering and ar-
chitectural material. Many design ex-
amples of the last decade are pictured]
• Master Builders, Cleveland.*
C ; r c / e 477 on inquiry carcl
card
HARDBOARD SIDING / A 24-page illus
trated catalog shows 13 siding types a n J
styles. Finishing and workability data ancl
other hardboard products are listed aj
well • Masonite, Chicago.*
Circle 412 on inquiry carm
LATERAL FILES / The theme of a 12-pagJ
brochure is the "simplification of floo
planning, using Broadsides' basic 42-in.
wide by 18-in.-deep module in 2-, 3-, 4-
and 5-opening cabinets." • Steelcasel
Inc., Grand Rapids, Mich.*
Circle 413 on inquiry car
ARCHITECTURAL LOUVERS / A 36-pagi
catalog describes an extensive line o |
aluminum louvers for many air-handlin|
requirements. • Construction Special]
ties. Inc., Cranford, N.J.*
Circle 414 on inquiry car\
* Additional product information in S w e e t ' s
Architectural File
card more literature on page 2i