QUESTION 1

Show the components comprising a typical general-purpose system

used for digital image processing with the help of a diagram and
explain the function of each component

• Image Sensors:
Image sensors senses the intensity, amplitude, co-ordinates and other
features of the images and passes the result to the image processing
hardware. It includes the problem domain.
• Image Processing Hardware:
Image processing hardware is the dedicated hardware that is used to
process the instructions obtained from the image sensors. It passes
the result to general purpose computer.
• Computer:
Computer used in the image processing system is the general
purpose computer that is used by us in our daily life.
• Image Processing Software:
Image processing software is the software that includes all the
mechanisms and algorithms that are used in image processing
system.
• Mass Storage:
Mass storage stores the pixels of the images during the processing.
• Hard Copy Device:
Once the image is processed then it is stored in the hard copy device.
It can be a pen drive or any external ROM device.
• Image Display:
It includes the monitor or display screen that displays the processed
images.
• Network:
Network is the connection of all the above elements of the image
processing system.
QUESTION 2
Dunng acquisition, an image undergoes uniform linear motion in the vertical direction for a
time T1. The direction of motion then switches to the horizontal for a time interval T2.
Assuming that the time it takes the image to change directions is negligible, and that shutter
opening and closing times are negligible. Give an expression for the blurring function, H(u, v).
QUESTION 3
You are preparing a report and must insert an image of size 2048 x 2048 pixels in it. Assuming
no limitations on the printer, what would the resolution in line pairs per mm have to be for
the image to fit in a space of size 5x5 cm?
b. What would the resolution have to be in doi for the image to fit in 2x2 inches?

Since height and width are the same, there is no need to calculate differently for
both.
1) A line pair comprises a dark line and an adjacent light line. This means we need
alteast 2 pixels, one dark and one light. for example, A resolution of 10 lines per
millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per mm.
There can be 2048 lines possible. Hence 1024 line pairs are to be fitted in 5 cm =
50 mm space. Hence line pair per mm required = 1024/50 = 20.48 LP/mm.

2) DPI stands for Dots Per Inch. These dots can be pixels. Here, we need 2048
pixels in 2 inches. Which means resolution in dpi = 2048/2 = 1024 dpi.
QUESTION 4
n Figure 1 the corners of the estimated shading pattern appear darker or lighter
than their surrounding areas. Explain the reason.
QUESTION 5
A skilled medical technician is assigned the job of inspecting a set of images generated by an
electron microscope experiment. To simplify the inspection task, the technician decides to use
digital image enhancement and, to this end, examines a set of representative images and
finds the following problems: (1) bright, isolated dots that are of no interest; (2) lack of
sharpness; (3) not enough contrast in some images; and (4) shifts in the average intensity to
values other than AD, which is the average value required to perform correctly certain
intensity measurements. The technician wants to correct these problems and then display in
white all intensities in a band between intensities / and /₂, while keeping normal tonality in
the remaining intensities. Propose a sequence of processing steps that the technician can
follow to achieve the desired goal