HAWASSA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FINAL PROJECT

TITLE: - Online Examination

System for BNB Learning Center for Elementary and High School,
Hawassa.

Submitted by:

Name ID

1. Natnael Kifle EVCS/126/09

2. Noah Tesfaye EVCS/131/09

3. Biniam Anbesse EVCS/030/09

Advisor: Mr. Daniel Tesfay

May - 20 - 2021
 Abstract

This documentation explains about online Examination system which we would

develop for BNB learning center elementary and high school. Currently the examination
services that are given in the school is handled manually. The number of students who taking
exam are
increasing every year. So, to giving the exam and managing the whole examination process
becomes very difficult. Having the above problem, we are going to solve this by making
online examination System. This examination system claims to change the manual
examination system into Online. The system is very interactive and useful for BNB learning
center since it is applicable anywhere in the same functionality. Online examination system
used to give exam, calculate the exam result and show the total result of examinees.
It is advantageous in reducing the complexity of the examination process. To do this project
the
project team used deferent data collection method such as interviewing the school principals
and other stuffs and document analysis. In to order analyze and design the system we are
going to use object oriented approach for both analyzing and design the new system. To
change the current manual system to a web based, we need different software and hardware
tool.

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 Acknowledgement

First of all we would like to thank GOD for making us healthy in this pandemic disease
season. Without his will everything is impossible. Next we will extend our thanks and
appreciation to all Hawassa university lecturers who give important information’s to us in
order to make us grown up in our academic knowledge. We have deepest gratitude from our
bottom of heart to our advisor Mr. Daniel Tesfay for his excellent advice and supervision.
As we see, He has a good advice ability and smart approach to us. Next we thank and
appreciate our classmates and friends for their wellness to give important information and
ideas for us. Without the participation of individuals our team project has no ability to reach
to this stage. Moreover, we would like to thank BNB learning center academic principals and
vice-principal including the managing directorate of the school for their good approach at
interview time and willingness at giving important information for us. Finally we would like
to thanks our family for their support and generous resource provision they showed us during
our five year academic journey

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Table of Contents
Abstract..................................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................v
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................................vi
Chapter One..........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study............................................................................................................1
1.3 statement of the problem..............................................................................................................2
1.3 Objective of the project...............................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General objective..................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Specific objective..................................................................................................................4
1.4 Scope of the study........................................................................................................................4
1.5 Limitations of the study...............................................................................................................5
1.6. Significance of the Project..........................................................................................................5
1.7 Methodology of the Project.........................................................................................................6
1.7.1. Data Collection Methodologies............................................................................................6
1.7.2. System Analysis and Design Methodology..........................................................................6
1.7.3. System Implementation Methodology..............................................................................7
1.7.4. Testing and Deploying Methodology...................................................................................8
1.7.5. System Requirement............................................................................................................9
1.8. Feasibility Studies.................................................................................................................10
1.8.1. Economic Feasibility...........................................................................................................10
1.8.2. Operational Feasibility.......................................................................................................10
1.8.3. Technical Feasibility...........................................................................................................10
1.9.1. Legal Feasibility..................................................................................................................11
Chapter Two........................................................................................................................................12
Description of existing system.........................................................................................................12
2.1. Introduction of the existing system...........................................................................................12
2.2. Proposed system description.....................................................................................................12
2.3. Strength of the existing system.................................................................................................14
2.4. Weakness of the existing system..............................................................................................15
Chapter Three......................................................................................................................................17
System Analysis..............................................................................................................................17

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 3.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................17
3.2. Functional Requirements..........................................................................................................18
3.3. Non-functional Requirements...................................................................................................19
3.4. Analysis Model.........................................................................................................................20
3.4.1. Use case Diagrams.............................................................................................................20
Use case Description.......................................................................................................................21
3.4.2. Sequence Diagram.............................................................................................................25
3.4.3. Activity Diagram...............................................................................................................28
3.4.4. Class Diagram....................................................................................................................33
3.4.5. User Interface Design........................................................................................................34
Chapter Four........................................................................................................................................40
System Design.................................................................................................................................40
4.1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................40
4.2. Purpose of the System Design Document.................................................................................40
4.3. Scope........................................................................................................................................42
4.4. Architectural Design.................................................................................................................43
4.4.1. Logical View of the Architecture........................................................................................45
4.4.2. Process View.....................................................................................................................46
4.4.3. Deployment View..............................................................................................................47
4.5. Database Design.......................................................................................................................48
Chapter Five........................................................................................................................................50
Conclusion and Recommendation...................................................................................................50
5.1. Conclusion................................................................................................................................50
5.2. Recommendation......................................................................................................................50
Reference............................................................................................................................................51
Appendix.............................................................................................................................................52
ADVISER APPROVAL.............................................................................................................................53

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 System use case diagram

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Figure 1.2 sequence diagram for user login

Figure 1.3 sequence diagram for student signup to take exam

Figure 1.4 sequence diagram for school principal to check and approve exam

Figure 1.5 sequence diagram for department

Figure 1.6 sequence diagram for teacher

Figure 1.7 sequence diagram for vice-principal

Figure 1.8sequence diagram for administrator

Figure 2.0 Activity diagram for login

Figure 2.1 Activity diagram for take exam

Figure 2.3 Activity diagram for add exam

Figure 2.4 Activity diagram for check exam standard

Figure 2.5 Activity diagram for manage account

Figure 3.0 class diagram

img1.1 home page.

Img1.2 user’s login page.

Img1.3 login page in home.

Img1.4 take exam page.

Img1.5 view result page.

Img1.6 add exam page.

Img1.7 manage exam page for admin. Here the admin can remove exams after exam completion

Img1.8 manage user page for admin.

Img1.9 feedback page for admin.

