1

1 Describe how aqueous bromine can be used to distinguish between a saturated hydrocarbon and
an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

observations with saturated hydrocarbon ................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

observations with unsaturated hydrocarbon ............................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 Draw the structure of ethanol to show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

[Total: 1]

3 Ethanol can be manufactured by fermentation.

Describe one other method of manufacturing ethanol.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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4 The structures of seven compounds or elements, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.

A B C D
H H
P
H C C H N N Cl Cl
Cl
H H

E F G
H H H H H H
O
H C C O H H H C C C C H

H H H H H

State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

5 Complete the sentence about ethanol using a word from the list.

combustion cracking electrolysis fermentation

Ethanol is manufactured from ethene or by ............................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

6 Name the two products formed when a hydrocarbon fuel undergoes complete combustion.

..................................................................................................................................................

and ........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

7 Ethene can be produced by cracking long-chain hydrocarbons to form short-chain hydrocarbons.

Explain why long-chain hydrocarbons are cracked to form short-chain hydrocarbons.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

8 Ethene, H2C=CH2, can be produced by cracking the kerosene fraction of petroleum.

 3

(a) State the meaning of the term cracking.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Complete the chemical equation for the cracking of C13H28 to form C8H18 and one other
hydrocarbon.

C13H28 → C8H18 + ..............................

[1]

[Total: 3]

9 Ethene can be produced from ethanol.

Draw the structure of ethene to show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

[Total: 1]

10 The structure of lactic acid is shown.

H C H

H O C H

C
O O

(a) On the structure, draw a circle around the alcohol functional group. [1]

(b) Deduce the formula of lactic acid to show the number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
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11 Describe a test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

test ...........................................................................................................................................

observations ............................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

12 The structure of compound A is shown.

H H

H C C H

H H

Name the two products formed when compound A undergoes complete combustion.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

13 The structures of seven compounds, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.

A B C D
H H H H H O
S
C C C H C C C
O O
H H
H H H H H O H

E F G
H H H H H

H C C O H H C C C H O C O

H H H H H

State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents a hydrocarbon that decolourises aqueous

bromine.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 Ethanol is an alcohol.
 5

(a) Complete the sentence about ethanol using a word from the list.

ethane ethene methane poly(ethene)

Ethanol is manufactured by fermentation or from ............................................................ [1]

(b) State two conditions needed for fermentation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 3]

15 Ethanol is used in drinks and as a fuel.

State one other use of ethanol.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 The structures of seven compounds, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are shown.

A B C D
H H H H H O
S
C C C H C C C
O O
H H
H H H H H O H

E F G
H H H H H

H C C O H H C C C H O C O

H H H H H

State which structure, A, B, C, D, E, F or G, represents a carboxylic acid.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

17 Ethanol and methanol are in the same homologous series.

Explain the meaning of the term homologous series.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
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[Total: 2]

18 A carboxylic acid Y has the structure shown.

H C O H

State the general formula of carboxylic acids.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

19 Ethane is an alkane which undergoes a photochemical reaction with chlorine as shown.

C2H6(g) + Cl2(g) → C2H5Cl(l) + HCl(g)

(a) In this reaction, an atom of hydrogen is replaced with a chlorine atom.

State the name of this type of organic reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) In this reaction, one of the products is chloroethane.

Name the other product.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

20 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

(a) Name ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Deduce the empirical formula of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

21 Ester Y has the structure shown.

 7

O H

H C O C H

(a) Describe what is meant by the term structural isomer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Name a carboxylic acid which is a structural isomer of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

22 Ethene is an alkene which reacts with bromine as shown in the equation.

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

Describe the colour change seen when ethene is bubbled through aqueous bromine.

from ..........................................................................................................................................

to .............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

23 Ethene is an alkene which reacts with bromine as shown in the equation.

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

In this reaction only one product is formed from two reactants.

Name this type of organic reaction.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

24 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

(a) Ester Y can be made by reacting two organic compounds together.

 8

Name the compounds and draw their structures.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

(i) structure

name ..................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) structure

name ..................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

25 Ethanol can be manufactured from ethene and one other reactant.

Describe the manufacture of ethanol from ethene to include:

the formula of ethene ...............................................................................................................

the name of the other reactant .................................................................................................

the conditions needed ..............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

26 Some hydrocarbons are formed by the process of cracking.

Describe the conditions for cracking.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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27 The structure of four organic compounds, C, D, E and F, are shown.

