Key Geographical Concepts

 HB reading: pg 6 – 11

KQ1: What is the relationship

between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
 I can describe the relationship between people and nature
I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature
I can explain the disadvantage to people and nature
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment

• Let’s take a look at this article!

• What are some Claims, Support and Question that you can come up
with?

5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment

CLAIM SUPPORT QUESTION

• There are different • Urbanised Singapore • Why must we co-

environments. (built environment), exist?
• People and nature Wildlife (natural • What problems/
co-exist in different environment) benefits will it bring?
environments. • Wildlife in urbanised
Singapore (e.g.
hornbill in novena
condominium)

5 minutes
Which of A B

these is
nature?

C D
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka001’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 1 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?

10 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe the relationship between people and nature

• Local communities and nearby nature areas are dependent upon each
other
• nature areas provides us with essentials like air and water for
survival, places for recreation, bonding and help us to maintain
physical and mental well-being.
• local communities help conserve natural environments by protecting
flora and fauna and encouraging one another to enjoy nearby nature
areas in a sustainable manner without causing irreversible damage.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe the relationship between people and nature
• Local communities and nearby nature areas mutually affect each other.
• In a mutual relationship, the interaction between two parties benefits each other and they coexist
harmoniously.

Example of mutual relationships in human society

Example of mutual relationships in nature areas

• Maintaining relationships between people and nature → sustaining mutual relationships in nature
and in human society.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
2. I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature

• Let’s Watch A Video:

How does the nature areas

in Punggol benefit people?

How do people benefit the

nature areas in Punggol?

5 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka001’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 2 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?

10 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
2. I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature

• Nature areas lower air temperature through shade and evapotranspiration

• Nature areas remove pollutants.
• Vegetation absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during
photosynthesis, absorb sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
• Leaves intercept small particles in the air and wash it down during rain
• Wetland plants improve water quality by trapping suspended materials
and absorbing excess nutrients in the water
• Nature areas provide recreation space for outdoor activities such as biking,
camping, canoeing, hiking and rock-climbing benefiting people.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
2. I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature

• Nature areas benefit from community activities that promote the

importance of environmental protection.
• Local communities can collectively raise awareness about the value
of nature areas which encourages positive behaviour. E.g. NParks
citizen science initiative - Dragonfly Watch.
• Local communities can organise or participate in conservation efforts
that remove pollutants from the environment. E.g. Waterways clean-
up programme organised by the Waterways Watch Society.

5 minutes
 • Complete WS 1

Success Criteria:
I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature

10 minutes
 • Go through WS 1

Success Criteria:
I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature

5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
3. I can explain the disadvantages to people and nature

• Let’s Watch A Video:

Why do you think the wild

boars attacked?

What can people do to

minimize the disadvantages?

5 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka001’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 3 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?

10 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
3. I can explain the disadvantage to people and nature

• A disadvantage: wildlife from nearby nature areas may harm people

• Wildlife attacks on people are expected to increase as urban expansion and
growing interest in outdoor recreation brings people closer to habitats.
These attacks are often triggered by human activities and can cause fear
among some people.
• Another disadvantage: perception that environmental protection limits
development which further neglects people’s needs.
• E.g. the suggestion for the Cross Island Line to be built around, instead of
under, the Central Catchment Nature Reserve to protect our largest patch of
primary rainforest.
5 minutes
 Concept: Interdependence, Environment
KQ1: What is the relationship between people and nature?
Success Criteria:
3. I can explain the disadvantage to people and nature
• Nature areas could suffer from human activities as visitors cause soil erosion.•
• Hiking compacts soil, preventing rainwater from infiltrating the surface –> higher
surface flows → greater soil erosion.
• Nature areas could suffer from human activities as visitors damage vegetation.
• Veer off trails → trample on vegetation, damaging plants and affecting their growth.
• Nature areas could suffer from human activities as visitors cause worsen pollution.
• Littering by visitors worsen pollution in nature areas and can cause animals to get
cut by metal cans or become entangled with plastic containers.
• Nature areas could suffer from human activities as visitors disturb wildlife.
• Some visitors feed wildlife, increasing their numbers beyond the carrying capacity of
our nature areas and these causes them to attack people for food.

5 minutes
 CONCEPT MAP TIME!