Figure 4.0 deployment diagram

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CPU: Central Processing Unit
GB: Gigabyte
RAM: Random Access Memory
GHZ: Giga Hertz
UML: Unified Modeling Language
XAMPP: Apache MySQL PHP
PHP: Hyper Preprocessor Scripting Language
CSS: Cascading Style Sheet
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language
UC: Use Case
OOP Objects Oriented Programming
DBMS : Database Management Systems
PW: Password
UN: User Name
EC: Ethiopian calendar

GC: Gregorian calendar

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 Chapter One

Introduction

Online system technology plays a great role in our world. With the introduction of computers,
the business world was changed forever. Using computers and software businesses use
information technology to ensure that their organization run accurately. Web application is one
category of information technology in which applications and information are stored on servers
and users can access that information using web browsers. Online examination system is a web
application that allows examinee can take their course exam easily through the system.

In online examination system examination can be conducted in simple and efficient manner
whenever the instructor’s needs to give exam for their students. The overall activity is done by
using only web browser application. The system automates existing manual activities like taking
exam by printed paper and checking that for grade. The project is expected to help students as
well as the instructor’s problems such as time consumption and high effort on checking the
answer sheets from examinees. The system makes not only the examination process easy but
enable students to get feedback of their result at real time after the answer is submitted . The
system takes short time for correcting the exam answers and for giving feedback immediately by
avoiding long waiting time in the manual system. The system is capable of saving the user effort
and time and it reduces the resource expenditure of the organization.

1.1 Background of the Study

BNB learning center for elementary and high school is found in Sidama regional state, Hawassa
city. The school is established in 1992 E.C, at the beginning of their foundation they enrolled
only KG class students and 7 years later they started grade 11 and 12. For couples of decades the
BNB learning Center have been using paper based manual examination system since its
establishment.

In general term examination is test or educational assessment intended to measure a test makers’
knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness or classification in many other topics, however we are
going to deal with only knowledge measurement through our examination system.

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In BNB learning center elementary and high school, examination is also taking placed for past 21
years by paper-based system. In this way as the school lost much more economic resource
property and extra efforts when we compared to the advantages of new online examination
technology. So as we observed and classified the problem or drawback of the manual or
traditional method we categorized it into main three parts. It takes time (time resource), It takes
also much cost, Extra effort (tidies work).

The proposed online examination system can examine the candidates remotely without any
physical communication and paper-based system to insure and minimize the time and cost by the
minimum cost to provide maximum profit to the school also Minimize time and extra effort to
the examinees also for the examiners too.

1.3 Statement of The Problem

As we all know that every educational organization have evaluation system at the end of the
course, to examine how much the trainers or students are capable to pass to the next level of
knowledge and how much they are skilled through that specific field of study is known by their
result of exam.

BNB school is one of those educational organizations and it follows a paper based examination
system to evaluate the students . This paper based manual examination system has been working
since its establishment in 1999 up to today 2013 E.C.. This paper based manual examination
system is used for 21 years at the school.

As the school principal said in his interview time with us, “the existing examination system in
use to examine their students has so many disadvantages in different aspects”. The cost overrun
during examination (i.e. paper cost, cartilage cost for duplication and invigilation cost), it is very
difficult to conduct examination in this pandemic time with the existing system, and it is difficult
to offer timely and accurate feedback to the students with the existing examination system.

Actually, they tried so many examination techniques in order to reduce cost and human effort
consumption for last 21 years. But those all techniques were not much feasible compared to the
advanced technology-based system, which is online examination system.

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The paper-based examination technique in use has disadvantages for students, instructors and the
educational organization in different ways. In paper industries, wood is the primary raw material
for paper production. Therefore, this manual paper-based system has side effect such as
deforestation. So, the deforestation would have a negative impact on the global weather
condition.

Therefore, the problems in the existing examination system are identified as follows:

 Cost overrunning of paper, printer and copier ink.

 Time and accuracy of result are the primary constraints for teachers while they are
checking the exam papers and preparing roaster/ result master sheet.
 So many correction problems may happen, during the examination time in which it
disturbs the students.
 Students would not be privileged to get result feedback timely
 When the number of students increases, shelving and keeping track of the alumni’s
record is very challenging task, which requires many shelves and huge spaces. This also
has its contribution for cost overrunning.
 Students’ exam sheets and their final result may lose.
 Some students may miss writing their personal information on exam sheet, such as name,
grade and section.

In order to reduce such disadvantages, the new technology creates great mechanisms with
efficient and effective way. The first and most usable technology is using online examination
technique. Now days many of developed countries’ educational organizations are using online
examination system and they are testifying its importance.

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1.3 Objective of the project
1.3.1 General objective
The main objective of this project is identifying the problems in the existing manual system to
design and implement an automated online Examination System for BNB Elementary and High
School Learning Center.

1.3.1 Specific objective

To achieve the proposed general objective, the following specific objectives are formulated.

 To collect relevant data, documents and interviewing the school principals to understand
the existing manual system
 To review, study and understand the existing examination process system
 To design well normalized database system that store, manipulate, search and retrieve
student result.
 To design and develop easy, light weight, self-descriptive and user-friendly user
interfaces to examination dashboard.
 To develop an automatic student mark report generator.
 To develop security mechanism to keep students result data by authenticating using
password and username.
 To develop a system, allows question modification and delete privilege.
 To Design the analysis model and system architecture for the proposed system.
 To design a user management module to maintain and keeps all the user account
information of the student and instructor.

1.4 Scope of The Study

The proposed system is designed for BNB Elementary and High School Learning Center, which
is a private institution. As it is user-friendly web-based examination system, it can be accessible
from anywhere at any time by authorized system users such as students, instructors and
administrators. So the instructors of courses can add an exam and question. The students can

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take that exam after completion of providing their personal information that needed by the
system, this is done through the interface which can be viewed by them. System administrator
could also add, delete exam and removing registered users account if needed.

 The proposed system is designed to address only the objective type questions.
 The system shall allow login to only authorized and authenticated users those are
students and instructors of the school.
 The system shall validate examinees user name and password.
 The system shall examinees information in system database.
 The system shall calculate examinees mark.