C D

H H O H H H H H

H C C C H C C C C C H

H H O H H H H H H

E F

H H H H H

H C C C H C C

H H H H H

State which compound, C, D, E and F, is a carboxylic acid.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

28 Toothpaste contains glycerol.

The structure of glycerol is shown.

H C O H

H C O H

H C O H

(a) Deduce the formula of glycerol to show the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 10

(b) Glycerol is an alcohol.

Ethanol is an alcohol.

Draw the structure of ethanol to show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

(c) Name the two products formed when ethanol undergoes complete combustion.

................................................................ and ..........................................................................

[2]

[Total: 4]

29 The structure of four organic compounds, C, D, E and F, are shown.

C D

H H O H H H H H

H C C C H C C C C C H

H H O H H H H H H

E F

H H H H H

H C C C H C C

H H H H H

State which compound, C, D, E or F, is the monomer used to make poly(ethene).

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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30 The structure of four organic compounds, C, D, E and F, are shown.

C D

H H O H H H H H

H C C C H C C C C C H

H H O H H H H H H

E F

H H H H H

H C C C H C C

H H H H H

State which two of the compounds, C, D, E and F, are in the same homologous series.

..................................................................... and ...........................................................................

[1]

[Total: 1]

31 Toothpaste contains cinnamal.

The structure of cinnamal is shown.

H H

C C H H

H C C C C C
C C H O
H H

(a) Deduce the formula of cinnamal to show the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 12

(b) Cinnamal can be oxidised to a carboxylic acid.

Draw the structure of a carboxylic acid functional group to show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.

[1]

[Total: 2]

32 Ethanol, C2H5OH, is an alcohol.

(a) Complete these sentences about ethanol using words from the list.

different formula group identical molecule similar

Ethanol is part of the alcohol homologous series.

Each member of the alcohol homologous series has the same functional ......................

Members of the same homologous series have chemical properties that are ................. [2]

(b) When ethanol undergoes incomplete combustion, a small amount of carbon dioxide is produced.

Name two other substances that are produced when ethanol undergoes incomplete combustion.

...........................................................................................................................................

and..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

33 The structures of four organic compounds, C, D, E and F, are shown.

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C D

H H H H H H

H C C C H C C C O H

H H H H H

E F

H H H H Br Br

H C C C C H H C C H

H H H H H H

Answer the following questions about these compounds.

Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which compound, C, D, E or F:

(a) decolourises aqueous bromine .........................................................................................

[1]

(b) is an alcohol ......................................................................................................................

[1]

(c) is unsaturated ...................................................................................................................

[1]

(d) is in the same homologous series as ethane. ..................................................................

[1]

[Total: 4]

34 The structures of four organic compounds, B, C, D and E are shown.

 14

B C

H O H H H

H C C H C C C H

H O H H H H

D E

H H H H H

H C C C H C C O H

H H H H

(a) State which compound, B, C, D or E, dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State which compound, B, C, D or E, is a saturated hydrocarbon.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State which compound, B, C, D or E, is an unreactive compound except in terms of burning.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State which compound, B, C, D or E, decolourises aqueous bromine.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

35 Give one use of ethanol.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

36 Ethanol can be manufactured from ethene and one other reactant.

Describe the manufacture of ethanol from ethene to include:

the formula of ethene ...............................................................................................................

the name of the other reactant .................................................................................................

the conditions needed. .............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
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37 The structures of four organic compounds, B, C, D and E, are shown.

B C

H O H H H

H C C H C C C H

H O H H H H

D E

H H H H H

H C C C H C C O H

H H H H

State which compound, B, C, D or E, decolourises aqueous bromine.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

38 The structures of four organic compounds, B, C, D and E, are shown.

B C

H O H H H

H C C H C C C H

H O H H H H

D E

H H H H H

H C C C H C C O H

H H H H

State which compound, B, C, D or E, dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

39 Ethanol is a member of the alcohol homologous series.

Members of the same homologous series have the same general formula.
 16

(a) State the general formula of alcohols.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State two general characteristics, other than the same general formula, of all homologous
series.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) One alcohol containing three carbon atoms is propan-1-ol.

Draw the structure of one other alcohol containing three carbon atoms.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

Name the alcohol you have drawn.

name.................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

40 When alcohols react with carboxylic acids, esters are produced.

The structure of ester X is shown.

H H H O

H C C C C H H

H H H O C C H

H H

(a) Name ester X.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give the name of the alcohol and the carboxylic acid that react together to produce ester X.

alcohol ..............................................................................................................................

carboxylic acid .................................................................................................................. [2]

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[Total: 3]