Digital Logic Design

Lec No 04 : Number Systems, Complements

Fall 2022, BEE-13AB

Dated 21 Sept 2022

By Nasir Mahmood

nasir.mahmood@seecs.edu.pk

nasirm15@gmail.com 1
Conversion between
Number Systems
 Base r to Decimal
Conversion
• The conversion of a number in base r to
decimal is done by expanding the number in
a power series and adding all the terms

(4021.2)5 = ?
(4021.2)5 = 4x53 + 0x52 + 2x51 + 1x50 + 2x5-1

= (511.4)10
 Decimal to Base r
Conversion
Convert Decimal 57.625 to
Binary

Use repeated division for

integer part

(57)10 = (111001)2
 Decimal to Base r
Conversion Contd..
Convert Decimal 57.625 to
Binary

Use repeated multiplication

for decimal part

(0.625)10 = (0.101)2

(57.625)10 = (111001.101)2
 Conversion Between two Bases

However, it is generally easier to convert base

A to its decimal equivalent and then convert the

decimal value to base B.

− Base A → Decimal → Base B

Power Series Expansion Repeated Division, Repeated Multiplication

 Conversion between binary and Octal
It can be carried out by inspection.

− Each octal digit corresponds to 3 bits

(101 110 010 . 011 001) =2 (5 6 2 . 3 1)8

(010 011 100 . 101 001)2 = (2 3 4 . 5 1)8
(7 4 5 . 3 2)8 = (111 100 101 . 011 010)2
(3 0 6 . 0 5)8 = (011 000 110 . 000 101)2

− Is the number (392.24)8 a valid octal number?

 Conversion between binary and
hexadecimal

Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to 4 bits

(1001 1010 0110 . 1011 0101)2 = (9 A 6 . B 5)16

(1100 1011 1000 . 1110 0111)2 = (C B 8 . E 7)16
(E 9 4 . D 2)16 = (1110 1001 0100 . 1101 0010)2
(1 C 7 . 8 F)16 = (0001 1100 0111 . 1000 1111)2

− Note that the hexadecimal number system requires

additional characters to represent its 16 values.

 Your Turn

• Please write numbers from 0 to 20 in

decimal, binary, Octal, Hexadecimal
Your Turn Solution
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 6 6
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
The End