1.5 Limitations of the Study

Some of the limitations of the study are:-

 Time limitation to study the problems deeply, it means there is not enough time to
study more.
 Limited access of organized information from the school.
 We can’t find information remotely, because the school has no web site.

1.6. Significance of the Project

The proposed project is intended to give the following advantages

 It will make easier conduct of the exam process because of no need to present
physically for exam in the school compound but it is possible to take it from
everywhere.
 It reduces an anxiety among test takers during the exam period. Because everybody is
privileged to take the exam in their own spat and free from pre-conditions of physical
contact.
 It is very essential especially on pandemic season covid-19 lockdown, like we have
passed through it now. The process of learning and evaluation is don’t terminated.
 It reduce cheating much more than existing manual system. The system has good
security handling mechanism like that of detecting web cam, protect from using

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 another browser and new tabs and controlling the operating system of the user device
not to do anything but take the exam only.
 It promotes safe and secure data management and give as chance to experience with
the technology features the world using today. these lead us to industrial revolution
gradually.
 It reduces administrative burden. Every task of examination process is executed
remotely and accurately because machines are more rational than humans.

1.7 Methodology of the Project

In developing online examination system for BNB learning center elementary and high schools
the following methodologies are applied.

1.7.1. Data Collection Methodologies

Data collection is one of essential part of the task that mainly deal with analyze and how
activities done in existing system and how to develop the new system. Data for developing this
system obtained from various sources. This data sources where system users and documents used
in the sector office and reports of the office.

 Interview: our project team use Interview techniques to get information about
current flow of work by interviewing key workers of the school such as registrar officer,
director and teachers.

 Observation: To gather relevant information the project team observes how the
current system works.
 Document analysis: we used to collect, review and analyze written documents
that clearly stated the operations of the schools.

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1.7.2. System Analysis and Design Methodology
To design the system, the project team has chosen Object Oriented Modeling techniques and
unified modeling language tools for following reasons:

 It enables us to comprehensively model a system before we develop it.

 Modification of the object implementation is easy because objects are loosely
coupled.
 Understanding of the structure is easy because object oriented modeling and tools
used
to represent real world entities.
 In an object-oriented environment, Object-oriented systems development is a way
to develop software by building self-contained modules or objects that can be easily
replaced, modified, and reused.
 Is used to manage the complexity of software systems.
 Identifying the source of errors becomes easier because objects are self-contained
(encapsulation).

1.7.3. System Implementation Methodology

On system implementation phase it is important to define how the information system should be
built especially with regard to physical system design. This is to ensure that the information
system is operational and used, also it’s very important to ensure that the information system
meets quality of standards or quality assurance.

In another dimension also system implementation deal with system design too, what the system
should do? (conceptual design), what the system should look to the user? (logical design) and
how the system should be built? (physical design).

So that our online examination system is crystal clear and no ambiguity with the information of
the entire system and we can say that confidently it’s operational with the maximum level of
efficiency. There for it is feasible.

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In terms of quality assurance or standards, the system is quite eligible because no rules and
regulation of exam in the country and the school is braked, as well as the rules of any examiners
school or companies is still protected according to the law. That is way we are saying that again
our system is feasible in terms of assurance.

Again, our system has no doubt to feasibility of the conceptual design, because by using our
system the school can give exam to their students when they want to examine them on set time or
schedule. Anyone who is student of the school can take the exam by fulfilling the requirement of
that exam preconditions with expected to come to the exam place, and opening internet browser
on the school laptop or desktop through their LAN internet connection only. Also can see results
immediately and no waiting for weeks to see grades.

It is user friendly to the users who has different status, educational background and users of
different platforms with different network bandwidth users. By means of this also our online
examination system is feasible with its logical design.

Our system built with no seeking of extra luxury machine or any other devices, we simply done
it on our laptop with minimum spec of 4gb Ram and 500gb hard disk capacity, by 2.0ghtz
processing speed (any brand). Additionally, we used some software’s of free from purchasing.
So that our system is feasible also I term of physical design.

1.7.4. Testing and Deploying Methodology

 Testing:-Our testing mechanism is done before the deployment. This is take
place behind us by simulating on localhost XAMPP server software or by connecting two
computers by peer-peer communication and we simulate one of our laptop like server
using local host and the rests like client. Then after we add the question on server to the
other by count down time given and the rest all function of the system easily.
 Deployment: - deployment stage is our last stage and it’s the phase of testing
our team work fruit. We do deploy our web based system to the server computer of the
school to automate its manual and tidies work of examinations will be modernized and as

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 well much cost and time are highly maximize that efficiency and accuracy. The
deployment process go on sequentially starting from installation of network by the
organization which is LAN type and prepare their own server. This is done by the
authority and resource of the organization itself in order to assure that the ownership
agreement of that organization who purchase the system.

Then we facilitate the work environment with useful things like UTP network cables,
hubs, switches among the computers and set unique password to the admin of the
organization and some privilege issues. Then we do launch one full day training called
‘’how to use the online examination system”. So that every examiner become capable of
examining easily then we leave with our penny.

1.7.5. System Requirement

Our proposed system will have the following software requirement, hardware requirement and
programming language technologies.

 Software requirements: XAMPP – to manage server setting, Microsoft word

2016 – for writing documentation. MySQL – used to store entire data set of the proposed
system. Bootstrap plugins – to design our graphical user interface.
 Hardware requirements: Laptop computer and Desktop Computer – used to
install the above needed software’s and used to develop the system. Flash Disk(8Gb) –
the data in the Computer may be lost because of different malicious acts, to be able to
take data from different sources and to secure. Pen – used to write drafting of the idea on
the paper. A4 Size Paper – this is used to draft recording, to collect different information
from any sources and print document.
 Programming Language: the proposed system implemented by using as follows
language.
 CSS – styling the web page
 Bootstrap - styling the web page
 Html – to display content

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  Java Script – for client side scripting (interpreted by the browser)
 PHP – for server side scripting (interpreted by the server)

The project team chooses PHP as server side scripting language because PHP is:

 Clear and easy to understand.

