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Install and con gure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

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This comprehensive tutorial describes how to install and con gure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 6
server edition. As you may know already, DNS is the short form of Domain name system, which is us
resolve hostnames into IP addresses and vice versa. For the purpose of this guide, I will be using three sys
one for Primary DNS server, other for secondary DNS, and the third one for DNS client. All systems are ru
with Ubuntu 16.04 operating systems. Here is the IP and host name of each system.
Primary DNS server:
a Free Hosting Control Panel
one-click install LNMP/LAMP developing
aaPanel Open
Operating system : Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bit server
Hostname : pri.ostechnix.lan
IP address : 192.168.1.200/24
Secondary DNS server:
Hostname : sec.ostechnix.lan
IP address : 192.168.1.201/24
DNS Client:
Hostname : client.ostechnix.lan
IP address : 192.168.1.202/24 if you wish. Accept Read More 
LetREAD
us get started.
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Install and Con gure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.04

I will split this guide as as three parts for the sake of simplicity and easy understanding.
1. Install and con gure Caching-only name server,

2. Install and con gure Primary DNS server or Master DNS server
3. Install and con gure Secondary DNS server or Slave DNS server
Let us do it step by step.
Part 1 : Install and con gure Caching-only name server,
Make sure your Ubuntu server is up-to-date.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Install BIND9
After updating the system, run the following command to install BIND9 packages which are used to setup
server.
sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc
READ ALSO
Install BIND9
Con guring Caching name server
Caching name server saves the DNS query results locally for a particular period of time. It reduces the
server's tra c by saving the queries locally, therefore it improves the performance and e ciency of the
server.
To con gure Caching name server, edit /etc/bind/named.conf.options le:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.options
Uncomment the following lines. And then, add your ISP or Google public DNS server IP addresses.
forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
}; if you wish. Accept Read More 
READ ALSO
Save and close the le.
And then restart bind9 service to take e ect the changes.
sudo systemctl restart bind9
We have successfully installed the caching name server.
Testing Caching name server
Now let us check if it is working or not using command:
dig -x 127.0.0.1
if you wish.
If you see something like below, congratulations! Accept name
Caching Read More is working!
server 
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; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>>DATABASE DIRECTORY
-x 127.0.0.1 SERVERS MOBILE  SECURITY 
;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 22769
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 3
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN PTR localhost.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
127.in-addr.arpa. 604800 IN NS localhost.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
localhost. 604800 IN A 127.0.0.1
localhost. 604800 IN AAAA ::1
;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 192.168.1.200#53(192.168.1.200)
;; WHEN: Tue Aug 23 15:53:59 IST 2016
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 132
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developing
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Part 2 : Install and con gure Primary DNS server
Make sure your Ubuntu server is up-to-date using the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
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sudo website uses upgrade
apt-get cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out
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sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Install BIND9
Run the following command to install BIND9 packages.
Con guring Primary DNS server
All con guration le be will be available under /etc/bind/ directory.
Let us edit bind9 con guration le
Edit ‘/etc/bind/named.conf’ using any editor of your choice:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf
This le should have the following lines in it. If the lines are not there, just add them.
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
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Save the changes and exit the le.
We need to de ne the forward and reverse zone les.
To do so, edit named.conf.local le:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local
De ne the forward and reverse lesifas shown
you wish. below.
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zone "ostechnix.lan" { CLOUD DATABASE DIRECTORY SERVERS MOBILE  SECURITY 
type master;
file "/etc/bind/for.ostechnix.lan";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.201; };
also-notify { 192.168.1.201; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.201; };
also-notify { 192.168.1.201; };
};
READ ALSO
Here, for.ostechnix.lan is the forward zone le. rev.ostechnix.lan is the reverse zone
And 192.168.1.202 is the IP address of secondary DNS server. We do this because, the secondary DNS wil
to fetch the queries if primary server is down.
Let us now create the zone les which we de ned in the previous step.
First let us create forward zone le as shown below.
sudo nano /etc/bind/for.ostechnix.lan
Add the following lines:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA pri.ostechnix.lan. root.ostechnix.lan. (
2011071001 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800
READ ALSO ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN A 192.168.1.200
@ IN A 192.168.1.201
@ IN A 192.168.1.202
pri IN A 192.168.1.200
sec IN A 192.168.1.201
client IN A 192.168.1.202
READ ALSO
Similarly, you can add the other client records as de ned in the above le.
Save and close the le. Next create reverse zone.
sudo nano /etc/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan
Add the following lines:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA pri.ostechnix.lan. root.ostechnix.lan. (
2011071002 ;Serial
3600 ;Refresh
1800 ;Retry
604800 ;Expire
86400 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
@ IN PTR ostechnix.lan.
pri IN A 192.168.1.200
sec IN A 192.168.1.201
client IN A 192.168.1.202
200 IN PTR pri.ostechnix.lan.
201 ALSO
READ IN PTR sec.ostechnix.lan.
202 IN PTR client.ostechnix.lan.
Set the proper permissions and ownership to the bind9 directory.
sudo chmod -R 755 /etc/bind
sudo chown -R bind:bind /etc/bind
Next, we need to verify the DNS con guration les and zone les.
Check the DNS con guration les with commands:
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named-checkconf your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out
/etc/bind/named.conf
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sudo named-checkconf /etc/bind/named.conf.local
If the above commands returns nothing, it means DNS con guration is valid.
Next, check the zone les using commands:
sudo named-checkzone ostechnix.lan /etc/bind/for.ostechnix.lan
Sample output:
zone ostechnix.lan/IN: loaded serial 2011071001

