Lecture-01

Number Systems
 Number Systems
Conversion

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Conversion
Decimal to Others
To convert decimal number to any other base ‘r’ , divide integer
part and multiply fraction part with ‘r’.
 (1) Decimal to Binary

 (2) Decimal to Octal

 (3) Decimal to Hexadecimal

Procedure

Step-1: Divide by base (2, 8, or 16), keep track of the remainder.

Step-2: Write in reverse order i.e. First remainder is least
significant bit (LSB).
 Conversion
(1)
Decimal to Binary
125.7510 = ?2
2 125 0.75x2 = 1.50 1
2 62 1 0.50x2 = 1.00 1
2 31 0 0.00x2 = 0.00
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1

125.7510 = 1111101.112
 Conversion
(2)
Decimal to Octal
125.7510 = ?8
8 125 0.75x8 = 6.00 6
8 15 5 0.00x8 = 0.00
8 1 7
0 1

125.7510 = 175.68
 Conversion
(3)
Decimal to Hexadecimal
125.7510 = ?16
16 125 0.75x16 = 12.00 C
16 7 D 0.00x16 = 0.00
0 7

125.7510 = 7D.C16
 Conversion
Others to Decimal
To convert any base ‘r’ into decimal, multiply each digit with its
positional weightage then add-up.
 (4) Binary to Decimal

 (5) Octal to Decimal

 (6) Hexadecimal to Decimal

Procedure

Use the formula

Where b= symbol and r=radix or base

 Conversion
(4) Binary to Decimal

1111101.112 = ?10

= 1x26 + 1x25 + 1x24 + 1x23 + 1x22 + 0x21 + 1x20 + 1x2-1 + 1x2-2

= 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 + 0.5 +0.25
= 125.75

1111101.112 =125.7510
 Conversion
(5) Octal to Decimal

175.68 = ?10

= 1x82 + 7x81 + 5x80 + 6x8-1

= 64 + 56 + 5 + 0.75
= 125.75

175.68 =125.7510
 Conversion
(6) Hexadecimal to Decimal

7D.C16 = ?10

= 7x161 + 13x160 + 12x16-1

= 112 + 13 + 0.75
= 125.75

7D.C16 =125.7510
 Conversion
(7)Binary to Octal
Since 23 = 8

Make group of 3 binary bits

1111101.112 = ?8
= 1111101.11
= 1 111 101.11
= 001 111 101.110
= 175.6

1111101.112 =175.68
 Conversion
(8)Binary to Hexadecimal
Since 24 = 16

Make group of 4 binary bits

1111101.112 = ?16
= 1111101.11
= 111 1101.11
= 0111 1101.1100
= 7D.C

1111101.112 =7D.C16
 Conversion
(9)Octal to Binary
Since

Break each octal symbol into 3 binary bits

175.68 = ?2
= 175.6
= 001 111 101.110
= 1111101.11

175.68 =1111101.112
 Conversion
(10) Hexadecimal to Binary
Since

Break each hexadecimal symbol into 4 binary bits

7D.C16 = ?2
= 7D.C
= 0111 1101.1100
= 1111101.11

7D.C16 =1111101.112
 Conversion
(11)Octal to Hexadecimal
Method-I (Octal – Decimal - Hexadecimal)

175.68 = ?16

175.68 = 125.7510

125.7510 = 7D.C16

175.68 = 7D.C16
 Conversion
(11) Octal to Hexadecimal
Method-II (Octal – Binary-Hexadecimal)

Since

Break each octal symbol into 3 binary bits then Make group of 4
binary 8bits
175.6 = ?16
= 175.6
= 001 111 101.110
= 1111101.11

= 111 1101.11
= 0111 1101.1100 = 7D.C
175.68 = 7D.C16
 Conversion
(12) Hexadecimal to Octal
Method-I (Hexadecimal – Decimal - Octal)

7D.C16 = ?8

7D.C16 = 125.7510

125.7510 = 175.68

7D.C16 = 175.68
 Conversion
(12) Hexadecimal to Octal
Method-II (Hexadecimal– Binary-Octal)

Since

Break hexadecimal symbol into 4 binary bits then Make group of 3

binary16bit= ?8
7D.C
= 7D.C
= 0111 1101.1100
= 1111101.11

= 1 111 101.110
= 001 111 101.110 = 175.6
7D.C16 = 175.68
 Number System
Quantities

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
 Number System
Quantities

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
 Number System
Quantities

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17
 Number System
Quantities

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

24 11000 30 18
25 11001 31 19
26 11010 32 1A
27 11011 33 1B
28 11100 34 1C
29 11101 35 1D
30 11110 36 1E
31 11111 37 1F
Thank You