Grade 7 Chapter 9 - Rational numbers
Completion Date: 30th December
Rational Numbers | Class 7 | Maths| CBSE | ICSE | FREE Tutorial - YouTube
Class-7 Rational Numbers and Worksheets (letsplaymaths.com)
𝑝
A number of the form where p and q (≠0) are integers, is called a rational number.
𝑞
−3 8
Eg: , , 5 , -3, 2.5 ,-3.1 etc
5 11
• All integers, fractions and decimal numbers are rational numbers as they can be
represented as p/q form.
8
• is NOT a rational number as denominator can not be zero in a rational number.
0
Numerator and Denominator
𝑝
In 𝑞 , the integer p is the numerator, and the integer q (≠0) is the denominator.
−3
Thus in , the numerator is -3 and the denominator is 7.
7
Equivalent Rational Numbers
If we multiply the numerator and denominator of a rational number by the same non-zero
integer, we obtain another rational number equivalent to the given rational number.
−2
Eg:
7
−2
Four equivalent rational numbers of : 7
are
Positive and Negative Rational Numbers
A rational number whose numerator and denominator both are either positive or negative
2 −5
integers is called a positive rational number. Eg: Positive rational numbers ,
3 −9
A rational number, whose numerator is a negative integer and denominator is a positive
integer, is called a negative rational number. Similarly, if the numerator is positive integer
and denominator is a negative integer; is also a negative rational number.
−7 5
Negative rational numbers 11
, −8
Rational Numbers on a Number Line
Positive rational numbers are marked on the right of 0 on the number line whereas negative
rational numbers are marked on the left of 0 on the number line.
The method of representation is the same as the method of representation of fractions on
the number line.
Eg:
This fraction represents 5 parts out of 8 equal parts. Negative sign represents that it is
on the negative side of number line. Therefore, each space between two integers on
number line must be divided into 8 equal parts.
Rational Numbers in Standard Form
A rational number is said to be in the standard form if its denominator is a positive integer
and the numerator and the denominator have no common factor other than 1. Note that the
negative sign occurs only in the numerator.
A rational number in standard form is said to be in its lowest form.
Eg: (i)
(ii)
(iii)
Comparison of Rational Numbers
• Two positive rational numbers can be compared exactly as we compare two
fractions.
• Two negative rational numbers can be compared by ignoring their negative signs and
then reversing the order.
• Comparison of a negative and a positive rational number is obvious as a negative
rational number is always less than a positive rational number.
Eg:
(i)
As −28 < −25
Therefore,
Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers
There exist an unlimited number of rational numbers between any two rational
numbers.
Eg: (ii) −2 and −1
Find two equivalent rational numbers with the same denominator and then we can find
required number of rational numbers between two given rational numbers.
e.g
Five rational numbers between -2 and -1 are
(iii)
Five rational numbers are
Operations on Rational Numbers
Addition
Addition of two rational numbers with same denominators: Two rational numbers
with the same denominators can be added by adding their numerators, keeping the
denominator same.
Addition of two rational numbers with different denominators: As in the case of
fractions, we first find the LCM of the two denominators. Then we find the rational
numbers equivalent to the given rational numbers with this LCM as the denominator.
Now, we add the two rational numbers as in (A).
Eg:
L.C.M of 10 and 15 is 30.
Additive Inverse
𝑝 −𝑝
The additive inverse of the rational number 𝑞 is 𝑞
2 −2
Eg: The additive inverse of 3
is 3
−3 3
The additive inverse of 4
is 4
Subtraction
While subtracting two rational numbers, we add the additive inverse of the rational
number to be subtracted to the other rational number.
Eg:
L.C.M of 8 and 11 is 88.
Multiplication
Multiplication of a rational number by a positive integer:
While multiplying a rational number by a positive integer, we multiply the numerator
by that integer, keeping the denominator unchanged.
−2 −4
E.g 2 x 3
=
3
Multiplication of rational number by a negative integer:
While multiplying a rational number by a negative integer, we multiply the numerator
by that integer, keeping the denominator unchanged.
−2 4
-2 x 3
=3
Multiplication of two rational numbers (none of which is an integer):
Based on the above observations,
So, as done in fractions we multiply two rational numbers as follows:
• Step 1. Multiply the numerators of the two rational numbers.
• Step 2. Multiply the denominators of the two rational numbers.
𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩1
• Step 3. Write the product as Result of Step2
Eg:
(i)
(ii)
Division
𝑝 𝑞
The reciprocal of the rational number 𝑞 is 𝑝
To divide one rational number by other rational number, we multiply one rational number by
the reciprocal of the other. (Apply KCF -Keep Change Flip rule)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Practice questions
1. Find three rational numbers equivalent to each of the following rational numbers.
−2
(i) 5
3
(ii) 7
2. Reduce the following rational numbers in standard form.
−10
(i)
15
20
(ii) −30
−3
3. Represent 7
on a number line.
−2
4. Insert five rational numbers between 3
and -1
5. Evaluate
5 −11 −9 −22 −9 7 −1 3
i) 4
+ 12 ii) 10
–( 15
) iii) 2
×4 iv) 8
÷ 4
