Meeting 3

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT A SENTENCE

1. A SENTENCE consists at least A SUBJECT and A VERB (or some call it

PREDICATOR).

The smartest girl in the class with cute pink glasses no verb
1 incorrect sentence
SUBJECT
The smartest girl in the class wins the speech
2 with cute pink glasses competition correct sentence
SUBJECT VERB
With her always wins the speech competition
no subject
3 teacher help
incorrect sentence
COMPLEMENT VERB OBJECT

2. A SUBJECT could be in form of a noun/noun phrase/noun clause, pronoun, gerund, or

to infinitive.

Cats hate water.

Noun
Vegetables are good for your health.
Noun That adorable little baby smiles at me.
phrase That antique vase on the table is a gift from my uncle.
Whatever you say to him will not change his decision.
Noun
What makes me dissapointed the most is the low quality of the
clause
product.
I really hate waiting.
You made an appoinment wtih the doctor yesterday.
She enjoys watching Korean drama a lot.
Pronoun He never stops trying to ask her out.
They will solve the problem.
We finished reading the report.
It is difficult to write an article in this condition.
Singing gives her a great pleasure.
Gerund Walking home is something I really enjoy.
Taking my mother to Mecca is my dream comes true.
To To make you understand needs a lot of efforts.
infinitive To be with you is my goal of life.
Here are the books we need to review.
Here/There
There is no time left to finish the book.
3. A VERB could be in form of a verb, a linking verb (seems to, look, etc.), or an auxiliary
verb (is, am, are, was, were, etc.)

My little sister drives her own car to her office

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT

The lifeguards look Ready to help them.

SUBJECT LINKING VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT

That dishes taste delicious.

SUBJECT LINKING VERB COMPLEMENT

My little sister drives her own car to her office

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT

It is Important to wear a helmet.

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT

4. A VERB could be followed by AN OBJECT (if the verb is a transitive) or A

COMPLEMENT (if it is an intransitive).

The cat Sleeps on the sofa

SUBJECT INTRANSITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT

The new company Opens massive recruitments

SUBJECT TRANSITIVE VERB OBJECT

5. A COMPLEMENT could be in form of noun, adjective, adverb, prepositional

phrase.
Noun/ She is a teacher;
Noun Phrase/ We are students of Foundry Engineering
Noun Clause I am what you think I was
Adjective
Adverb
Prepositional
phrase

6. Basic Sentence Pattern in English

 Basic English Sentence Patterns

There are 5 basic english sentence patterns:

1. S V 4. S V O C
2. S V O 5. S V Oi Od
3. S V C

>> Subject of a sentence (S) could be formed by a noun, a noun

phrase, a noun clause, a gerund and to – invinitive.

>> Verb of a sentence (V) could be formed by a transitive verb,

intransitive verb, lingking verb and an auxiliary verb.

>> Object of a sentence (O) could be formed by a noun, a noun

phrase, a noun clause, and a gerund.

>> Complement of a sentence (C) could be formed by a noun, a

noun phrase, a noun clause, an adjective, adjective phrase, and a
7. A SENTENCE is dividedprepositional
into two types; a one-clause sentence and a multiple-clause
phrase.
sentence. It is a one-clause sentence when it only has one subject an one verb.

The loud music Annoyed the neighbours.

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
A CLAUSE
= one-clause sentence
8. However, when a sentence has more than one subject and more than one verb, it is called
A Multiple-Clause Sentence. This sentence has CONJUNCTIONS to connect each
clauses in the sentence.

The annoyed the so They reporte it to the

loud neighbours d police
music , station.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT CONJUCTION SUBJECT VERB OBJECT COMPLEMENT
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2
= two-clause sentence

Tom reads novels but Jack reads comics because novels are too
difficult.
Conj S V C
S V O S V O
Conj
C
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2 CLAUSE 3
= three-clause sentence
 9. There are many kinds of conjunctions and connectors. However, you should be able to to
define those conjuctions/connectors to link phrases and those to link clauses. In this case,
we need to locate the conjuctions/connectors that link clauses.

Virly and Tio present their project quite well.

phrase conjuction

My mother bakes some cakes and decorates them beautifully.

clause conjuction

Exercise 1.1. Identify the elements of each sentence.

e.g. The progressive reading method in this school works efficiently.
subject verb complement

1. The new machine processes more than 1000 cans per hour.
2. The search results new clue to solve that case.
3. Eating too quickly gave him an upset stomach.
4. To travel around the world costs a lot of my saving, so i only do it once a year.
5. My friends planed to go climbing last weekend, but the wheather was terrible, so they
brought some new movie to be watched together in my house.

Exercise 1.2. Indicate if the sentences are correct or incorrect. Underline the subjects once,
the verbs twice, and circle the conjuction/connectors if there is one.
e.g. No one from my class is admitted to that university because the entrance test is
tremendously difficult.
The cute little baby with red dresses and green ribbons on her hair. (no verb)
With his family went for a holiday to Praha last month. (no subject)
1. Yesterday found a very interesting article about Global Warming.
2. With their friend went for holiday to East Europe.
3. The assigned text for history class with Prof. McGreggor.
4. Since it is firstly lauched, the new application has provided a variety helpful features.
5. Engineers are needed to work on the new space program.