INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

AIM : To demonstrate the difference between resistors connected

in series and resistors connected in parallel.

APPARATUS :

THEORY : If the same potential difference is applied across ends

of geometrically similar rods of different materials , very different
currents result. The characteristic of the conductor that enters here
is its resistance. We determine the resistance of a conductor
between two points by applying a potential difference V between
those points and measuring the current i that results. The
resistance R is then

R = V/i
If V is in volts and i in amperes, the resistance R is in
volts/ampere, which is given the name of ohms (abbreviation Q),
such that 1 ohm = 1 volt/ampere. A conductor whose function in a
circuit is to provide a specified resistance is called a resistor.

Equivalent Resistance : The effective resistance of a circuit when

multiple resistors are joined in series or parallel is known as the
equivalent resistance.

The equivalent resistance for resistors connected in series is given

by :
Req = ∑ Ri

The equivalent resistance for resistors connected in parallel is

given by :
1/Req = ∑ 1/Ri
 PROCEDURE : The diagram on the left shows two types of
circuits. One is parallel and one is series. Let us know how to
make them.

Making Parallel Circuit:

We take a breadboard. In the breadboard , we take 3 LEDs of
same colour and we then connect them in parallel circuit
according the diagram shown. Then we connect the power supply
to a switch.

Making Series Circuit:

We take a breadboard. In the breadboard , we take 3 LEDs of
same colour and we then connect them in series circuit according
the diagram shown. Then we connect the power supply to a
switch.

OBSERVATIONS :

PRECAUTIONS :