Social Studies-8 JAYSHREE PERIWAL HIGH SCHOOL 2022-23

History Ch.11 (THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1870-1947)

A. Very short answer type questions: ( 1/2 marks )

1. Write any two Indian associations formed after 1850 which fought for the rights of the
Indians. ½+ ½ =1
Ans. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, The Indian Association.

2. Name the Indian business man and publicist, who was a member of the British
parliament. 1
Ans. Dadabhai Naoroji

3. Give the reason given by the British to divide Bengal. 1

Ans. The British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience.

4. ‘Gandhi ji abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation movement in 1922’. Why? 2

● Ans. In February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. Twenty-
two policemen were killed on that day.
● The peasants were provoked because the police had fire on their peaceful demonstration. So Gandhiji
called off the Non-Cooperation movement.

5. Why was the Simon Commission sent to India and why did the Indians boycott it?
½ + ½ =1
Ans. (i) Simon Commission came to India to decide India’s Political future.
(ii) Indians boycotted it as the commission had no Indian representatives.

B. Short answer type questions: (3 marks)

1. List the different Acts/ rules that led to Indians’ dissatisfaction in the 1870s and
1880s.
Ans. People were dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870’s and 1880’s because:
(i) The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms.
(ii) The Vernacular Press Act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of
newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything
that was found objectionable.
(iii) Ilbert Bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indian and
sought equality between British Indian judges in the country. But this bill was
dismissed.
1x3=3, Pg 110

2. Who were Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?
Ans. (i) Moderates were early congress leaders who practiced politics of prayers and
petitions. They raised the various political, administrative, and economic issues
that placed their demands before the British government.
(ii) Moderates created public awareness by publishing newspapers and writing
articles.
(iii) They criticized British rule in speeches and sent representatives to mobilize public
opinion.

1x3=3, Pg 112
 3. Elaborate the methods adopted by the radicals during the freedom struggle.
Ans. (i) Radicals had faith in their actions and they cursed the moderates for their politics
of prayer.
(ii) Radicals emphasized on the importance of self-reliance and constructive work.
(iii) Radicals believed that people must rely on their strength, not on the good
intentions of the government and people must fight for swaraj. 1x3=3, Pg 112

4. List the consequences of the partition of Bengal.

Ans. (i) The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. All sections of the
Congress the Moderates and the Radicals opposed it.
(ii) Large public meetings and demonstrations were organized and novel methods of
mass protest developed.
(iii) The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement
strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere.
1x3=3, Pg 113

5. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Ans. First World War had both negative and positive impacts on India:

(i) It led to a huge rise in the defense expenditure of the Government of India. The
government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp
rise in prices which created great difficulties for the common people.
(iii) The war created a demand for industrial goods (jute bags, cloth, rails) and caused
a decline in imports from other countries into India. So Indian industries
expanded during the war.
1x3=3, Pg 114-115

6. Describe Khilafat agitation.

Ans. (i) In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. People
were furious about this as they had been about the Jallianwala massacre.
(ii) Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over
Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire.
(iii) The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali now wished
to initiate a full-fledged Non-Cooperation movement and Gandhi ji supported
their call.
1x3=3, Pg 117

C. Long answer type questions: ( 5 marks )

1. Elaborate the demands of congress (Moderates) in the early years of its formation.
Ans. (i) During this period Congress demanded a greater voice for Indians in the
government and administration.
(ii) Congress wanted the legislative councils to be made more representative, given
more power, and introduced in provinces where none existed.
(iii) It demanded that Indians be placed at high positions in the government for this
purpose it called for civil service exams to be held in India as well, not just in
London.
 (iv) The demand for Indianization of the administration so it will reduce the drain of
wealth to England.
(v) Other demands included the separation of the judiciary from the executive, the
arms repeal of the act and the freedom of speech expression. 1x5=5, Pg 111-112

2. Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different
parts of India.
Ans. Forms of the non-cooperation movement
(i) In Kheda Gujarat Patidar peasants organized nonviolent campaigns against the
high land revenue demand of the British.
(ii) In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh Tribals and poor peasants staged many
forest satyagraha, sometimes sending their cattle into forests without paying
grazing fees.
(iii) In Sind (now in Pakistan) Muslim traders and peasants were very enthusiastic
about the khilafat call in Bengal to the khilafat non-cooperation alliance gave
enormous communal unity and strength to the national movement.
(iv) In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs sought to remove corrupt mahants
supported by the British from their gurudwara.
(v) In Assam, tea garden labourers, demanded a big increase in their wages. They left
the British-owned plantations.
1x5=5, Pg 117-118
3. Discuss those developments of 1937-47 that led to the creation of Pakistan.
Ans. (i) The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the league that Muslims
were a minority and they would always have to play second fiddle in any
democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go unrepresented.
(ii) By 1940 Indian Muslims demanded an “Independent States’’. In 1945 the British
opened up negotiations between congress and Muslims failed.
(iii) The talks failed between the congress and league because the league saw itself as
the sole spokesperson of Indian Muslims. Congress could not accept this claim
since a large number of Muslims still supported it.
(iv) In march 1946 the League’s success in the seats reserved for Muslims was
spectacular. They persisted with its demand for Pakistan.
(v) The Cabinet Mission suggested India to stay united. But could not get Congress
and the Muslim League agree to the proposal. Partition now became more or less
inevitable (Dictate) 1x5=5 pg 125
D. Competency Based Questions:
The Swadeshi Movement of 1905 was a turning point in the struggle for "National
Liberation of India". Justify the statement.
i. Respecting goods produced in our country leading to the development of Indian
industries.
ii. For the first time, Indians came together and protested against Britishers.
iii. The swadeshi movement sought to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-
help swadeshi enterprise, national education and the use of Indian languages.

E. ‘Bhagat Singh fought against British rule, and his ultimate sacrifice became a source of
inspiration for many young leaders.’ What values did Bhagat Singh stand for?
(i) Bhagat Singh was a true patriot as he laid life for the country.
(ii) He was fearless. He had fought against the British knowing the fact that he would be
tortured and executed. (Any other relevant point.)
F. Locate and label the following places on the political map of India:
(a) Amritsar (b) Chauri Chaura (c) Champaran
(d) Ahmedabad (e)Kheda (f)Dandi

Video Links:
s://wwhttpw.youtube.com/watch?v=-sw19FyG2oY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShVcX8E2f-0&t=38s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9YJwVWIBMQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plwHr3HC0ss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7TQHe_IOjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojpU-bYaqBk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjlgfPeHnek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FoCsDnPmE0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FoCsDnPmE0