OK
Check the reverse zone le:
sudo named-checkzone ostechnix.lan /etc/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan
Sample output:
zone ostechnix.lan/IN: loaded serial 2011071002

OK
READ ALSO
If you got the results as shown above, then everything is good.
Now, it is time to check whether the primary DNS server is working or not.
Edit /etc/network/interfaces le:
sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
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Add the DNS server IP address. In our case, the DNS server IP is the same IP address of this machine itself.
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.200
Finally, restart Bind9 service.
sudo systemctl restart bind9
Testing primary DNS server
Verify DNS server using dig or nslookup commands.

READ ALSO
dig pri.ostechnix.lan
Sample output:
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> pri.ostechnix.lan

;; Got answer:
;pri.ostechnix.lan. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
pri.ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.200
ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
sec.ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.201

;; SERVER: 192.168.1.200#53(192.168.1.200)
;; WHEN: Tue Aug 23 16:56:13 IST 2016
READ ALSO
Or, use nslookup command as shown below:
nslookup ostechnix.lan
Sample output:
Server: 192.168.1.200
Address: 192.168.1.200#53
Name: ostechnix.lan
Address: 192.168.1.200
Name: ostechnix.lan
Address: 192.168.1.201
Name: ostechnix.lan
Address: 192.168.1.202
READ ALSO
If you got results something like above, then primary DNS server is up and is working perfectly!
Part 2: Install and con gure Secondary DNS server

You need a separate system to setup this server. We need secondary DNS server, because in case o
problem with Primary DNS, then secondary dns server will still resolve quries.
First, Update server using commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
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sudo website uses dist-upgrade
apt-get cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out
Install
READBIND9
ALSO
Install required bind9 packages:
Con gure secondary DNS server
Edit bind9 con guration le:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf
Add the following lines if they are not there.
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
Next, we need to de ne zone les.
To do so, edit named.conf.local le:
sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local
Add or modify the following lines. Replace IP address and zone les with your own values.
zone "ostechnix.lan" {
type slave;
file "/var/cache/bind/for.ostechnix.lan";
masters { 192.168.5.200; };
}; ALSO
READ
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type slave;
file "/var/cache/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan";
masters { 192.168.5.200; };
};
Here, 192.168.1.200 is the IP address of the primary DNS server.
Please note that the path of zone les must be /var/cache/bind/ directory. It is because AppArmor only
write access inside it by default.
Next set the proper permission and ownership to the bind directory.
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755 /etc/bind
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sudo chown -R bind:bindCLOUD DATABASE
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Then, edit network con guration le and add the primary and secondary DNS server's IP address.
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
[...]

