3

5
2
4
 get into debt

cram for

borrow a loan
take an exam

be burdened with debt

3.
Have you ever got into debt?
Do you spend a lot of time
cramming for an exam?
How do you pay back a loan?
b
a

corporal punishment

play truant
continuous assessment
vocational course
 A solution for the government is to
To tackle this problem, people should
The forward way might be to..
This problem could be addressed by..
Dealing with this issue involves

This problem could be addressed by encouraging family to participate in outdoor activities on a regular basis
The forward way might be to change the eating patterns of the family.

be
To
involves
is

Dealing with this issue involves implying harsher and stricter laws.

To tackle this problem, people should use public transports on a regular basis

1. To tackle this problem, people

should reduce working hours to a more
rational number.
2. The forward way might be to lengthen
the contract for competent workers and
create a system among companies to
transfer employees to suitable
positions.
23,27,28,29

present simple

present perfect

present continuous

say are eating

rise
has risen
has become

needs
have exercise
 All in all, to sum up
As I see it, in my view
take steps, actions must be taken urgently
there is no doubt that,
obesity is an increasingly worrying issue
all have a role to play
actions must be taken urgently

otherwise

Unless sth is done

If
otherwise

raise teacher's pay, fewer and fewer people will choose...

raise teachers'pay, otherwise fewer and fewer....

In conclusion, actions must be taken urgently, otherwise, the overall well-being of

residents might be decreased and they might suffer from various health problems.
 5

d
c
e
b
a

government should
invest in constructing pubic sites and equip with facilities for residents to use and do exercise.
1. Obesity is inarguably increasing with an alarming
rate all over the world. This health crisis stems from
numerous reasons, but perhaps the most common ones are
eating habits and the lack of physical
activities in everyday life. Serious as it might
be, there are still various ways we can take into accounts
to tackle with overweight problem.
2. Misconducts at school are noticeably becoming more and more
pervasive and serious in recent years. The problem rises from
various causes, but the emergence of social media has a role to play
in exacerbating the dilemma. This essay will focus on
some main reasons of misbehavior and propose possible solutions to deal with it.
 - a great deal of traffic congestion - a congestion charge
traffic and air
pollution - suffering from respiratory diseases - cutting number of vehicles

quality and cost of - public transport is inefficient - invest more in trains and buses
public transport - infrastructure is old and adequate -slash ticket prices
- ticket prices are high
 j
d
h
g
b
c
e
a
i
f

llocate ero

aunch ompulsory
et harge
aise ubsidize
ring anes
an
The reason is
As a consequence

In other worlds

means that
 T
F
T
 eople isiting

eople as isiting

cars were sold in the USA, between

2000 and 2010
car was sold in the USA, over a ten-year
period, starting from 2000.

coffee was produced in Kenya

coffee that was produced in Kenya

The graph gives the figures The graph illustrates the number of
about how many DVDs are sold DVD that was sold in the UK and USA
in the UK and USA between.... between 2005 and 2008

The graph shows information about The graph illustrates the amount of
how much chocolate was produced chocolate that was produced in
in Colombia from 1997 to 2007 Colombia from 1997 to 2007.

1. The graph shows information about how much gas was produced in Russia between
2003 and 2008.
2. The graph illustrates the proportions of employment in the public sector of UK from
2006 to 2010.
 c
e
a
b
d

what stands out from the graph is that

there were considerable upward
trends in the income of both.....
while
the earnings of Lovely Loaves saw a
substantial fall
over the period in question

b
a

upward
while saw
period was
than
 go up, jump, rise go down rocket, soar, surge plummet, plunge
increase, improve fall, decrease double, shoot up drop, halve

gradually
negligibly slightly, marginally strikingly, remakably
considerably steadily
rapidly, sharply

rose sharply
increased gradually

dropped strikingly
 a fluctuation

a fall a plunge

a level-off a decrease

a decline a dip

a soar a recover

a plummet a jump

an increase a surge

a drop a growth

steady
considerable

negligible remarkable

There was a sharp rise in income of Robbie's Bakery

There was a coniderable decrease in income of Bernie's Buns
There was a significant fall in income of Lovely Loaves

fell significantly

grew steadily
 If we look at, by contrast
around, approximately, nearly, over
there was then
by contrast
figure, earnings

was a sharp rise in the income

rose gradually around
105,000

1. With respect to the income of Robbies's

bakery, it began at just under 60,000
2. If we look at the amount of money which
was earned by Bernie's Buns in 2000, it
was 20000
3. As for the earnings of Robbies's Bakery,
it remained stable during the first five years
of the graph.
4. Regarding income for Lovely Loaves. it
fluctuated considerably between 2000 and
2005.
2. There was a steady fall to 80000, after which
income recovered.....
3. Earnings dropped sharply to just over 60000
At this point, there was a slight dip.
4. There was a slight rise to just under 60000.
Subsequently, the figure went down considerably.