 Easier to fixing and debugging.
 Operating much faster than other scripting languages.

1.8. Feasibility Studies

A feasibility study is a test of system according to its workability, impact on the college, ability
to meet user needs and effective use of resources. The main objective of the feasibility study is to
test the technical, operational, legal and economic feasibility of the new system.

1.8.1. Economic Feasibility

Since this project is going to be computerized system, there is reduction cost for material that
used for manual operation such as cost of paper and pen, printer ink and make comfortable
working environment for the users. Hence our system is economically feasible.

1.8.2. Operational Feasibility

This is a standard that ensures interoperability to the benefit of the public in terms of service
quality. Our system is operationally feasible and user friendly. The examinees and users
of system perform their regular task without ambiguity. Operationally, our system have capable
of producing quick and qualitative services for students and workers, so that to have immediate
and satisfied services our system has functional and acceptable to users because:

 It provides better service to the school.

 It is user friendly
 It is increase speed of activity, so our system will be operationally feasible.

1.8.3. Technical Feasibility

Does the necessary technology exist, does equipment’s exist? , can the user use the system
without or with less training? , the system that has been answering the above listed question is

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said to be technically feasible.
Actually it doesn’t require high number of networking device, but it needs single server
computer and other network devices. Our system has all the necessary technology and equipment
like computer, connection. The school also offers manual to their student about the system to e
describe how to use it. It also clear when they see the interface. so they can use the system
without or with little trainings.

1.9.1. Legal Feasibility

The system to be developed is not conflict with any government directives, and with any
educational policy, because it doesn’t break the examination process of the manual which is in
use. The project does not break the law that means all functionality supported in our system is
legally allowed according to the country website policy.

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 Chapter Two
Description of existing system
2.1. Introduction of the existing system
Currently, BNB learning center of elementary and high school uses a manual examination
system to test their students in order to check how much their students are capable of those
courses they took. This manual way is through pen and paper-based and it costs very high in
every academic semesters in case of purchasing a high number of materials for the examination
purpose.

The whole examination process is as the following, first the school directories announce an
exam schedule of every departments in the school and according to that schedule the instructors
of different course prepares exam by using their personal electronic devices such as computers
and submit it to department through soft copy, the department head checks the soft copied exam
for errors and gives correction to that exam, then after the exam goes to school principal for final
correction. The principal also checks for some errors. And finally duplication room staffs prints
that exam according to rules and regulations of the school, after those all complex process the
students take the exam by physically coming to school.

Latter the next task is for school instructors, such tasks are checking the exam paper returned
from examinees, recording their marks on paper or so called roaster, and finally the instructor
returns the paper to examined students to unfold how much they get.

This process is not simple as we write here. But it takes a lot of time and effort of the school
staffs. Also the student waits for long days to view their marks. So every task in this process is
not feasible in aspect of cost and effort.

2.2. Proposed system description

Our proposed” BNB online examination system” will automate many process of examination
system that was manually conducted in BNB School. When we say this it will replace and

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advance the existing system of the school in manner of its good features. The system will
minimize lots of unneeded tidies and bulky kind of works that is procedurally and technically
that was on their manual system of examination process of the school that we mentioned at
the above topic of existing system disruption.

Every department of the school teachers will have their own login passcode through stuff login
window, the they look their time table according to the school schedule to submit the question to
their department. Then their department’s director board lookout the question and can correct,
discard and add question by its privilege through their own login passcode. Then after their
overall correction they submit it to the principal office but they are not privileged to publish the
exam to the student or somebody else still. After the submission of the department’s director
board it will be shown only for the principal office person by its own login passcode through
stuff login window. So again the question is checked and if something happened like missing file
or any error he is privileged to only check and immediate report to the department’s director
board for correction. Then after that error is resolved or mistake is corrected and edited by the
privilege of department’s director board again submit it to the principal office person. Also,
again the question will be checked by principal office person and if its fine and have passed the
requirement of the school question standard the third privilege of this person will be applied.
That is publishing the question to the examinees of the school students and no one can do that
without him.

After the above phase of question preparing and presenting to the student the main part of the
examination also the least process will take place after the post of the questions of every subject
to every student who is eligible to be to be examine according to the school discipline and
regulations. Every section student has their own login passkey on the school desktop LAN
connected computers. After they logged in, questions will appear on their window immediately
and the time will start to count down according to given time of that subject matter. The next
question will appear by clicking next on every bit of questions, and the choices are listed top to
down under the question by radio button in order to enable selection from one of them from the
rest and click next in order to read the next question and answer it. This is go on until the last
question or until the time allowed is timed up. Also the examinees have a right to change their
favorite theme of the system and also can use air phone and can open Mozart Piano classical for

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refreshment or reduction of stress. By the way it is very good for remembering something hidden
in our long memory conscious mind. The after the system immediately count and calculate their
mark and show them their point with grades.

2.3. Strength of the existing system

The existing system of BNB is manual so when we discuss about existing system we are talking
about the manual system that is depend on the paper work. This system has its own good side by
itself in different perspectives. It has good sides or strength that are we can’t deny them.

The strength of the paper based work is don’t need a skill to implement and also for the
preparation process because simply teachers prepare their questions by soft copy and give it to
their department by flash not by network. the second point of strength is don’t need to fulfill any
network devices like that of Hub, Switches, UTP Cables, RJ45 connectors and mass number of
computers. The third point of strength of existing system is no need of worry about light
existence and fluctuation of electricity current if once the question of exam paper is copied and
distributed. with regard to this there is also no need of service or rebuild because only one device
is very essential and need service in long period of time in the existing system (copy Machine).

The fourth point of strength is also very essential one, it is about no any concern of network
communication failed issue. The existing system distribute the questions manually by the
examiners or by teachers of the school. There is also fifth point of strength in the existing system
it is about the issue of not worry for system jamming, operating system crashes and that of
hacking issue, but notice that we are not saying cheating because it doesn’t concern about it since
it is still paper based. The final point of sixth point of strength is there is no any frustration and
bogey of the exam because the overwhelming of our country examination system is led by
manual system on paper based, so every student developed the psychology of its community
service psychology. However, the easy technique is come it for won’t be accepted and adapted
easily as before.