Finally,
READ reboot
ALSOyour system to take e ect the all changes.
Testing Secondary DNS server
As I mentioned already, we use "dig" or "nslookup" commands to test DNS server.
Let us verify the secondary DNS server with command:
dig sec.ostechnix.lan
Sample Output:
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> sec.ostechnix.lan

;; Got answer:
;sec.ostechnix.lan. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
sec.ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.201
ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN NS sec.ostechnix.lan.
ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN NS pri.ostechnix.lan.
pri.ostechnix.lan. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.200

;; SERVER: 192.168.1.200#53(192.168.1.200)
;; WHEN:
READ Tue Aug 23 18:19:47 IST 2016
ALSO
Similarly, you can verify primary DNS server with command:
Or, just use nslookup command as shown below.
nslookup ostechnix.lan
Note: Please note that the zone les will be transferred only when the Serial Number on the Primary
server is higher than the Secondary DNS server's serial number.
Con guring DNS client

EditThis website
network usesguration
con cookies toleimprove your experience.
in the client system: We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out
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sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
Add the nameserver IP addresses.
[...]
nameserver 192.168.1.200
Save and close the le. Then, reboot your system to take e ect the changes.
Test the DNS servers using any one of the following commands:
dig sec.ostechnix.lan
dig client.ostechnix.lan
nslookup ostechnix.local
At this stage, you will have working primary and secondary DNS servers.
Also read - How to Setup DNS Server in CentOS 6

Don't forget to download the following free EBOOK that explains how to install and con gure various serve
applications on your Ubuntu system.
Download - Free eGuide: "Ubuntu Documentation: Ubuntu Server Guide 2014"
That's all for now. If you nd this guide useful, please share it on your social networks and support OSTech
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BIND9 DNS DNS SERVER UBUNTU 16.04 LTS
 25 comments 1       
SK
I am Senthil Kumar, more commonly known as SK to my friends, from India. I love to read, write
explore topics on Linux, Unix and all other technology related stu .
   
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25 COMMENTS
VAN PHAM
 December 9, 2016 - 10:50 am
Thanks for this guide but i found the problems when i do following your.
When i check : dig -x 127.0.0.1, or : dig pri.ostechnix.lan
The server i see if di rence
SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Fri Dec 09 17:40:03 ICT 2016
That’s all wrong the IP ADDRESS. (I’m a newbie using ubuntu)
Any help ! Tks.
SK
 December 9, 2016 - 2:49 pm
If you have followed the exact steps, you shouldn’t have got this message. Did you add the D
server IP in your /etc/network/interfaces le? If not, add it and try again. It should work. I hav
checked this guide multiple times on my local network. It worked every time as I explained.
EDIVALDO SANTOS
 January 11, 2017 - 11:10 pm
I tried it once it worked properly..thanks But i have a question.. Where should i add the secondary DN
zone. I’m trying to use primary,secondary, and client in the same server. I couldn’t gure out if your
instructions for secondary DNS zone were to add it on sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local where
primary is installed or if its has to be installed in another machine? please help me with that, and if yo
add some tips MX records con guration. thanks.
This website uses cookies

SK to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out
if -you
 January 12, 2017 6:14wish.
am Accept Read More 
READ ALSO How can you use the same server for primary and secondary DNS? As far as I know it’s
impossible.
EDIVALDO SANTOS
 January 12, 2017 - 9:34 am
alyt! Thanks.
NISAR
 April 18, 2017 - 5:49 pm
it have to be another machine
OSCAR
 August 6, 2017 - 12:22 pm
Hi, a question this steps is only for local network or this found for a real domain…??
Thanks for you reply and very nice tutorial.
SK
 August 6, 2017 - 2:54 pm
Due to the limited resources, I didn’t check it for real domain. But the same steps should wor
wither local or wan.
OSCAR
 August 7, 2017 - 9:23 am
Ok…
Thank you very much.
JOHN CUNNINGHAM
 August 8, 2017 - 12:36 am
This website uses cookies

everything workedto improve your
ne up until experience.
i did We'll guess
a NSLOOKUP, assume you're
you okonce
forgot with small
this, but you can opt-out
step:
if you wish.
the step to edit /etc/resolv.conf Accept
le, and add ReadIPMore
DNS server address. 
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

READ ALSO
please add to your tutorial, thanks for the tutorial, everything else worked ne.
ARCHIE MURRELL
 September 10, 2017 - 9:29 pm
Great tutorial SK
I got primary DNS working on a server because of the this very informative tutorial.
SK
 September 11, 2017 - 12:49 pm
Glad it helped you. Keep visiting!
ADITYA WIBOWO
 May 21, 2018 - 10:04 am
Hi, thank you for the tutorial

I have a question, i want to build a mail server just for my campus homework, can i just build 1 DNS to
operate the mail server?
and if i need more than 1 DNS, is it mean i need another OS to make the 2nd DNS?
SK
 May 21, 2018 - 12:09 pm
Yes. We need two systems to setup primary and secondary dns servers.
BRIAN
 June 22, 2018 - 5:15 pm
Here, for.ostechnix.lan is the forward zone le. rev.ostechnix.lan is the reverse zone les. And
192.168.1.202 is the IP address of secondary DNS server. We do this because, the secondary DNS will
to fetch the queries if primary server is down. Shouldn’t this line say 192.168.1.201 because 202 is not
secondary dns according to opening statement.
Secondary DNS server:

READ ALSO
Hostname : sec.ostechnix.lan
IP address : 192.168.1.201/24
THIAGO VINCENZI CONRADO
 August 31, 2018 - 7:22 pm
agree
BENNIO
 July 28, 2018 - 3:26 pm
Thank you for the tuto.