• Complete Concept-map #1A (print out)

• Must-haves: thinking geographically, neighbourhoods, nature areas,
communities, temperature, recreation, pollutants, environmental protection,
wildlife, pollution, vegetation, soil erosion
• Amazing: Linking words such as ‘spaces shared by’, ‘symbiotic relationships’, ‘are
home to’, ‘benefit’, ‘promote/ provide’, ‘remove/ lower/ limits’, ‘worsens/
damage/ harms’, ‘cause’, ‘compromise’.

Success Criteria:
 I can describe the relationship between people and nature
I can explain the benefits enjoyed by people and nature
I can explain the disadvantage to people and nature

5 minutes
 CONCEPT MAP #1A!
THINKING GEOGRAPHICALLY
through
spaces shared by
Neighbourhoods

lower provide remove

Temperature Recreation Pollutants
benefit
Communities symbiotic relationships Nature Areas
promote benefit
limits Environmental Protection
harms are home to
Wildlife
worsen
Pollution compromise

damage Vegetation
cause
Soil erosion

5 minutes
  HB reading: pg 12 – 14

KQ2: How do people acquire sense of

place in their neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
I can describe sense of place
I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place
I can explain how sense of place is represented
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe sense of place

• Let’s Watch A Video:

What do you think these

places are special to
residents of Singapore?

5 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka002’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 1 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe sense of place

• The importance, meanings and memories that people associate with

locations in their neighbourhoods create for them a personal sense of
place.
• Our sense of place is subjective depending on our needs, lifestyle and how
we make sense of our experiences of places.
• Locations in the neighbourhood may hold special memories for the specific
group of residents.
• Having a sense of place is important as it helps to build our identity,
enabling us to understand ourselves and others better.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe sense of place
• Our sense of place is the result of experiences with natural and built environment, and
regular interaction with others.
• It can involve both positive and negative experiences that either occurred at or
associated with certain places.
• The built environment may also feature public symbols that reflect a community’s
response to a tragedy, serving as a place for people to preserve their memories of loved
ones.
• We may also develop attachment to everyday places such as shops at town centres
because of our interaction with people at these places.
• Our experiences with people in natural and build environments help us to develop a
sense of place, enabling us to feel that we belong to our neighbourhoods.
5 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?

• Open google jamboard (or any drawing app)

TASK:
1. Think of a location that you have a sense of place about.
2. Search for the location’s images using your PLD.
3. Sketch the image and annotate how you acquired a sense of place
of that location.
4. Share with the class your sketch, submit for teacher’s feedback on
class google file.

10 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka002’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 2 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
2. I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place
• Repeated encounters with objects and people along familiar paths and roads during
daily travel reinforces our sense of place.
• Our ability to recall the character and features of places that we come across during our
daily commute helps us to develop a sense of place.
• As we travel on motor vehicles along roads that connect our neighbourhoods to other
locations, we tend to notice large objects like trees, buildings and structures or their
unusual curves and turns.
• While journeying slower on foot or bicycles, we might be more aware of sensory details
like the sounds and smells of our neighbourhoods/ pay more attention to the texture of
surfaces, contrasting the soft grass against hard concrete walkways.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
2. I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place

• Our sense of place may be associated with significant or memorable

events that took place at local landmarks and gathering places.
• Landmarks are highly visible, easy to remember and associate with
experiences that develop our sense of place.
• Some landmarks may serve symbolic purposes while others serve other
functions.
• Gathering places such as open lawns and plazas are not visually distinctive
spaces, they transform into memorable places during community events.

5 minutes
 • Complete WS 2

Success Criteria:
I can describe sense of place
I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place

10 minutes
 • Go through WS 2

Success Criteria:
I can describe sense of place
I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place

10 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka002’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 3 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
3. I can explain how sense of place is represented
• Individuals and organisations reflect people’s sense of place through different forms
and types of media.
• We may express our sense of place in different forms such as texts, audio, graphics, still
and moving images, and share with others through various media types such as print
media, broadcast media and internet-based media.
• E.g. Channel News Asia’s documentary series - That’s My Backyard OR Instagram
(#sgmemory)
• Thus, there is a lot of media content, depicting variations of people’s sense of place
today.

