COMMUNICATION MODELS

1. Linear Communication Model

a. It is a unidirectional model. The process is moving in one direction only, which

means the speaker is sending a message to the receiver with or without effect.
b. It presents a simple communication act. The linear model does not look like a
process. Instead, it is a transmission only of a cause and effect or also known as a one-
way causality.
c. It involves persuasion, not mutual understanding. The linear model promotes
influence or advice rather than cultivating a mutual understanding among
communicators.
d. It values psychological effects over social effects. The linear model concentrates on
the psychological effects (such as the individual understanding of the message) of the
communicators rather than the social effects (like the relationships among
communicators).

2. Interactive Communication Model

In the more complex interactive model, the sender channels a message to the
receiver and the receiver then sends feedback and channels a message to the original
sender. In this context, the interactive model is like two linear models piled on top of
each other. Communication is considered effective if it receives the desired result,
response or reaction (Lorente, et al., 2017). Since this model has two sender-receivers
who exchange messages, each participant alternates roles as sender and receiver in
order to keep a communication encounter going. Thus, the interactive model is more
interaction-focused because many messages may be sent at one time and many of
them may not even be received. Some messages are also unintentionally sent, so this
model acknowledges that communication is nuanced and complex (Lapum, et al.,
2020).

3. Transactional Communication Model

a. Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide
communication. Some common rules influence social contexts (i.e. do not lie to people;
do not interrupt people; thank people when upon receiving a compliment from them).
Usually, guardians and teachers pass on these rules to the young ones. These unstated
norms serve as reminders to children or students where there could be consequences
for not following them.

b. Relational context involves the social history and relationship between/ among
people. Initial interactions among people are more predictable and ruled by norms, but
in relational context, people are more flexible whether to follow or to get away from
these social customs. For instance, the communication rules and norms for a father-
daughter relationship do not apply to a boss-secretary relationship or vice versa. ("The
Communication Process." 2016)

c. Cultural context incorporates the aspects of human identity, specifically the sexual
characteristics, ethnic group, way of life, sexual orientation, social class, and skill.
Historically marginalized identities are naturally aware of their cultural background,
which usually influence their communication to others and others' communication with
them. In communication, dominant identities of people are rarely present, by chance,
imagine how cultural context engages in their communication. ("The
CommunicationProcess." 2016)

Among the kinds of communication models, the transactional model is

considered the most accurate representation of the communication process. Although
the interactive models recognize feedback and the cyclical process of communication,
these do not illustrate the dynamic and simultaneous nature of communication
(Elcomblus, 2020).

The transactional model by Raymie, et al. (in Elcomblus, 2020) was designed
primarily to represent public communication. Speakers here may be evaluated
according to their credibility, self-concept or attitude towards self or others, knowledge
of the subject, and intention or purpose of communication. While the listeners are
characterized by their purpose of listening, knowledge and interest about the topic,
listening skills, and their attitudes towards self, the speaker, and ideas or information
presented.
Likewise, feedback may be intentional (e.g., reply, angry retort, etc.) or
unintentional (e.g., yawning), and verbal (oral or written) or nonverbal. But, feedback
here moves in both directions, and may simultaneously come from both the speaker
and the listener. The three aspects of a message include the content, the structure, and
the style. Finally, the situation element refers to the physical environment and social
context in which communication occurs. Again, social context refers to the stated rules
or unstated norms that guide communication (i.e. do not lie to people; do not interrupt
people; thank people when upon receiving a compliment from them) (Dapat & Chang,
2018).