I have a problem, client can ping server address but can’t ping with domain name, when I use dig, I go
message : (connection timed out: no server could be reach )
SURESH
 August 22, 2018 - 10:44 pm
i installed with your insruction working well in local network i want to use as puplic dns server i have
ns1.mydomain.com with a record point with public ip how to do that kindly help me we are internet se
provider
AKHIL
 October 22, 2018 - 8:20 pm
I’ve followed the step by step of the document but changed the names and addresses wherever neces
After dig pri.*****.lan , my output is not showing the answer. It says answer : 0 . But in the output of y
the answer :1
BHAGWANT SINGH
 March 2, 2019 - 1:26 am
will you please evaluate that how we can create a forward lookup zone and reverse lookup zone i tried
thrice but nothing is working, so i need your help..
ROGER
READ ALSO
 May 10, 2019 - 10:43 pm
To con gure a DNS server is it necessary for the domain to be registered?
SK
 May 11, 2019 - 11:49 am
Yes, you should register the domain. If it is local DNS server, it is not required.
BHARGAVI
 June 22, 2019 - 7:09 pm
Hi
When I run “dig pri.ostechnix.lan” in the output part I am not getting details related to secondary dom
name server. Is there anything need to be con gured.
LOUIS
 November 14, 2019 - 7:48 pm
Hello when i type nslookup “localhost” the server says “server can’t nd “localhost”: SERVFAIL
EDNO
 December 13, 2019 - 1:36 am
Great guide. It helped me a lot!

I didn’t nd where to rate, but you got ve of ve stars.
Thanks!!!
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24/12/2020 Install and configure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.

DEBIAN DNS FAQ LINUX LINUX MINT UBUNTU

Install and con gure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

READ ALSO  25 comments 1    SERVERS

Primary DNS server:

a Free Hosting Control Panel

one-click install LNMP/LAMP developing

Operating system : Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bit server

Secondary DNS server:

Operating system : Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bit server

Operating system : Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64 bit server

Install and Con gure DNS server in Ubuntu 16.04

1. Install and con gure Caching-only name server,

Let us do it step by step.

Part 1 : Install and con gure Caching-only name server,

Make sure your Ubuntu server is up-to-date.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

Con guring Caching name server

To con gure Caching name server, edit /etc/bind/named.conf.options le:

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.options

Save and close the le.

And then restart bind9 service to take e ect the changes.

sudo systemctl restart bind9

We have successfully installed the caching name server.

Testing Caching name server

Now let us check if it is working or not using command:

;; global options: +cmd

;; Query time: 0 msec

one-click install LNMP/LAMP

Part 2 : Install and con gure Primary DNS server

sudo apt-get update

Run the following command to install BIND9 packages.

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

Con guring Primary DNS server

All con guration le be will be available under /etc/bind/ directory.

Let us edit bind9 con guration le

Edit ‘/etc/bind/named.conf’ using any editor of your choice:

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf

Imprimez plus facilement vos

Save the changes and exit the le.

We need to de ne the forward and reverse zone les.

To do so, edit named.conf.local le:

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Save and close the le.

First let us create forward zone le as shown below.

sudo nano /etc/bind/for.ostechnix.lan

Add the following lines:

Save and close the le. Next create reverse zone.

sudo nano /etc/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan

Add the following lines:

Save and close the le.

Set the proper permissions and ownership to the bind9 directory.

sudo chmod -R 755 /etc/bind

sudo chown -R bind:bind /etc/bind

Check the DNS con guration les with commands:

Next, check the zone les using commands:

sudo named-checkzone ostechnix.lan /etc/bind/for.ostechnix.lan

zone ostechnix.lan/IN: loaded serial 2011071001

Check the reverse zone le:

sudo named-checkzone ostechnix.lan /etc/bind/rev.ostechnix.lan