PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

Group 3:
Leader: Dumpe, Jenny
Members:
Furio, Juliana
Arciaga, Marc
Recto, Marilyn
Medalla, Shaliey Apreal Milkca
Guillas, Michelle

The Grammar of Philippine Linguistics

I. Objectives

a. Examine the structure of the language

b. Understand the social and emotional aspects involved in language use
c. Understand the social and emotional aspects involved in language use

II. Question III. Explanation

1. Which word order is most common in the
Philippine language?
a. Verb-subject-object
b. Subject-verb-object
c. Object-subject-verb
d. Subject-object-verb
In this question, the right answer is the subject-verb-object
which Filipinos commonly use in constructing a sentence. Let's
have the simplest example we can provide.
In this sentence: Si Maria ay kumain ng mangga.
"Si maria" stands as the subject in a way that she's the one
performing the action which is the word "kumain" affected by
the object which is the word mangga.

If we're gonna translate it in English, it will be "Maria ate the

mango."

Same format, but the difference is that in tagalog, we emphasize

each subject, verb and object with the use of is, ay, and ng.

2. What is the term for the particles used to Case markers are essential elements in many languages,
indicate the grammatical function of nouns including Tagalog, used to indicate the grammatical function of
and pronouns in Philippine languages? nouns and pronouns within a sentence. These markers help
a. Classifiers establish the relationships between different parts of speech,
b. Case markers such as subjects, objects, and possessives.
c. Reduplication
d. Affixes We'll give you the most common example to simplify the
explanation to this one.

We'll have the subject marker.

In Tagalog, "ang" is a case marker used to indicate the subject of

a sentence.
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For example: Ang batang lalaki ay naglaro sa parke. (The boy

played in the park.)
In this sentence, "ang" marks "batang lalaki" (the boy) as the
subject. The word "ang" indicates "batang lalaki" as the
someone who played in the park.

[Object Marker:

In Tagalog, "ng" is a case marker used to indicate the object of a

sentence.
Example: Kumain ako ng masarap na pagkain. (I ate delicious
food.)
Here, "ng" marks "masarap na pagkain" (delicious food) as the
object.
Possessive Marker:

Tagalog also uses case markers to denote possession.

Example: Ang bahay ng aking magulang. (The house of my
parents.)
In this sentence, "ng" indicates possession, showing that the
house belongs to "aking magulang" (my parents).]

3. Which of the following is NOT a common Gender markers in language are elements used to indicate the
feature of verb phrases in many Philippine gender of nouns or pronouns. In some languages, gender markers
languages? are overt and explicitly marked on nouns or pronouns, while in
a. Tense markers others, gender may be implied through context or agreement
b. Aspect markers patterns. However, in many Philippine languages, gender
c. Gender markers distinctions are often limited or absent, particularly within verb
d. Focus markers phrases.

Let's have an example here: Tagalog, the word for "child" is

"bata," and it does not change based on the gender of the child.
Whether the child is a boy or a girl, the same word "bata" is
used.
"Ang bata ay masaya." (The child is happy.)

Another example is the word "sya" in which it doesn't

necessarily indicates whether the subject is a girl or boy.
Depending on the kind of sentence that is used before it.

For example. Si Maria ay maganda. Sya ay maganda.

4. In Tagalog, the word "ang" can function as Yes, it is true that the word "ang" can be both definite article and
both a definite article and a topic marker. topic maker.
True or False?
a. true In Tagalog, "ang" is commonly used a a definite article before
b. false nouns to specify that the nown is referring to a particular subject.
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COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

For example: Ang bahay; Ang mangga; Ang kotse

In these examples, ang precedes the nouns "bahay; kotse;

mangga" to indicate that they are the specific subjects being
referred to.

On the other hand, "ang" as a topic maker functions by

indicating the topic or focus of the sentence.

For example: Ang pagkain ay masarap. In English, it translates

to as "The food is delicious"

In this sentence "ang" pertains to "pagkain" as the topic or main

subject of the sentence.

5. Cebuano uses classifiers more extensively Cebuano uses a wider range of classifiers than Tagalog to
than Tagalog. True or False? categorize nouns based on shape, size, material, and other
a. True properties" is true. Classifiers, also known as noun classifiers
b. False or measure words, are words or affixes used to classify or
categorize nouns based on various characteristics such as
shape, size, texture, or material. While both Cebuano and
Tagalog use classifiers, Cebuano tends to have a broader
range and more extensive usage of classifiers compared to
Tagalog.

6. Which of the following languages belongs Chamorro belongs to the Austronesian language family,
to a different language family than most specifically within the Chamorric branch of the Malayo-
Philippine languages? Polynesian subgroup. While most Philippine languages also
a. Ilocano belong to the Austronesian family, they are typically classified
b. Chamorro within the Philippine subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian
c. Kapampangan branch. Chamorro is primarily spoken in the Mariana Islands,
d. Hiligaynon including Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, while
Philippine languages are spoken in the Philippines archipelago.
Despite their shared Austronesian heritage, Chamorro and
Philippine languages may exhibit differences in vocabulary,
grammar, and phonology due to historical and geographical
factors.