5 minutes
 Concept: Interaction, Place
KQ2: How do people acquire sense of place in their
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
3. I can explain how sense of place is represented
• Different representations, including emotions expressed by others in the media might
enhance or contradict our sense of place.
• Our sense of place shapes our identity.
• Thus, we respond well to media content that agrees with how we feel about places in
our neighbourhood as they add new layers of meanings to places that we have
developed attachment, enhancing our future experiences of them.
• Media also helps us understand our neighbourhoods better through good storytelling
that reveals interesting information about people and events.
• Inevitably, we respond defensively, dismissing media content that challenges our sense
of place as distortions or untruths.

5 minutes
 CONCEPT MAP TIME!

• Complete Concept-map #1B on a blank piece of writing paper.

• Must-haves: thinking geographically, neighbourhoods, sense of place, media, emotions,
meaning, memories, built environment, natural environment, landmarks, gathering
places
• Amazing: Linking words such as ‘where residents share a common’, ‘represented by
different forms and types’, ‘that people associate with locations’, ‘positive interactions
with others and experiences with’, ‘significant or memorable events at local’, ‘enhance or
contradict’, ‘refers to’, ‘create’

Success Criteria:
I can describe sense of place
I can explain how individuals acquire a sense of place
I can explain how sense of place is represented

10 minutes
 CONCEPT MAP #1B!

5 minutes
  HB reading: pg 15 – 18

KQ3: What is the relationship between

locations in a neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
I can describe regions
I can describe spatial patterns
I can account for spatial associations
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

• Let’s Watch A Video:

Why is there a need to use

SMART technology in the
design?

5 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka003’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 1 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

What are regions?

→ areas with similar physical and/or human characteristics.

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

What makes
these regions
similar? –
physical location

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

What makes
these regions
similar? –
climatic
conditions

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

What makes
these regions
similar? –
geographical
location

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

What makes
these regions
similar? –
human
characteristics
(residential area)

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

• Regions vary in size

• Eg climate zones stretches across the Equator
• Eg cluster of shops selling similar products or offering similar services in
our neighbourhoods.
• We can broadly classified locations in our neighbourhoods as
• nature areas (eg Tampines Eco-Green Park / Sungei Buloh Wetlands
Reserve)
• built-up areas (which can be either residential or commercial regions).

5 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe regions

• Regions can also be the sphere of influence of an object, service or event

on other locations in the area.
• A region’s boundaries are where the effect of the object, service or event is
largely absent.
• Regions could also be the areas that our Town Councils serve.

5 minutes
 STW
Look at the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) map of Singapore.

What shapes do you see in the map?

Why do you think it is placed in this shape?

What else does it make you wonder about?

 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka003’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 2 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
2. I can describe spatial patterns

What are spatial patterns?

→ non-random arrangement of objects, services or events.
• represented by points, lines or polygons.
• Recognising patterns helps us to understand the world around us.

• What are some spatial patterns you can identify?

• Shapes/geometry (eg?)
• clusters (eg?)
• at regular intervals of objects, services or events (eg?)

5 minutes
 WMYST?
• What is a word that comes to mind when you see:
• Hawker Centre
• Changi
• Playground
• What makes you say that?
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka003’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 3 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a

neighbourhood?
10 minutes
 Concept: Relationship, Space
KQ3: What is the relationship between locations in a
neighbourhood?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for spatial associations
What is spatial association?
→ the tendency of a pair of objects, services or events to locate
near each other.
• Egs: lift & stairways

Why are the following spatial associations present in our

neighbourhoods?
• children’s playgrounds are located near adult or elderly fitness
corners
• markets
5 minutes
and hawker centres located next to each other
 CONCEPT MAP TIME!

• Complete Concept-map #1C on a blank piece of writing paper.

• Must-haves: thinking geographically, neighbourhoods, regions, influence, human
characteristics, physical characteristics, spatial associations, tendency,
dependence, spatial patterns, non-random, clusters, geometry.
• Amazing: Linking words such as ‘can be organized as different’, ‘reflect’, ‘share
similar’, ‘of an object, building or event on other locations’, ‘feature’, ‘contain’,
‘refers to’, ‘of a pair to locate near each other suggests’, ‘arrangement that is
recognizable as shapes or’, ‘repeated occurrence’.

Success Criteria:
I can describe regions
I can describe spatial patterns
I can account for spatial associations

10 minutes
 CONCEPT MAP #1C!

