LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Acting like a plastic 'sponge', Accurel is one

of the new systems for introducing additives
homogeneously to a granular compound.
(Photograph: Akzo Nobel) 6
Figure 2.2 Many types of additives, such as stabilizers,
are now supplied in forms that are easier and
safer to handle and use. (Photograph:
Akcros Chemicals) 8
Figure 4.1. A typical compounding line for reinforced
thermoplastics. (Illustration: FTP Co) 22
Figure 5.1. Polypropylene is reinforced with chemically
coupled glass fibre for injection moulding
this Whirlpool washing machine tub, giving
high performance for low cost.
(Photograph: Ticona) 38
Figure 6.1. Structures of inorganic pigments:
(top) rutile-cassiterite structure of inorganic
colour pigments and (bottom) the spinel
structure. (Illustration: Ferro Corporation) 59
Figure 7.1. Diagram of carbon black molecules illustrates
how the size and structure influence the
processing and properties.
(Illustration: Cabot Corporation) 85
Figure 11.1. Carbon black additives can also conduct
electricity, offering a simple and effective
means of providing anti-static properties
or EMI shielding.
(Photograph: Cabot Corporation) 145
Figure 11.2. Carbon black particles.
(Photograph: Cabot Corporation) 146
Figure 16.1. A new dimension for polypropylene is signalled
by the development of clarifying agents,
such as Millad.
(Photograph: Milliken Chemical) 201
xxii Additives for Plastics Handbook

Figure 17.1. With an average particle diameter of 4.5 /xm,

Tospearl is an advanced silicone
anti-blocking agent.
(Photograph: GE Silicones) 217
Figure 21.1. For better compounding efficiency, recent
barrier screw designs by Davis-Standard
include (top) DSB-V, with variable-pitch
barrier flight, and DSB-V I, with a
dual-barrier design and variable lead barrier
flight. (Photograph: Davis-Standard) 2 52
Figure 21.2. Powerful shearing and homogenizing of
sensitive materials, retaining vital rheological
properties, is provided by Farrel Corporation's
Advex. (Photograph: Farrel Corporation) 2 53
Figure 21.3. Looking towards a new market demand, the
Davis-Standard Woodtruder combines in a
single system the latest plastics extrusion
technology with technology for processing
wood fibre. (Photograph: Davis-Standard) 2 54