8TH CDF SYNOPSIS

(THERMO CHEMISTRY-1)

23-02-24 POINTS;1-3

1. A chemical equation is a brief representation of a chemical change in terms of symbols or

formulae of reactants and product. When the heat change accompany-ing the chemical
reaction is also included in the chemical equation, it is known as thermochemical equation.
Thus, a thermochemical equation may be defined as a chemical equation which indicates the
amount of heat evolved or absorbed during the chemical reaction in addition to the
quantities of reactants or products.

2. i) Exothermic reactions: The chemical reactions which proceed with the evolution of

heat energy are called exothermic reactions.

ii) Endothermic reactions: The chemical reactions which proceed with the absorption

of heat energy are called endothermic reactions

iii) Lavoisier and Laplace's law :

The energy change accompanying any transformation is equal and opposite to energy

change accompanying in the reverse process.

iv) Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation: The heat energy released or absorbed in a
process is same whether the process occurs in one step or in several steps. According to
Hess law the heat energy released or absorbed in a process depends only on the initial state
and final state but not on the path, in which the process occurs. Hess law is applicable to
physical, allotropic and chemical changes.

3. DIFFERENT HEAT OF REACTIONS:

i)
ii)