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2.4. Weakness of the existing system
The current manual process of the school costs very high in every aspect according to our data
collection as well as we observe. So the process consumes high amount of organizational budget
when purchasing exam paper, purchasing ink for printers and copy machines. Another one is it
consumes student’s time and personal budget when they came to the exam hall. so this leads the
organizations as well as students to a great wastage of cost.

Not only cost and time consumption, it also allows stealing of exams when it goes through their
predefined path as we write on introduction to proposed system. Here of it has less security
features. Some of the weakness of the existing system is as the following:-

 High cheating during examination.

 Students may miss writing their name and other personal information such as
section and roll number.
 Examinees papers may lost after exam, so this leads students to loss their marks.
 High amount of time and effort is consumed during the process.
 Copy machines may be fail or eject papers.
 Instructors may calculate students mark correctly.

SWOT Analysis Summarization

Strength
 Don’t need any skill of
networking, implementation, using
computer to give and take the exam.
 Don’t need any network device
like UTP cable, router, switch, hub and
RJ45.
 No need of worry of electric light
existence or to have automatic generator.
Weakness
 Match amount of time and effort
consumption.
 Paper multiplication failer and
cost.
 Incorrectly record of students
data.
 Missing students’ exam paper.
 Vulnerable for cheating in various

15
  There is no any concern of
jamming network and system crash.
 No bogey of exam by lack of
technology experience.
Opportunity
 There is no existing online
examination system for the school.
 The current world wide issue of
COVID-19 pandemic disease gives us a
chance to study the problem and to find a
solution.
16
ways.
Threat
 The development of new version
of online examination system with
capability of examining subjective
questions.
 The spread of malware and Trojan
horses that can harmfully attack the
system database.
 Chapter Three
System Analysis
3.1. Introduction
In the preceding two chapters we have discussed the introduction of the online examination and
the description of existing system. In this chapter we consider model of the proposed system:
major new systems and sub systems that undergoing design and implementation.

The process of design and implementation involves continual tradeoffs between cost and
performance. Qualifying the performance implications of various alternatives is central to this
process.it is also extremely challenging. In the existing system, measurement of examining or
examination is available however some of its feature is limited. In case of proposed system its
straight forward (PC number and strong communication) for the best experience of the system as
well many constraints we have mentioned at the above chapters. for this reason, it is tempting to
rely on seat-of-the-pants performance projection which all too often prove to be significantly in
error. The consequences can be serious, for performance, like reliability, is best design in, rather
than added on.

Recently, progress has been made in online examination general framework for projecting the
performance of proposed systems. There has been a confluence of idea between software and
performance evaluation, with online examination system central role for the school. The purpose
of this chapter is to present the element of this framework. In section 3.2 we discuss, in a
functional requirement of the proposed system. In section 3.3 we deal with non-functional
requirements of the proposed system. Then in section 3.4 discuss about analysis model with all
encompasses of diagrams in major section of 5 sub note topics like use case diagram, sequence
diagram, activity diagram, and class diagram then finally we present the user interface design:
what it looks like.

17
3.2. Functional Requirements
The functional requirements of the system describe the necessary functions for which the system
is expected to fulfill. These requirements are helpful to clearly understand the scope and the
objective of the system and consequently this will be helpful for designing the system
effectively. It is also defined as the intended/planned behaviors of the system or the study of
what the system should be able to do. our proposed system will meets the following functional
requirements:-

 The system should allow using users’ friendly and dynamically interactive online
examination system.
 The system should allow creating new account for users.
 The system should allow login to the system only authorized and authenticated users.
 The system should validate and authenticate the users’ username and password.
 The system should allow enroll(register) examinees.
 The examinees can take their exam in online and see their exam result.
 Calculate total marks of exams for each examinee and show that online.
 The department head can check and edit exam.
 Teachers can add exam and view feed backs from students.

 The system should allow students to give feedback.

 The system should allow department head to approve exam.

The database of the system should provide the following functionality.

Data entry: This is the functionality that data is entered to the systems. The system serves
different interface that can manage data entry mechanisms such as examinees registration form,
ad exam and question form etc.

Data processing: The system on input data provided the following data processing: examinee
registration, verify the requested information, validate examinees information, generate

18
examinees mark report, allow student to submit assignment, provide the option students to view
mark report online, post assignments online.

3.3. Non-functional Requirements

Non-functional requirement is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge
the operation of a system. Non-functional requirements are often called qualities which are
expected from the system. It is one of the system requirements which the proposed system
should include security, availability, and performance etc. the following are different non-
functional requirements of the proposed or new system can perform. Those are:-

Performance: Since the system is web based, the deliver response time of the system
should be very fast. It perform its activity that are relating to the examination is accurately.

Usability:-this system allows all examinees to participate in exam easily with in the school.
Availability: The system should be available for access at exam day. And also, the interaction
between the examinees and the system is more than enough to know about the examination
process.
Error handling: - This system allows preventing or eliminating of error by displaying
the message box or the system warns the users who make errors.

Specifically our project includes the following system nonfunctional requirements:-

 Validating incorrect inputs such as user name and password through scripting language
such as JAVASCRIPT.
 The system should be reliable and robust.
 The system should completely consistent in its features. This is done by using same type
of graphics in all pages.
 The system should be user friendly; be.
 Interface shouldn’t have very much graphics.
 Interface shouldn’t have hidden buttons.
 Interface should produce relevant error messages.

19
3.4. Analysis Model
Analysis model is a technical representation of the system. It acts as a link between system
description and design model. In analysis modeling, information, behavior and functions of the
system is defined and translated into the architecture, component and interface level design in the
design modeling.