5. Income fell significantly to 40000. Next, the

number levelled off.

risen
grown

there was a steady decline to 80000, income recovered to 90000 in 2004

Having dropped sharply to just over 60000, earnings rose slightly.

Next
Having gone

After that, Despite

, income Following this
 to
to
at
at
by
by
between
between

at
to
at
to by from to
to
at

the
a
the a the
the the

the
a

the the
 half

less

highest

highest

more
peaked

1. it was far higher than the other sectors

2. the peak of the whole period
3. by around 10%
4. the lowest figure of the period.
 T
T
T
F
F
F
cheap-the cheapest
more common-the most common
more crowded- the most crowded
more dangerous- the most dangerous
more difficult- the most difficult
easier-the easiest
more economical-the most economical
more expensive- the most expensive
further-the farthest
better-the best
healthier- the healthiest
higher-the highest
more intelligent- the most intelligent
more interesting- the most intelligent
noisier- the noisiest
more popular- the most popular
quiter- the quietest
more successful- the most successful
taller- the tallest
more useful- the most useful
more well-paid-the most well-paid

is more difficult than

slower than travelling by bus

expensive than in a motel
wealthier than Ha Noi

1. Coffee in the UK is considerably more expensive than in France

2. The cost of coffee in Spain is slighty cheaper than in France

the UK
France 2 pounds
Spain ost expensive 1.9
country with the most expensive
Portugal
is Latvia, at 0.35

1. Coffe in the Uk is far more expensive than in Portugal

2. The cost of coffee in Portugal is a bit more expensive than in Latvia
 The Fratton Road library was not as busy as the one in Commercial Road in March

Hamburger is not as cheap as french fries.

Majorca is not as hot as Castellon.
Northern train is not as fast as Southern trains

Crooners plc was not as successful as Monster Hits Records.

The name Peter was not as popular as the name James.

The cost of a night in a hotel in Paris is not as expensive as in Zurich.

The temperature in Rawai Island was not as high as in Phuket

small one
Ex6 big difference
1. Cronner plc was almost as successful small one
as Monster Hits Records.
2. The name Peter was nowhere near
as popular as the name James.
3. The cost of a night in a hotel in Paris
is not nearly as expensive as inZurich.
4. The temperature in Rawai Island
was not quite as high as in Phuket.
 win as many gold medals as
as many as
not as successful
win as many gold medals as

compared

only 100 hundreds raised a cat,

35 pounds at Burny's.

15% of people aging from 45 to 55.

a mere minority said them were not rewarding.

 nearly 140
about 120
approximately 43

3 2
1
1. Cake sales at Lovely Loaves
were approximately 78 in 2010.
2. There were nearly 80 rolls
sold averagely in Bernie's Buns
3. The average number of cookies
bought in Bernie's Buns was nearly
120.

g a b e
f
c d

30%
23%
31%
48%
60%

1. one in five/ one out of five/

2. a quarter/one in four/one out of four
3. a half/ one out of two
 : less popular
in terms of,
the most popular, the busiest, the best, the least popular
six out of eight, with just, approximately, about..
not as popular as sweet,

15 25

500 250

2. people aged 20-30 who like jazz and

1.house in Notting HIll and Sloane Square average 500000 and 620000 respectively
hip-hop were 11% and 35% in turn
3. the number of users of JKF airport
and Newark Airport were 2.9 million and
1.9 million respectively.
 twice
half
three times

Comedies are half as popular as action movies.

Westerns are half as popular as romantic comedies.
Comedies are half as popular as science fiction.

as
as

as

1. Four times as many women

prefer comedy than sci-fi.
2. Twice as many women said
they liked comedy than western.
3. Three times as many women
said they enjoy watching romantic
comedy than thriller.

1. The number of women prefering thriller is twice as many as the ones prefering sci-fi.
2. There are six times as many women prefering romantic comedy as women prefering sci-fi.
 place
list
one

list

place

people who were asked said

respondents said

participants in questionnaire said

1. A majority of people in the survey said

their first-choice place to stay during holiday
is hotel.
2. A tenth of people who were asked said
that they would choose to stay with friends
as the first-choice holiday accommodation.
3. 160 participants said that they would
stay in a motor home during their holiday.