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kkkkeem1002
08/26/2023 • Engineering • High School

answered • expert verified

A binary communication system transmits a signal X that is either

a +2 volt signal or a -2 volt signal. A malicious channel reduces
the magnitude of the received signal by the number of heads it
counts in two tosses of a coin. Let Y be the resulting signal. For
example, if both tosses are heads, and X was -2 volt or 2 volt, then
Y would be 0 volt; if X was -2 volt, and only one head in the two
tosses, then Y would be -1 volt.
(a) Observe the value of Y, and find its sample space (i.e., all possible values of Y).
(b) Find the set of outcomes (i.e., possible values of Y) in the event "transmitted signal X
was definitely -2."
(c) If outcome Y = 0, list all possible values of X.

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yabhishe999
Ambitious • 13.9K answers • 831.9K people helped

Final answer:
In a binary communication system transmitting a +2 or -2 volt signal, after a malicious
channel interference that reduces voltage based on coin toss heads, reachable values of
the resultant signal Y range from -2 to 2. If the transmitted signal X was -2, Y can be -2, -1,
or 0. If Y equals 0, X could have been -2 or +2.

Explanation:
In this scenario, a binary communication system is transmitting a signal, X, which can either
be a +2 volt signal or a -2 volt signal. A malicious channel interferes and reduces the
voltage of the received signal based on the number of heads it counts in two coin tosses.
The resultant signal is Y.
1. The sample space of Y, i.e., all the possible values of Y, would be {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}. This is
because there could be 0 heads (no reduction), 1 head (reduction by 1 volt), or 2 heads
(reduction by 2 volts).
 2. If the transmitted signal X was definitely -2, then the possible outcomes for Y would
be -2, -1, and 0.
3. If the outcome Y is 0, then the possible values for X would have been either -2 or +2,
reduced by either 2 heads or no heads in the two coin tosses.

Learn more about Probability theory here:

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