5 minutes
  HB reading: pg 19 – 21

KQ4: How are neighbourhoods

organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
I can describe spatial scale in Singapore
I can describe spatial hierarchies in Singapore
I can account for town planning in Singapore
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe spatial scales in Singapore
• Spatial Scale
Examining phenomena and/or processes at different scales to provide us with different perspectives
based on the spatial patterns and trends observed.
• Take a look at the maps below which shows how geographers can observe spatial patterns and
trends of the spread of Dengue using scales.

Global scale

Why is it important to have Regional scale

maps of different scales? National scale
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka004’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 1 and 2 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?

10 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
1. I can describe spatial scales in Singapore
In Singapore..

Commercial
hub Visitors fr other
towns

Town
Town centre
Transport
centre hub

Social hub

5 minutes
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka004’
3. Watch a video
4. Complete the questions of ACTIVITY 3 to gain understanding.
5. Once you have completed your SLS, your teacher will then do a sum
up.

KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?

10 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
2. I can describe spatial hierarchies in Singapore

• Spatial hierarchies
• Nested areas –
smaller areas
located within
larger areas

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
2. I can describe spatial hierarchies in Singapore

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
2. I can describe spatial hierarchies in Singapore
• Can you
identify
facilities?
• Can you
identify the
town centre?
• Is this a
neighbourhood
/ precinct/
town?

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
2. I can describe spatial hierarchies in Singapore
• Spot 3 differences !!

• 1980 A • 2010 B

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for town planning in Singapore

• Let’s Watch A Video:

How are HDBs in Singapore

planned?

5 minutes
DID YOU KNOW?
 Let’s Take Out Your PLD
1. Log into SLS
2. Go to ‘https://go.gov.sg/usgka004’
3. Go to Activity D, Section 3
4. Look for the map ‘Liveability in Bt Panjang’

KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?

10 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for town planning in Singapore

What are the considerations in urban planning in Singapore?

• serves people and nature at the level of the precinct, neighbourhood and town.
• What are egs of land uses in Singapore?
• Housing, industrial and commercial development, then roads, schools, parks and other
essential facilities.
• Other land uses include military facilities, waste treatment plants, power stations,
seaports and airports.
• Facilities found in each town is self-sufficient and provide employment opportunities.
• Mixture of low-rise and high-rise developments to enhance the aesthetic appeal of
towns.
• Connections and synergies are created across precincts, neighbourhoods and towns to
achieve sustainability
5 minutes
 I am a town
planner!
• Let’s turn on your PLDs
• Enter the google classroom & look at the
assignment
• Complete the task on the powerpoint slides
• Submit into google classroom when completed
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for town planning in Singapore

• E.g. Tengah, (Forest Town):

• town level, a dedicated network will enable residents to travel
conveniently within Tengah on foot or by cycling.
• neighbourhood level, residents would have opportunities to farm
together and sell their produce at local markets.
• Precinct level: Basic facilities complemented by a greater variety of
services offered at integrated developments.

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for town planning in Singapore

• Long-term plans at the national level seek to achieve this by optimising scarce land
resources to cater to diverse needs of current and future generations.
• The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) coordinates the long-term planning for
Singapore which maps out land uses, and infrastructure needs over the next 50 years.
• Land planning consider these diverse needs and competing land uses, and make space
for key infrastructure such as expressways, train lines and cycling networks to ensure
connectivity for all.

5 minutes
 Concept: Sustainability, Scale
KQ4: How are neighbourhoods organized in Singapore?
Success Criteria:
3. I can account for town planning in Singapore

• As Singapore is both a city and a sovereign state, we need to accommodate other uses
that are typically not located in cities.
• This includes military facilities, waste treatment plants, power stations, seaports and
airports.
• E.g. Senoko Water-to-Energy Plant, which uses heat from burning wastes to produce
electricity. Agencies and stakeholders had to work together to manage pollution
concerns as they located the plant near two large towns (Woodlands and Sembawang)
and maximise benefits such as job creation and education opportunities for students.

5 minutes
• How well do you know your content concepts?
• https://quizlet.com/704323191/thinking-geographically-flash-cards/
 CONSOLIDATION
CONCEPT MAP TIME!
TASK
• In pairs, open google jamboard (or any concept mapping tool).
• Complete Concept-map #1
• Must-haves: pair names, and all content concepts from each KQ.
• Amazing: Linking words.
• Submit to your teacher for feedback via the class google file.

10 minutes
 CONSOLIDATION
CONCEPT MAP #1!

5 minutes