7. What is the main purpose of "agglutinative
morphology" in Philippine languages?
a. To change the meaning of words
based on context
b. To create complex words by
adding smaller units
c. To indicate grammatical relationships
between words
d. To shorten commonly used phrases
Agglutinative morphology in Philippine languages serves to
express grammatical relationships between words by adding
affixes such as prefixes, infixes, and suffixes to root words. This
allows for the formation of complex words where the added
affixes indicate various grammatical functions such as tense,
aspect, mood, case, and plurality.
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8. How does the concept of "topic" differ
from the concept of "subject" in Philippine
languages?
a. Topic refers to the grammatical
subject, while subject refers to the
main theme.
b. Topic is always marked by a specific
particle, while subject is not.
c. Topic can be any element in the
sentence, while subject is limited to
nouns.
d. There is no difference between topic
and subject in Philippine languages.
9. What is the significance of understanding
the grammar of Philippine languages?
a. To improve communication skills in
Tagalog and Cebuano
b. To appreciate the diversity and
complexity of human languages
c. To contribute to language
preservation efforts in the Philippines
d. All of the above
10. What is the primary role of the particle
"ang" in Tagalog sentences?
a. Indicating future tense
b. Marking the subject of the
sentence
c. Denoting possession
d. Emphasizing adjectives
11. What does the use of reduplication in
Philippine languages, such as repeating a
syllable, typically indicate?
a. Intensification or emphasis
b. Past tense
c. Pluralization
d. Future tense
12. Which of the following is a common
grammatical feature of Philippine English in
written texts?
a. Deviations in subject-verb
agreement
Understanding the difference between "topic" and "subject" in
sentences is essential. The subject is the doer of the action, like
"the cat" in "The cat is sleeping." The topic is the main theme,
like "When the sun sets" in "When the sun sets, the stars appear."
The topic can be broader, including phrases or clauses. For
example, in "On the table, there is a book," "On the table" is the
topic indicating the location, while "a book" is the subject. This
distinction helps us grasp sentence structure and meaning more
clearly.
Understanding the grammar of Philippine languages is
invaluable as it facilitates effective communication, fosters
language appreciation, and supports preservation efforts. By
delving into the grammar of these languages, individuals can
navigate conversations more skillfully, gaining insight into the
nuances of expression and cultural context. Moreover,
appreciating the grammatical intricacies of Philippine languages
enhances one's appreciation for linguistic diversity and the
richness of local cultures. Additionally, by comprehending the
grammar, individuals contribute to the preservation of these
languages, safeguarding them for future generations and
ensuring their continued vitality in an ever-changing world.
The particle "ang" in Tagalog serves various functions beyond
marking the subject. While it commonly indicates the subject, it
also acts as a definite article, providing specificity, and as a topic
marker, guiding the focus of the sentence. This versatile usage
helps structure Tagalog sentences, aiding clarity and
understanding in communication.
Reduplication, or the repetition of a syllable in Philippine
languages, often indicates intensification or emphasis rather than
changes in tense or plurality.
Reduplication, or the repetition of a syllable in Philippine
languages, often indicates intensification or emphasis rather than
changes in tense or plurality.
Subject-verb agreement is the grammatical principle where the
form of the verb in a sentence corresponds with the number
(singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third) of the
subject. In Philippine English writing, it's often noted that there
are inconsistencies or deviations in ensuring this agreement
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b. Incorrect use of prepositions
c. Misuse of articles
d. Incorrect use of tenses
between subjects and verbs. For example, a singular subject may
be paired with a plural verb or vice versa. This deviation can
affect the clarity and accuracy of written communication and is a
notable feature that requires attention in Philippine English
writing.

13. What is the common word order for In Filipino language construction, adjectives typically precede
adjectives in Filipino sentences? the noun they modify. For example, in the phrase "maliit na
a. Noun-Adjective bahay" (small house), "maliit" (small) comes before "bahay"
b. Adjective-Noun (house). This word order allows for clarity and precision in
c. Adjective-Verb expressing attributes or qualities associated with the noun. By
d. Verb-Adjective placing the adjective before the noun it describes, Filipino
speakers convey information about the characteristic or property
of the noun in a structured and grammatically consistent manner.

14. There are grammatical gender distinctions False, most Philippine languages do not have grammatical
in Philippine languages? gender distinctions like those found in languages such as French
a. True or Spanish. Instead, they typically use context, classifiers, or
b. False other markers to indicate specificity or prominence.

Unlike languages such as French or Spanish, most Philippine

languages do not employ grammatical gender distinctions.
Instead, they rely on context, classifiers, or other markers to
convey specificity or importance.

15. Tagalog language strictly follows the Tagalog does not strictly adhere to the SVO word order in all
subject-verb-object (SVO) word order in all sentence structures. While it has a basic SVO word order,
sentence structures? flexibility in word order can occur depending on the context,
a. True emphasis, or nature of the sentence.
b. False
Tagalog exhibits a basic Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) word order
in many sentence structures, but it is not strictly bound to this
arrangement. Instead, flexibility in word order is a notable
feature of Tagalog, where variations occur based on context,
emphasis, or the nature of the sentence. While the default SVO
order is commonly observed, the language allows for
adjustments to accommodate different communicative needs. For
instance, in sentences where emphasis is placed on a particular
element, such as the subject or object, word order may shift
accordingly. Additionally, contextual factors or stylistic choices
may influence word order variations, enabling speakers to
convey nuanced meanings or highlight specific information
within the sentence. This flexibility in word order enhances the
expressiveness and adaptability of Tagalog in conveying
complex ideas and engaging in diverse forms of communication.