JAYVEE CAINTO

BSP 2A

1. Differentiate the types of Philippine Music

as stated by R. Osal (2021)
Indigenous
Ethnic music in the Philippines was founded by various tribal groups and is based on an
admiration for native instruments used in these peoples' various rituals and worldly
activities. Wind instruments, chordophones or stringed instruments, idiophones or
percussion instruments struck with a hammer, against each other, or against another
object such as the hand, and membranophones or percussion instruments using animal
skins or membranes are the most common types of native instruments. Nonetheless,
ethnic music was created not only through the use of instruments, but also through the
use of the people's voices. Like instruments, vocal music expresses and transmits a
wide range of native peoples' thoughts, beliefs, lifestyles, character, and way of life in a
concrete and vivid manner. Singing is an important part of everyday life among the
people. People used to sing solo or in groups depending on the song's composition,
with or without accompaniment or lyrics. Improvisation was prominent, and music was
created with little understanding of music theory (Anupol, 2007).

Spanish-European
When Hispanics occupied the Philippines, they had a significant impact on its music.
This period's music is one of the foundations of modern Filipino music. Guitars became
popular during this time. As a result, the guitar was used in nearly all musical forms
during this time (Anupol, 2007). The harana, kundiman, and rondalla were the three
main types that were introduced to the Filipinos. The majority of these styles were
created as a result of the blending of indigenous musical genres with classical Spanish
and Mexican music. In Spain, a male will court a woman by singing to her at night
beneath her window in a practice known as the harana. The guitar is the primary
instrument used for the harana. The beginning of the lyrical song "Kundiman" is in a
minor key, whereas the second part is in a major key. The lyrics tell a variety of love
experiences, from heartbreak to unrequited love. A group of instruments make up a
rondalla. Philippine rondallas include the piccolo bandurria, bandurria, la-ud, and the
guitar-shaped octavina and mandola, guitarra, and double bass (Anupol, 2007).

American
When the Americans arrived, they brought blues, folk, R&B, and rock and roll with them.
They also incorporated music into the school curriculum. This enhanced Filipinos'
musical abilities, which they used to imitate Western music and create local versions of
Western music. At a much later date, the Philippines promoted its own talents, such as
Lea Salonga. Jukeboxes, AM radio, American dance halls, vaudeville, jazz, Broadway
musicals, and vinyl records on which they listened to American rock bands were
popular during this time period (Anupol, 2007).

References
Anupol et al. (2007). Philippine Music. Retrieved from http://philippinesheritage.ph/filer/toledo-
cebu/PHILIPPINE%20MUSIC.pdf

Osal, R. (2021). Filipino Folk Music. World Federation of Music Therapy.

https://wfmt.info/2012/12/29/filipino-folk-music/