3.4.1. Use case Diagrams

Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and helps the developers understand of what
the user require. The stick man represents what’s called an actor. Use case diagram can be useful
for getting an overall view of the system and clarifying who can do and more importantly what
they can’t do.

It is a description of set of sequence of actions. Graphically it is rendered as an ellipse with solid

line including only its name. It is an association between the use cases and actors. An actor
represents a real-world object.
Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction between the use case
and actors.

 The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and actor.
 To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
 An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system.

20
 Figure 1.1 System use case diagram

Use case Description

Table 1: Use case Description for Login

Use case Name Login

ID UC1
Actor Student, teacher, department head, principal,
vice-principal and administrator
Description Users are authenticated and taken to their own
user page.

21
 Pre-condition Users know his/her user name and password.
Post-condition User is authenticated and taken to his/her own
user page
Basic course of action 1. The user opens the main home page.
2.the system display the Main Home
page(login page)
3. The user inputs user name and password
and submits
4. The system validates the account.
5. The user login into his/her page
Alternative course of action If the login name or password is invalid The
system displays invalid user name or
password message.

Table 1: Use case Description for Enroll

Use case Name Enroll

ID UC2
Actor Student
Description A student or examinee can enroll on a system
to take their exam.
Pre-condition Students have to know and fill the requested
information.
Post-condition User is enrolled and taken to his/her login
page.
Basic course of action 1. The examinee opens the main home page.
2.the system display the enrollment form in
Home page
3. The user inputs requested information and
submit

22
 4. The system validates the filled information.
Alternative course of action If the information is not fully filled, the
system displays error message.

Table 1: Use case Description for take exam

Use case Name Take exam

ID UC3
Actor Student(examinee)
Description A student or examinee can take exam on a
system.
Pre-condition Students have to enrolled first to conduct the
exam.
Post-condition Examinees’ is enrolled and view his/he result
page.
Basic course of action 1. The examinee opens the main home page
and login through the login page..
2.the system display exam questions in take
exam page
3. The user answers the questions through
clicking radio buttons.
Alternative course of action If the student doesn’t finish on time the exam
page going to closed and shows the result.

Table 1: Use case Description for take view schedule

Use case Name View Schedule

ID UC4
Actor Student (examinee), teacher, department head,
principal and administrator.

23
 Description Users can view exam schedule in schedule
page.
Pre-condition Users have to open the home page and clicks
view schedule link.
Post-condition Users can view schedule and go back to
home.
Basic course of action 1. The examinee opens the main home page.
2. Click the view schedule link.

Table 1: Use case Description for create account

Use case Name Create Account

ID UC5
Actor Administrator.
Description Administrator can create a new user account.
Pre-condition Admin have to open the home page and login
by using his account.
Post-condition Create account and then assign role to that
account..
Basic course of action 1. The examinee opens the main home page.
2. Click the login link and enter user name
and password.
3. Fill the create account form and submit to
the system.

24
3.4.2. Sequence Diagram
Sequence diagram and collaboration diagram are called INTERACTION DIAGRAMS. An
interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting of set of objects and their relationship
including the messages that may be dispatched among them. It is an introduction that empathizes
the time ordering of messages. Graphically a sequence diagram is a table that shows objects
arranged along the X-axis and messages ordered in increasing time along the Y-axis.

Figure 1.2 sequence diagram for user login

25
Figure 1.3 sequence diagram for student signup and take exam

26
Figure 1.4 sequence diagram for school principal to check and approve exam

Figure 1.65sequence diagram for teacher

27
Figure 1.7 sequence diagram for vice-principal

Figure 1.8sequence diagram for administrator

3.4.3. Activity Diagram

An activity is a behaviour that specifies the sequence of steps a computational process performs.
In an interaction, the focus is on the set of objects that interact. In an activity, the focus is on the

flows among steps without regard to which object performs each step. A step of an activity is

called an action. Graphically, an action is rendered as a rounded rectangle with a name indicating
its purpose.

28
Figure 2.0 Activity diagram for login

29
Figure 2.1 Activity diagram for take exam

30
Figure 2.3 Activity diagram for add exam

31
Figure 2.4 Activity diagram for check exam standard

32
Figure 2.5 Activity diagram for manage account

3.4.4. Class Diagram

Class is nothing but a structure that contains both variables and methods. The Class Diagram
shows a set of classes, interfaces, and collaborations and their relating ships. There is most
common diagram in modeling the object oriented systems and are used to give the static view of
a system. It shows the dependency between the classes that can be used in our system.

33
Figure 3.0 class diagram

3.4.5. User Interface Design

User interface is about how the system looks like. Means it defines the graphics of the whole
system pages. This includes the color, button arrangement, font style, image use and others. so
this done by some style sheet languages such as CSS and Bootstrap as well as the whole
structure of the system content is done by HTML.

34
We used a consistent color because color consistency is necessary to attract the system users.
The colors those we consistently used for our system are orange, light gray, black and white.
These colors combined to get the following system interface.

img1.1 home page.

35
Img 1.2:- user’s login page.

Img1.3 login page in home.

36
Img1.4 take exam page.

Img1.5 view result page.

37
Img1.6 add exam page.

Img1.7 manage exam page for admin. Here the admin can remove exams after exam completion.

38
Img1.8 manage user page for admin.

Img1.9 Comment page for admin.

