Prof.

Ayleen Trujillo Ruiz

 GUESS THE MOVIE
Read the emojis and write in the word file the name of the movies.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

9 10
 What is a sentence?

Is there only one type?

How do I build a sentence?

 A sentence is a group of words which starts with a capital letter
and ends with a full stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation
mark (!). It contains or implies a subject and a predicate.

Sentences contain clauses. Simple sentences contain one clause

and compound or complex sentences have two or more clauses.
 There are things your can add to enrich your sentences besides a
subject, a verb or an object.

PRONOUN used instead of a noun to avoid repetition.

NOUN names things.

ADJECTIVE describes things or people.

ADVERB alters the meaning of the verb slightly.

ARTICLE definite (the) or indefinite (a, an) articles.

PROPER NOUN the actual names of people, places, etc.

PREPOSITION relates one thing to another.

CONJUNCTION joins words or sentences together.

INTERJECTION a short word showing emotion or feeling.

VERB action or doing word.

 Just because you put words together in the right order, it does
not mean that you will have a sentence that makes sense.

Simple sentence

A simple sentence contains a single subject and predicate. It

describes only one thing, idea or question, and has only an
independent (main) clause.

E.g. Jill reads.

subject predicate
 Any independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It has a
subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought.

Even the addition of adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional

phrases to a simple sentences does not change it into a complex
sentence.

E.g. The brown dog with the red collar always barks loudly.
subject predicate

Adjective: brown
Prepositional phrase: with the red collar
Adverbs: always, loudly
 Compound sentence

They are made up of two or more simple sentences combined

using a conjunction such as and, or or but. They are made up of
more than one independent clause joined together with a co-
ordinating conjunction.

E.g. The sun was setting in the west and the moon was just rising.
Clause 1 Conjunction Clause 2

Each clause can stand alone as a sentence, each one has a subject and a verb.
 Complex sentence

They describe more tan one thing or idea, and have more than
one verb in them. They are made up of more than one
independent clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause.

E.g. My mother likes dogs that don’t bark.

Independent clause Dependent clause

The first sentence can stand by itself, but the second cannot.
 The verb

It is the fundamental part of the sentence. The rest of the

sentence, with the exception of the subject, depends very much
on the verb.
They also show a state of being. Such verbs, called be verbs or
linking verbs: be, become, seem, appear and sometimes verbs of
the senses: taste, feel, look, hear and smell.

E.g. Beer and wine are my favourite drinks.

Linking verb
 Verbs can describe the action or the state of the subject.

E.g. I play football twice a week. (action)

I have got a car. (state)

Some verbs can represent both actions and states, depending

on the context.

E.g. David is working in the bank. (action)

David works in a bank. (state)
 Finding the verb

When you analyze a sentence, first identify the verb. It names

and asserts the action or the state of the sentence.

E.g. Working at the computer all day made David’s head ache.
verb

My friend enjoyed the film, but he did not like the actor.
verb verb
 The subject

It is the person or thing the sentence is ‘about’. Often it will

be the first part of the sentence. The subject will usually be a
noun phrase (a noun and the words that modify it) followed by a
verb.

E.g. Anna was shopping the whole day yesterday.

Subject

The girl in the pink dress is my friend.

Subject
 Finding the subject

Once you determine the verb, ask a wh…? question to the verb.
This will locate the subject(s).
Who ‘works hard’?
E.g. David works hard.
Subject David does. (subject)

Beer and wine are my favourite drinks.

Subject
What ‘are my favourite drinks’?

Beer and wine are. (subject)

NOTE: The subject(s) of a sentence will

answer to the questions, ‘who’ or ‘what’.
 The predicate

Once you have identifies the subject, the remainder of the

sentence tells us what the subject does or did. This part of the
sentence is the predicate. It always includes the verbs and the
words which come after the verb.

E.g. Michael Schumaker drove the race car.

Subject Predicate
 The object

Some verbs have an object (always a noun or pronoun). The

object is the person or thing affected by the action described in
the verb. Objects come in two types: direct and indirect.

The direct object refers to a person or thing affected by the

action of the verb.

E.g. The boy opened the door.

Direct object
 The object

The indirect object refers to a person or thing who receives

the direct object.

E.g. I gave him the book.

Indirect object

Direct object: the book

 The object: transitive and intransitive verbs

Verbs which do not have an object are called intransitive. In

addition they cannot be used in the Passive Voice, e.g. smile, come,
go.

E.g. David went to the beach. Intransitive verb

 The object: transitive and intransitive verbs

Verbs that have an object are called transitive verbs, e.g. eat,
drive, give.

E.g. David gave her a present. Transitive verb

Direct object: a present

Indirect object: her

The object: transitive and intransitive verbs

Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive, e.g. sing.

E.g. Ava Max sings. Intransitive verb

Ava Max sings pop songs. Transitive verb

 Adverbials

An ‘adverbial’ or ‘adverbial phrase’ is a word or expression in

the sentence that does the same job as an adverb; that is, it tells
you something about how the action in the verb was done.

E.g. I sometimes go hiking in the mountains.

Adverbial

It tells us the
frequency of the
action (sometimes).
 The complement

A complement is used with verbs like be, seem, look, etc.

Complements give more information about the subject or, in some
structures, about the object.

A complement is the part of the sentence that gives you more

information about the subject or the object of the sentence.

E.g. They saw her standing there.

Complement
 LET’S PRACTICE
• Analyze the following sentences:
1. The grey monkey quickly chased the Brown weasel around the bush.

2. The man was talking to his boss.

3. John Brown became the leader of the party.

4. We want the sporty red car, but we will lease the practical blue one.

5. After the tornado hit, there was little left standing.

6. The two boys looked in the well, when they reached the summit.

7. The actor was happy he got a part in a movie.

8. Some of the guests are lying on the grass.

9. For nearly a decade, the Vietnam War divided our nation in bitterness and violence.

10. I really need to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.