Enrollment no:____________________________

A.D. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NEW VALLABH VIDYANAGAR,
A CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF CVM UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTER– VIII MID SEM-I EXAMINATION, AY: 2020-21
Subject Code: 2181102 Date: 25/3/2021
Subject Name: Fundamentals of Image Processing Time: 2pm to 3pm
Total Marks: 20
Q:1 Multiple Choice Questions.(Any FIVE) [05]
[A] 1. The City block distance between pixels p and q for the following image is
2 5 9(q) 1
1 1 0 2
5 4 3 1
1(p) 2 4 7
Set v ={0,1,5,9}
(a) Not possible
(b) 5
(c) 3
(d) 4
2. How 2-D image is generated from only one sensor?
Ans : A 2-D image will be generated using one sensor using relative
displacements in both the x- and y-directions between the sensor and the
area to be imaged

3. Draw the resultant image after quantized (4-bit) the input image as
shown below:
16 15.1 12.3
11.9 0.6 2.5
9.9 4.4 13.2
Ans: The resultant image will be as shown below:
16 15 12
12 1 3
10 4 13

4. What will be the total size( in Bytes) of an image having 1M pixels

quantized with 16 bits
Ans: 1000 pixels * 16 bits/pixel = 16000bits = 2000 Byte

5. The reflection component for pure white region will be

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) ∞
(d) 0.5
6. Define: Resolution of a Gray image.
Ans: Gray-level resolution refers to the number of shades of gray which are
used in preparing the image for display. In the gray level resolution, the
number of gray levels is an integer power of two and the most common value is
8 bits
7. What will be the pixel values after application of the log transformation
on an input image having pixel values equal to 15 for an image region of
5 rows and 5 columns?

Page 1 of 1
 Enrollment no:____________________________
Ans: 𝑠 = 𝑐 log(1 + 𝑟) = log(1 + 15) = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟓
Q:1 What are the processing steps for Frequency domain filtering? What is ringing [05]
[B] effect and why it happens?

Ans:
1. Multiply the input image by (-1)x+y to center the transform
2. Compute F(u,v), the DFT of the image from (1)
3. Multiply F(u,v) by a filter function H(u,v)
4. Compute the inverse DFT of the result in (3)
5. Obtain the real part of the result in (4)
6. Multiply the result in (5) by (-1)x+y

Q:1 What is Power Law Transformation? Apply Power Law Transformation on the [05]
[C] following image. Use γ =0.4, C=1
9 9 9 9
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 9 9 9
Ans: Resultant image will be as shown below:

2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
---------------------------OR------------------------------
Q:1 What is contrast stretching? Draw piece-wise linear input-output [05]
[C] characteristics with corner points (0,0), (100,110), (140,200) , (185,225) and
(255,255). Determine the output for following input 4x4 image segment.

50 100 120 140

65 120 145 160
175 201 224 255
152 111 160 210
Ans: The resultant image will be as shown below:

55 110 155 200

72 155 203 211
219 232 241 254
207 134 211 236
Q:2 Apply histogram equalization on the image shown below: [05]
[A]
1 12 15 2 8 9 9 10

Page 2 of 1
 Enrollment no:____________________________
10 11 1 0 12 2 3 5
8 10 11 12 10 8 5 4
2 3 5 2 0 2 3 1
1 1 8 9 8 9 8 9
15 10 10 8 11 15 0 11
13 11 0 13 10 11 9 0
11 8 13 1 2 3 4 5
Draw the resultant image.
Ans: The resultant image is as shown below:

3 14 15 4 8 10 10 11
11 13 3 1 14 4 5 6
8 11 13 14 11 8 6 5
4 5 6 4 1 4 5 3
3 3 8 10 8 10 8 10
15 11 11 8 13 15 1 13
14 13 1 14 11 13 10 1
13 8 14 3 4 5 5 6

------------- GOOD LUCK -------------

Page 3 of 1