39
 Chapter Four
System Design
4.1. Introduction
System design is the transformation of the analysis model into a system design model. During
system design, developers define the design goals of the project and decompose the system into
smaller subsystems that can be realized by individual teams. Developers also select strategies for
building the system, such as the hardware/software platform on which the system will run, the
persistent data management strategy, the global control flow, the access control policy, and the
handling of boundary conditions. The result of system design is a model that includes a clear
description of each of these strategies, subsystem decomposition, and a UML deployment
diagram representing the hardware/software mapping of the system.
System design is not algorithmic. Professionals and academics have, however, developed
pattern solutions to common problems and defined notations for representing software
architectures. In this chapter, we first present these building blocks and then discuss the design
activities that have impact on these buildings blocks. In particular, system design includes:

 The definition of design goals

 The decomposition of the system into subsystems
 The selection of off-the-shelf and legacy components
 The mapping of subsystem to hardware
 The selection of a persistent data management infrastructure
 The selection of an access control policy
 The selection of a global control flow mechanism
 The handling of boundary conditions

4.2. Purpose of the System Design Document

Design system is a comprehensive guide for project design is a collection of rules, principles,
constraints and best practices. The core element of design system is often a library of UI
components. These UI elements have also their representation implemented in code. Design
systems are often called the single source of truth for the team involved in product creation. It

40
allows the team to design, develop and maintain the quality of the product. Creating systems
sounds like a lot of work we can save lots of hours using some tools. However, it has got
multiple benefits that make the system worth preparing here are the main purposes of the system
design document:

 Consistency - thanks to design system developers we are able to implement consistent UI

much easier. They can think of the particular page as of the set of components. For
EXAMPLE, developers do not to think that this is a button with #0203fa background.
14pt open sands Bold font and 8px padding. The engineer knows that this is just a
primary button, and he is using this component in multiple pages. So, we do as like as
professionals on our system.
 Higher Quality – consistency makes the impression of higher quality. Quality Assurance
specialists will easily monitor the implemented design with system design
documentation. Inconsistency should appear rarely. This also applied on our system.
 Better Communication with Development Team – System design is single source of
truth. This means it also contains Vocabulary that may be used in our project. When we
develop and design discuss the page, we will use the same name of the components.
Thanks to this we will not to talk about ‘’ this small purple button.’’ But the secondary
one, many mistakes where done because of misunderstanding. Design system allows us
to speak in the same naming convention.
 Focus more on UX, less on Visuals – using UI library means we do not have to figure
out every time what should be the appearance of the input field on this page. It is already
defined. The visual are previously described in the system. Now we can compose new
pages with them and focus more o better usability and delightful experiences.

The structure of a software development design document depends on the particular project, but
major sections usually remain the same. Each section typically features goals and their detailed
description. It’s essential to use precise vocabulary – no sales talk. Everybody in the team should
understand our common objectives – so the simpler the statements are, the better.

41
This document will provide the team and the stakeholders with information about the software’s
structure, architecture, and requirements. It will also describe the process and detail the
constraints with graphical and narrative documentation. This software design document includes
a series of Architectural Design, Logical View of the Architecture, Process View, Deployment
View and guidelines on the process. This file will be referred to during the entire project and can
be edited upon all involved bodies agreement.

In the introduction, the team will briefly describe the structure of the document and its assets.
Yes, it may seem not obvious especially for quick projects, but the decision pays off. At first our
team and others may feel overwhelmed by constraints. We may think that it limits us, but at the
end, the solution should be created much faster with better quality.

4.3. Scope
Online examination system is widely used as compared to other exams in developing country
especially in developed countries. Online examination system can be used in private institutes.
As it is user friendly web base application LAN connected in the school fixed exam rooms. And
as well as in any educational institutions. As it is user friendly web base application WAN
connected anywhere any time.

This will create advanced or new dimension of education system and evaluation system for the
school as well as for our Country educational system. This system totally can stop cheating as
per the system is advanced and developed. And also promote worldwide standardization of
questions hoicks and taking exam for proper evaluation of individuals performance on a given
specific topic.

Our Online examination system is designed for educational institute of BNB school for the time
bring. It works in the school Local Area Network only not on Wide Area Network from
everywhere. The system handles all the operations and generates grades and points as soon as the
test is finished. The type of questions the system support is only multiple choice and true false.

Every software may have some cases of bugs, errors, security related weak side or system faults.
There are many problems or system faults for example; computer collapse or crush due to power

42
supply problem will invalidate efforts of number of students. There are large numbers of chances
in which software may produce wrong results or may display invalid data. These bugs must be
identified and solved for improving quality of software. So, in future we can develop more
secure and advanced version of software by using advanced technologies and algorithms. In
order to eliminate any inconvenience with our current system and ingratiate oneself our system
for other school institutions and Training Organizations.

4.4. Architectural Design

Online examination system is widely used as compared to other exams in developing country
specially in developed countries. Online examination system can be used in private institutes. As
it is user friendly web base application LAN connected in the school fixed exam rooms. And as
well as in any educational institutions. As it is user friendly web base application WAN
connected anywhere any time.

This will create advanced or new dimension of education system and evaluation system for the
school as well as for our Country educational system. This system totally can stop cheating as
per the system is advanced and developed. And also promote worldwide standardization of
questions hoicks and taking exam for proper evaluation of individuals performance on a given
specific topic.

Our Online examination system is designed for educational institute of BNB school for the time
bring. It works in the school Local Area Network only not on Wide Area Network from
everywhere. The system handles all the operations and generates grades and points as soon as the
test is finished. The type of questions the system support is only multiple choice and true false.

Every software may have some cases of bugs, errors, security related weak side or system faults.
There are many problems or system faults for example; computer collapse or crush due to power
supply problem will invalidate efforts of number of students. There are large numbers of chances
in which software may produce wrong results or may display invalid data. These bugs must be
identified and solved for improving quality of software. So, in future we can develop more
secure and advanced version of software by using advanced technologies and algorithms. In

43
order to eliminate any inconvenience with our current system and ingratiate oneself our system
for other school institutions and Training Organizations.

We use 3-tier architectural model for our project because of it provides scalability, performance,
availability for the system. It can also scale without degraded performance since no separate
connections from each client are not required. There is improved data integrity because data
corruption from client applications can be eliminated by the data in the business tier for
validation
User (Presentation) Tier: End-users operate on this tier and they know nothing about any
existence of the database beyond this layer.
Application (Middle) Tier: At this tier reside the application server and the programs that
access the database. For a user, this application tier presents an abstracted view of the database.
End-users are unaware of any existence of the database beyond the application. At the other end,
the database tier is not aware of any other user beyond the application tier. Hence, the application
layer sits in the middle and acts as a mediator between the end-user and the database.
Database (Data) Tier: At this tier, the database resides along with its query processing
languages. We also have the relations that define the data and their constraints at this level.

