Ch 4

Sir Syed Ahmad

khan
word as conciliator

1. who was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

2. What were the causes of the Indian revolt?
3. What were loyal Mutammadans of India?
4. What was Nadart?
5. What was tabien - ul-kalam?

His work as educationist—

6. What was Tahziib-ul - iklak?

7. What is scientific society?
8. What was Aligarh institute gazette?
9. What was MAO college?
10. What was the MAO educational conference?

work as politician

11. What was the Hindi Urdu Controversy?

12. What was 2 nation theory
13. What was the British Indian association?
14. What was INC
15. What was a united Patriotic alliance?
16. What was the Aligarh movement?
 17. How did he promote Urdu language
18. What were the political beliefs of SSA?

" educational beliefs

"' religious " " "

Ans 1. He was Born in 1817. Found the

Aligarh Movement. He tried to improve the social - conomic
condition of Muslims by Number of ways.. He was skilled in
Arabic, Persian and Maths by 18. He wrote about the causes of
the Indian revolt.

Ans 2. It was a pamphlet written by Sir Syed Ahrad Khan after the
war of Independence. It was written in Urdu language, the
language of Muslims and titled Awabe- Bagawate- Hindi. (cause
of Indian revolt), In it he outlined the reasons for uprising and
pointed out the faults on both sides He identified that forcible
conversion, mismanaged British Indian army and B. failure to
understand the feeling of Indian people led to war. Later the
pamphlet was translated to Eng. and circulated among English
officials.

Ans 3. It was also a pamphlet written By SSAK it was written to

defend Muslims from the B. charge that Muslims. had been guilty
of betrayal and disloyalty.In this work , he stated the various
Muslims Who had been loyal to the B. govt. He urged the B. to
end their hostility towards all Muslims community.
Ans 4: Nadarat was an explanatory work done by sir Syed Ahmed
Khan . The British felt insulted being called nadarat by muslims. In
this work he clarified the meaning of the word nadarat. Nadarat is
an Arabic word which means helper. Through this SSAK tried to
convince the British that muslims had a good image of the british.

Ans 5. It was a religious work ritter by SSAK. He tried to show the

similarities between islam and christianity. It was a commentary
on the Bible. He showed the Similarities between islam and
christianity. He urged Muslims that they should try not to be afraid
of christianity. They both were the people of the Book. He
identified that muslim could eat with christians on the same table.
He tried to reduce hatred between Muslims and christians.

Ans 6 : It was an Urdu journal. It was written by Ssak to convince

M. to get W. Scientific Education. He tried to convince them that
getting modern Education was in accordance with islam.
He gave references from Quran to show that getting
W. education was needed to see the full majesty of God. Journal
also included articles of writers Who agreed with his educational
belief.

Ans 7: This was a society founded by ssak in 1863 at ferozpur In

this scientific writing were translated from eng persian and arabic
to Urdu.it was formed to make scientific teaching available to
more indians. In 1864 the society was transferred to aligarh and in
1866 it issued a journal called Aligarh institute gazette .
Ans 8 Aligarh Institute Gazette was the first multilingual journal of
India, introduced, edited, and published in 1866 by Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan which was read widely across the country. Issued by the
scientific society.it aimed at acquainting the Muslims of India with
Western society and philosophy. Written both in urdu and eng.
Mouthpiece of aligarh.

Ans 9 : Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College was founded in

1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, initially as a primary school, with
the intention of turning it to a college level institution. It was
inspired by the Cambridge education system. It started operations
on Queen Victoria's 56th birthday, 24 May 1875. This college
offered both western and Indian education and islamic education
was also provided. It became a platform for muslims leaders.

Ans 10 : SSAK wanted to publicize the new educational methods.

In 1886, the set the MAO education conference which aimed to
The principal aims of the Conference were:
● To make an effort to spread among the Muslims western
education to a higher standard.'
● To enquire into the state of religious education in English
schools founded and endowed by the Muslims, and to
find out means to conduct it in the best possible way.
● To give some strengthened support to the instruction
voluntarily imparted by Muslim divines in religious and
other oriental learning's and adopt some measures to
maintain it as a living concern.
● To examine a state of education and instruction in the
indigenous primary schools and take steps to remove
 ● their present state of decay in directing them onto the
path of progress.
It attracted many famous writer leaders and established a
political platform for muslims of india.

