CHAPTER_VI

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter deals with the summary of the study and the conclusion drawn. It clarifies the
limitations of the study and its implications. The recommendations are given for different areas like
nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration, and nursing research.

SUMMARY

This study is undertaken to assess the effectiveness of breast massage on lactation among
postpartum women with insufficient milk production and neonatal satisfaction in selected hospital at
Kanniyakumari district.

The following objectives were formulated for the study

 To assess the level of lactation and neonatal satisfaction in the pretest among postpartum women.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of breast massage among postpartum women.
 To associate the pre-test level of lactation and neonatal satisfaction among postpartum women
with selected demographic variables.

THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Sample characteristics with their demographic and clinical variable

In experimental group the major samples were lies under the age of 20 to 25 years (53.33%), 90%
of samples were graduated, 83.33% of samples were unemployed, 56.67% of the sample’s family income
were 30001- 40,000 per month, 63.33% of samples were joint family and 100% of samples are non-
vegetarian.

In control group among 60% of postpartum women were under the age group of 20 to 25 years,
90% of samples were graduated, 90% of samples were unemployed, 53.34% of the sample's family
income were 30,001 - 40,000 per month, 69.9% of samples were joint family and 100% samples are non-
vegetarian.

In experimental group 80% of samples were 18.6-24.9 (normal weight) and 60% of babies were
2.9 kg and above in experimental group.

In control group, 80% of samples were 18.6-24.9 (normal weight) and 50% of babies were 2.9 kg
and above.

Assessment of lactation and neonatal satisfaction among postpartum women:

 The level of lactation among postpartum women before and after administration of breast massage
in experimental group during pre-test 93.33% of them had moderate and 86.66% of them had moderate in
control group. During post-test 100% of them had good in experimental group and 93.33% of them had
moderate in control group.

The level of neonatal satisfaction among postpartum women before and after administration of
breast massage in experimental group during pre-test 83.33% of them had satisfied in and 86.66% of
them had satisfied in control group. During post-test 86.66% of them had strongly satisfied in
experimental group and 100% of them had satisfied in control group.

Effect of breast massage among postpartum women on lactation and neonatal satisfaction

The pre-test mean lactation score in the experimental group was 5.24 with standard deviation 1.67
and the post-test mean lactation score in experimental group was 8.6 with standard deviation 0.73. It
concludes that the breast massage was effective to increase the lactation in the experimental group.

The pre-test mean neonatal satisfaction score in the experimental group was 4.73 with standard
deviation 1.08 and post-test mean neonatal satisfaction score in experimental group was 8.7 with standard
deviation 0.59. It concludes that the breast massage was effective to increase the neonatal satisfaction in
the experimental group.

Relationship between breast massage among postpartum women on lactation

The post-test mean lactation score in the experimental group was 8.6 with standard deviation 0.73
and post-test mean control group was 5.7 with standard deviation 0.79. It concludes that the breast
massage was effective to increase the neonatal satisfaction in the experimental group.

The post-test mean neonatal satisfaction score in the experimental group was 8.7 with standard
deviation 0.5 and post-test mean control group was 5.46 with standard deviation 1.01. It concludes that
the breast massage was effective to increase the neonatal satisfaction in the experimental group.

Association between lactation and neonatal satisfaction with selected demographic and clinical
variables of postpartum women

In experimental group demographic variables such as age in years (X2 =0.449), educational
qualification(X2=1.13),occupation (X2=1.41),family income (X2=1.125),type of family (X2=0.278),
dietary pattern(X2=0.273) did not show any significant association with pre-test score of lactation and
neonatal satisfaction and there was not any significant pre score of lactation and neonatal satisfaction and
selected clinical variables among postpartum women , such as BMI of mother(X2= 0.166), Birth weight of
the baby(X2=0.824).

In control group demographic variables such as age in years (X2= 0.826), educational qualification
(X2=1.09),occupation (X2=1.09),family income (X2=3.118),type of family (X2=0.278),dietary
pattern(X2=0.71) did not show any significant association with pre-test score of lactation and neonatal
satisfaction and there was not any significant pre-score of lactation and neonatal satisfaction with selected
clinical variables among postpartum women, such as BMI of mother (X2=0.083), Birth weight of the
baby(X2=0.0012).

NURSING IMPLICATIONS

The findings of the study have several implications in various areas like nursing education,
nursing research, nursing practice and nursing administration.

Nursing education

1. Before, nurse can utilize their practice; They need to have a Strong foundation and knowledge
through education from the inception of nursing as a nurse student till they graduate as
professional nurse. They have to learn keeping with the changing trends.
2. The purpose and procedure of breast massage should be taught directly and demonstrated at the
bedside in the clinical area and postnatal ward.
3. The nurse should have up-to-date knowledge regarding the treatment modalities to improve
lactation and neonatal satisfaction.

Nursing research

1. The findings of the present study helps to prepare the Study in the different gravid groups of
postnatal mothers.
2. Extensive research must be conducted on home remedies to improve lactation and neonatal
satisfaction.
3. Nurse researchers have to develop a newer tool to determine lactation and neonatal satisfaction at
different levels among nursing mothers.
4. The study findings of the research should encourage further research studies on the effictiveness
of breast massage on lactation and neonatal satisfaction.
5. These findings of the study can be effectively utilised by emerging researchers to expand
professional knowledge.

Nursing Practice

1. Advanced nursing practice is one of the evolving trends in nursing practice, in which the hospital
has a definite specified role for the nurse, a nurse specialist play a pivotal role in helping the
patient to reduce discomfort and promote comfort by providing quality care and preventing
complications. Nurses have a vital role in postnatal care and management of lactation and neonatal
satisfaction.
 2. The present study helps the nurse to enable postnatal mothers to use remedies such as breast
massage to improve lactation and neonatal satisfaction.
3. Workshops, lectures, and discussion programs can be arranged in college and clinical for
educating the nursing student and nurses for improving lactation and neonatal satisfaction.

Nursing Administration

1. The nursing administrator should conduct an in-service education program aimed to improving
lactation and neonatal satisfaction with non-pharmacological methods.
2. Evidence-based practice should be introduced to the research findings.
3. The findings of the research should be disseminated through conferences, seminars, and
publishing in journals.
4. Nurse administrators can conduct in-service education programs to improve the lactation and
neonatal satisfaction.
5. The findings of this study can be effectively utilized by emerging researchers to expand their
professional knowledge.
6. Administrators should motivate the health personnel to demonstrate the breast massage to
postnatal mothers to improve lactation and neonatal satisfaction.
7. Nurse administrators should highlight the importance of breast massage on lactation and neonatal
satisfaction through pamphlets and handouts.
8. An emphasis on research and clinical studies is needed to improve the quality of nursing care.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Based on the findings, the researcher proposed the following recommendations for further studies.

1. A similar experimental design can be done with more samples and also a larger period.
2. A comparative study can be carried out with other home remedies.
3. A longitudinal study can be conducted to find the long-term effect of breast massage on lactation
and neonatal satisfaction.
4. A descriptive study can be conducted to assess the level of lactation and neonatal satisfaction
among postpartum women with the larger population.
5. This study can be carried out at any point during breastfeeding time.
6. A similar study can be undertaken on large samples for better generalizations of findings.

LIMITATIONS

The limitations of the study were as follows,

 Due to time constraints, the researcher was unable to take larger samples for the study.
CONCLUSION

The study findings revealed that improving lactation and neonatal satisfaction among postpartum
women after administration of breast massage while comparing both groups, experimental group is more
effective than control group to improving lactation and neonatal satisfaction. The overall experience of
conducting the study is a novel experience for the researcher in the field of nursing research.