44
4.4.1. Logical View of the Architecture
Logical view is concerned with functionality that the system provides to end-users. UML
diagrams are used to represent the logical view and include class diagrams and state diagrams.
Also includes activity and sequence diagrams.

4.4.2. Process View

The process view deals with the dynamic aspects of the system, explains the system process and
how they communicate and focuses on the run time behavior of the system. The process view
addresses concurrency, distribution, integrator, performance and scalability etc. UML diagram to
represent process view includes the sequence diagram shown in figure 1.1 – 1.8 and activity
diagram shown in figure 2.1-2.5 and also in communication diagram shown in figure below.

45
4.4.3. Deployment View
UML deployment diagrams are used to depict the relationship among run-time components and
hardware nodes. Components are self-contained entities that provide services to other
components or actors. A Web server, for example, is a component that provides services to Web
browsers. A Web browser such as Chrome is a component that provides services to a user. A
distributed system can be composed of many interacting run-time components. In UML
deployment diagrams, nodes are represented by boxes containing component icons.
Dependencies between components are represented by dashed arrows.

46
Figure 4.0 deployment diagram

4.5. Database Design

Database design is defined as collection of steps that help with designing, creating, implementing
and maintaining a business data management system. The main purpose of designing a database
is to produce physical and logical models of designs for the proposed database system.

Entity relationship diagram, also known as ER diagram or ER model, is a type of structural

diagram for use in database design. An ERD contains different symbols and connectors that
visualize two important information: The major entities within the system scope, and the inter-
relationship among these entities.

47
Figure 5.0 Relational Database Design Diagram

48
 Chapter Five
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1. Conclusion
The system will be designed in such a way that future modifications can be done easily. Because
we used an object oriented concept, and every parts of the system is viewed as particular system.
So every parts of the system can be modified easily. The following conclusions can be deduced
from the development of the project.

 Automation of the system improves the efficiency of examination.

 It provides an efficient way which proves to be better when compared to the
existing system.
 It gives appropriate access to the authorized users depending on their permissions.
 It effectively overcomes the delay in communications.
 Updating of information such as adding exam and questions becomes so easier.
 System security, data security and reliability are the striking features.
 The System has adequate scope for modification in future if it is necessary.

5.2. Recommendation
According to scope of our project the team develops web based application. Because of the time
constraint we may have limitation which should be consideration in, but in the feature the team
believes that this system should be fully operational by adding some functionality that are not
included in the proposed system. Also developing mobile application to easily taking the exam.
We also want to recommend other coming students to make this project expanded and more
automated with additional functionalities and by integrating with many new technologies.
such as:

 Adding some security features to identify examinees. For example digital

signature.
 Adding machine learning concept to include subjective questions on exam.

49
 Reference

[1].information management systemhttps://www.techopedia.com/definition /25748/information

management-system accessed:
[2]. Functional requirement: http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/functional-requirement accessed
[3]. Technical Feasibility, Economic Feasibility, Operational Feasibility, Legal
Feasibility:http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/sa3-technical-economic-
operationallegal.html accessed
[4]. [Class diagram] https://www.visual-paradigm.com/VPGallery/diagrams/Class.html accessed
[5]. Physical data model definition https://www.techopedia.com/definition/30500/physical-data-
model accessed
[6]. What is activity diagram and its purpose
http://www.modernanalyst.com/Careers/InterviewQuestions/tabid/117/ID/371/Wht-is-
anActivity-Diagram-and-what-is-its-purpose.aspx accessed25/04/2010E.C
[7].sequencediagram.https://www.visualparadigm.com/VPGallery/diagrams/Sequence.html
accessed on 25/04/2010E.C
[8].system development
methodlogy:https://www.slideshare.net/devonravihansa17/systemdevelopment-methodologies-
34342736 accessed on 26/04/2010E.C [5] Modern system analysis and design third edition by
JEFFERY A.HOFFER, JOEY F.GEORGE, and JOSEPH S.VALACLCH (for the analysis and
design class diagram detail operation, attribute, inheritance and association.)

[9].User Interface https://www.google.com/search?q=user%20interface&cad=h.On

[10].deploymentdigramhttps://www.google.com/search?q=deployment%20diagram
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[11] Database designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_design

50
 Appendix
List of figures found in this paper work are describe about the logical concept of online
examination that how to work and flow of tasks look like. Figure 1.1 – 1.8 describes about
sequence diagram of the online examination system constructed by visual paradigm 2013. Figure
2.0 – 2.5 deals about class diagram of the proposed system above explained. Also, there are
found many diagrams and images that shows inside of the system task and UI design of the
online examination system look like. every figure inside the project paper will discuss the detail
structure of our online examination system should operate and complete its task.

The online examination question interface design will be as follows:

1. Do you use computer to perform your examination? for example taking online
examination for Biology.
o Yes
o No

2. Do you prefer online examination or manual system exist before?

o Yes
o No
3. Do you think the online examination will help you to do your examination faster?
o Yes indeed
o Not absolutely
o Not better but good
4. Which one of the following is secondary storage of a computer?
o RAM
o Hard disk
o All
5.Which one of the following is Input devices of a computer?
o Keyboard
o Mouse
o All

51
 ADVISER APPROVAL

I approve that this industrial project report entitled “Online Examination System for BNB

Learning Center for Elementary and High School, Hawassa.” by:

Name Signature

1. Natnael Kifle (EVCS/126/09)

2. Noah Tesfaye (EVCS/131/09)

3. Biniam Anbesse (EVCS/030/09)

is approved by me for submission. I certify further that, to the best of my knowledge, the report
represents work carried out by the students.

__________________ _________________________ ________________________

Date Signature Name of Adviser

Examining committee members’ Signature

1.

2.

3.

4.

It is approved that this project has been written in compliance with the formatting rules laid down by the
university.

52