Ans 11 : It started in 1867. When hindus of benares demanded

that the publication of scientific society should be in hindi. The
argued that urdu was the language of muslims as it was in
arabic script.The also claimed that urdu was a legacy of mughal
rule in india. So it was a muslim language / SSA negated their
views on language issue . He stated that it developed as a joint
effort of Hindus and muslim. Hindus demand was eventually
accepted in 1900 as hindi gained equal status in court.

Ans 12 : The 2 nation theory was presented by SSAK in 1862. He

evaluated from hindi urdu Undu controversy that Hindus and
Muslims have far more differences than they were w different
nationalities living in the subcontinent. He identified that both had
different customs cadition, social values which are generally
derived from their respected religion. SSAk expressed his views
of two nation theory in Jan 1883 and 1887 in his speeches. He
stated that European style diction and democracy were unsuitable
to India. He demanded that Muslims should have a separate
electorate.

Ans 13 : This was established by SSAK in 1865 at Aligarh which

was set up to convey to B. the sentiment and demands of the
people of India. Its purposes also included removing the
monopoly of → ElC and support for Indian manufacturers. It also
demanded inclusion of Indians in the civil service. Dissolved in
1862. However, its demands were adopted By INC.

Ans 14 : INC was founded by Hume and Sir Henry cotton.

It was set up to be a platform b.w Ind and the b. govt. It was
dominated by Hindu majority in 1885, 72 delegates participants;
They included 2 Muslims.Inc also demanded
democratic system of. govt, open competitive exams for govt,
post and Hindi to be the National language. In 1920, under the
leadership of Gandhi it became a political party for independence
from B. Many Muslim Leaders like Ginnah, Abdul Malan Azad
remained members of Congress party.

It was founded by SSAk in 1888 to work

as a platform against INC demands. In 1893, it became the MAO
defense Association. Its main objectives were, protect the political
interests of Muslims by representing their views to B. and Indian
Govt. Discourage popular political education. To provide support
to British to increase stability
B. Govt.

Q. Why did SSAK work as a conciliator?

1. He wanted to end British hostility towards
Muslims; Muslims were held responsible for war;seen as
main culprit; B. believed that Muslims were aggrieved at the less toof
Mughal Empire; wanted restore; united force during war; Muslims
became the victim of B. hostility; treated harshly, hanged publicly;
sewn into pigskins; past property was confiscated; SSAK believed that
such hostile behaviors of B. was not justified; wanted to ENd such
repressive policies.
wanted to improve the socio-economic status of
Muslims; treated as second class citizens; kept aloof from imp
positions; role in war further deteriorate their position; seen as
culprit; position was at the lowest eb; sSAk believed that position
could only be improved by better relations win B. ; accept B. as
their rulers, more cooperative approach towards B. ; improve their
status.

SSAk knew that Muslims also hated the British. Saw british as
foreign evaders; taken their rule saw b. as threat to islam; convert
to christianity exploitation of Muslims; B. were responsible for their
miseries ;
believed Muslims hostility should also be reduced;
M. should have a more cooperative approach towards B.; no need
to be afraid from christianity; wrote tabyin- ul- kalam to find
similarities b.w 2 religion.

Q. Why did SSAK write the causes of the Indian revolt?

To realize B. That they were equally responsible ; B. adopted a
hostile behavior towards Indians; wanted to highlight the failures
of B.; contributes to the war of Independence; he believed that B.
had failed to understand and respect the local feeling and
sentiments

Significance of work as conciliator

Wate the canes of indion melt realise B.; equally respansible for
Wag. ; agter war; M. were Created harshly; seen as main culprit y
war; B. believed they were agrived at the loes if M. empile; niled
fore in war; look harsh measures to teach Muslins a lesson eg
hanged publical; sen into pigstin, given death sentences; sith
believed that such menomes were unjustified; should be ended ;
B. dobt shout be removed; Do ; evaluated the reasons for was
eig.
i) mishanagement of B. 9. army ul forcible conversions.
i) inability to underland lecal customs and values; held B. equally
responsible for war ; translated in Eng. and cinculated among B.
efficals; nay officers realised their mistakes
i) Act of 1861; more Indiers would be included in civil service
i) realised that needed le listen te Indian demande ; paved the my
of INC