MODUL PERKULIAHAN

Mata kuliah Academic English

Modul 1:
1.Parts of Speech
2.Sentence [Element]
3.Type of Sentence
Structure
Mengetahui tentang kaidah pembentukan kalimat, serta langkah-langkah dalam
pembentukan kalimat

Fakultas Program Studi TatapMuka Kode MK DisusunOleh

Semua fakultas Semua Program 34020012 Tim Dosen
Studi 1-3

Abstract
Modul ini menjelaskan elemen-elemen
Bahasa dan menjelaskan standar kaidah
penggunaan elemen-elemen tersebut
untuk mengidentifikasi kata-kata dari
part of speech dengan benar
berdasarkan pada kerangka struktur
kalimat.
Kompetensi
Mahasiswa mampu mengidentifikasi kata
yang merupakan bagian-bagian dari
kalimat, part of speech memberikan
vocabulary dasar pada mahasiswa
sehinggga mereka mengerti bagaimana
menggunakannya. Ketika mahasiswa
mempelajari part of speech dan struktur
kalimat, mereka akan menemukan cara
bagaimana membentuk sebuah kalimat
yang benar sesuai strukturnya.
 UNIT I
PART OF SPEECH
Words perform different functions in a sentence. Details are as follows:
Parts of speech Description
Noun Nouns used to be defined as
names of person, places and
things. The main function of
nouns: as subject, object and
complement in a sentence.
Pronoun It is a word used instead of a
noun, a Pronoun takes the place
of a noun. Pronouns have three
cases: subjective objective , and 
possessive case
Adjective Adjective is a word that modifies 
a noun and pronoun that is, to
describe describes a noun and
pronoun or make its meaning
more definite.
Verb Verb is a word, express an
action, occurrence, state of
being.
Adverb A word that modifies a verb, an
adjective, and adverb itself , it
describes the adjective, verbs
and another adverb
Preposition Prepositions are a minor word
class; they serve to connect
major words: noun/pronoun to
Example
 Paris is the capital of France.
 Freedom is very important for
human
 Harry is a teacher
 Mrs. Smith met a teacher
 They are good students.
 The pencil is hers.
 I saw her take your book to them.
Have you seen them ?
My father is tall but my mother is
short.
 The fast train came last night.
 The boy seems happy
 I dance
 The audience became silent
 Your dancing was excellent
 The children always talk loudly.
 The train came fast last night.
 It is very good
 It is very slowly
 My parents will meet me at the
station tomorrow.
 I sit on chair
 some other word in a sentence.
it tells the relationship between
nouns/pronouns to other parts
of the sentence.
Conjunction A word that connects various
words and groups of words.
Conjunction, it joins sentences,
clauses, phrases and single words 
Exclamation A word/expression that conveys 
(Interjection) surprise or another strong
emotion. It tells sudden feeling
or emotion. It has no
grammatical relationship.
 a piece of cake
 high in the sky
 run with the ball
 come and sit beside me
 Jimmy opened the door and went
in.
 He added sugar and cream.
He added both sugar and cream
 We‟ll miss the bus if we don‟t hurry
 After he left, we found a briefcase.
Hurrah! We won the football match.
 Ouch!
 Stop the car!
 How terrible!
 What a picture!
 UNIT 2

SENTENCE

A sentence is a group of words that says something, all by itself. It is complete: it

can stand alone. It is followed by a period (or in certain cases, a question mark or an
exclamation point). In grammatical terms, a sentence is a group of words that contains a
subject and a predicate (the subject: is the person or thing: it may pronoun/noun).
(the predicate, to predicate means to say or declare; is what you‟re saying about)
example:

 The University sent a letter to Tim

 The passengers have waited in the terminal for one hour.

The short sentence;

- We won

S V

- he smiles

S V
The shortest sentence consists subject and verb, but a complete sentence must have
at minimum three things: a subject, Verb, an Object/complement. The grammatical
subject of sentence may be long and analysable into various part but it is not further
broken down at the subject/predicate level.
The subject and predicate/verb make up the two basic structural parts of any
complete sentence. it is the essential elements of sentence; verb (V), object (O),
complement (C). In addition, there are other element, contained within the subject or
predicate, these elements include the direct object, indirect object, and subject
complement.
Elements of Sentence in English Sentence Patterns

1. The Subject-Verb-Object pattern.(S + V + O)

Subject Verb Object

Paul often eats biscuits.

Mary ate two apples quickly.
My father and mother are eating mangoes now.
The fat girl has eaten a watermelon.
That little boy will eat some bread soon.

2. Subject – Verb – Indirect Object – Direct Object (S + V +I O + DO)

Some verbs can be followed by two objects without an „and’

connecting them. One of these objectsis called the „direct object‟ and the other the
„indirect object‟. Below is the pattern of a sentence containing both direct object
and indirect object:

Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object

I gave my sister a birthday present.

My parents always tell me stories.
We have lent him some money.
They are asking the teacher some questions.
 3. Sometimes a preposition is put in front of the indirect object. The pattern of
such sentence is:

Subject – Verb – Direct Object – Preposition – Indirect Object

(S + V + DO + Pre + IO)

Subject Verb Direct Object Preposition Indirect Object

My friend has sent a letter to me.

His parents bought a computer for him.

4. The Subject-Verb object – complement

Pattern: (S+ V + O + C)

Complement occurs in a sentence, it describes a subject or an object

Subject Verb Object Complement

I kept her money safe

they made her crying
She makes him happy
He left her alone

5. The Subject-Verb – complement

Pattern: (S + V (C)

The complement describes a subject

Subject Verb Complement

These biscuits have kept fresh

water Can be dangerous
They stayed at home
Mr. Ober worked hard
Mary was A teacher
 UNIT 3

TYPE OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE

A sentence‟s “structure” is the way its words are arranged. In English, we have four
main sentence structures: the simple sentence, the compound sentence, the complex sentence,
and the compound-complex sentence. Each uses a specific combination of independent and
dependent clauses to help make sure that our sentences are strong, informational, and most
importantly, that they make sense!

1. Simple Sentence is a simple sentence contains one subject and one verb (the sentence has
only one verb)
Example:

 Mr. Filbert lost his wallet on the train.

 The explosion destroyed every house on the block

 I like coffee.

 Mary likes tea.

 The earth goes round the sun.

 Mary did not go to the party.

2. Compound Sentence is a sentence containing more than one clause/more than one simple
sentence. Each of clauses could potentially stand alone as an independent sentence. The main
clauses may be linked by:
1. Semi-colon
e.g. Our car broke down; we came last.
2. By coordinating conjucntion (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)
e.g. Maria has a new doll, but she still prefers the old one.
3. By a conjunctive adverb (accordingly, therefore, then, however)
e.g. Frantic is my favourite film; however, I've only seen it once.
4. By correlative conjunction (either.... or..., neither... nor..., both.... and..., not only... but
also...)
e.g. Either he took his eye off the ball or the pitch fooled him, for sure he missed the ball.
3. Complex Sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or more
dependent clause. As we know that an independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, but
a dependent clause even though it has a subject and a verb, it can‟t stand alone.
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when,
where, whether, while, that, which, who, whom, whose.
Examples;

 She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged

 Although he was wealthy, he was still unhappy

 We missed our plane because we were late.

 Our dog barks when she hears a noise.

 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.

 Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

4. Compound-Complex sentence: it has at least two independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause. It contains two or more main clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
Example:

 Mr.Hankin is retired now, and the business that he founded is managed by his son in-
law.

 Kate doesn‟t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn‟t watch them.

 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.