Operation of the system

will have mechanical elements that make it easy for it to achieve and maintain cold
temperatures. They are the components that will maintain the refrigeration cycle. These
components are highly specialised in order to provide the desired effects.They include a
compressor, condenser, expansion valve/metering or throttling device and an evaporator.
Additionally, the fridge has to use a refrigerant, a substance that is used to provide the
cooling effect, The refrigerant has to pass through all these components and in each, it is
altered to achieve the required temperatures. The refrigeration cycle starts and ends with
the compressor. The refrigerant flows into the Compressor where it is coThe one main
importance of learning how your commercial fridge works is so that you understand how
to clean and maintain equipment effectively.
Now this low-pressure, low-temperature vapor is drawn to the compressor where it is compressed into a
high-temperature, high-pressure vapor. The compressor discharges it to the condenser, so that it can
give up the heat that it picked up in the evaporator. The refrigerant vapor is at a higher temperature
than the air passing across the condenser (air-cooled type); or water passing through the condenser
(water-cooled type); therefore that is transferred from the warmer refrigerant vapor to the cooler air or
watermpressed and pressurised. At this point, the refrigerant is a hot gas. The refrigerant is
then pushed to the Condenser which turns the vapour into liquid and absorbs some of the
heat. The refrigerant then proceeds to the Expansion Valve where it expands, losing
pressure and heat. The refrigeration cycle basically involves the movement of refrigerant
from one place to the next and in different forms with the ultimate goal of pulling down
temperatures whether in a cabinet, .

. The refrigeration system requires some means of connecting the basic major components - evaporator,
compressor, condenser, and metering device - just as roads connect communities. Tubing or "lines"
make the system complete so that the refrigerant will not leak out into the atmosphere. The suction line
connects the evaporator or cooling coil to the compressor, the hot gas or discharge line connects the
compressor to the condenser, and the liquid line is the connecting tubing between the condenser and the
metering device (Thermal expansion valve). Some systems will have a receiver immediately after the
condenser and before the metering device, where the refrigerant is stored until it is needed for heat
removal in the evaporator.

There are many different kinds and variations of the refrigeration cycle components. For example, there
are at least a half dozen different types of compressor, from the reciprocating, piston through a screw,
scroll and centrifugal impeller design, but the function is the same in all cases - that of compressing the
heat laden vapor into a high-temperature vapor.

The same can be said of the condenser and evaporator surfaces. They can be bare pipes, or they can be
finned condensers and evaporators with electrically driven fans to pass the air through tem, or with a
condenser pump to pump the water through a water-cooled condenser.

There are a number of different types of metering devices to regulate the liquid refrigerant into the
evaporator, depending on size of equipment, refrigerant used, and its application.

The mechanical refrigeration system described above is essentially the same whether the system be a
domestic refrigerator, a low-temperature freezer, comfort air conditioning system, industrial chiller, or
commercial cooling equipment. Refrigerants will be different and size of the equipment will vary
greatly, but the principle of operation and the refrigeration cycle remains the same. Thus, once you
understand the simple actions that are taking place within the refrigeration mechanical cycle you should
have a good understanding how a refrigeration system works.
Troubleshooting of the system

Identifying a malfunctioning machine’s symptoms is absolutely critical because it can

shorten the troubleshooting process by placing the focus on only those components
capable of causing those particular problems. Teaching future troubleshooters to first
ask the operator to identify any observed symptoms in a malfunctioning machine is
essential. Let’s face it; no matter how well a troubleshooter is trained, the operator that
daily runs and monitors that particular machine is vastly more familiar with its operation
than anyone else and their input is critical at this stage. Too often, inexperienced
troubleshooters assume they know the answer when they truly don’t understand the
question. When training troubleshooters, it is important to teach them not to overlook
this extremely valuable resource. Once the operator has identified the machine’s
specific symptoms, drawing useful conclusions concerning the fault that is causing the
problem is much simpler.Categorizing the probable fault based on the symptoms
focuses a troubleshooter’s efforts to a significantly smaller area, which saves valuable
time and money. For example, a well-trained troubleshooter should be able to quickly
categorize the problem into machine sequence, machine performance, or system
related issues.

Many highly skilled troubleshooters recommend the Symptom & Cause method as the
most effective. Teaching troubleshooters to focus only on those components capable of
causing the observed symptoms saves time, which is why proper identification of a
machine’s symptoms is critical. For this method to be effective, troubleshooters must
not only understand a component’s function, but how it operates internally to achieve
that function. Once the faulty component is identified through in-circuit testing, it should
be tested out-of-circuit to verify its failure. One parts manufacturer stated that nearly
70% of its returned parts were not defective. Out-of-circuit testing isolates the
component from the rest of the system and can prevent time wasted in replacing the
wrong component.

Testing the system’s operation once the problem is “fixed” is the last step before signing
off the job ticket and walking away from a machine repair. The following example
illustrates the importance of this step. A hydraulic system’s main relief valve was
replaced and the system started to check for leakage. However, once the maintenance
personnel left, the machine operator attempted to adjust the valve to the proper system
pressure only to discover that they were unable to do so because the wrong
replacement valve had been installed. This resulted in yet more downtime and almost
double the labor cost to fix it.

Problems in the refrigeration system may affect the amperage drawn by the compressor. For
example, when noncondensables are in the system, the compressor works harder as a result, and
a high amperage reading will be detected. Loose wire connections and overheating can also
cause high amperage draw. On the other hand, an inefficient compressor draws lower amperage.
The building engineer should consult an experienced electrical contractor to make electrical
repairs for any malfunctions related to amperage draw.
Error of the system

The inability of commercial refrigeration systems to provide enough cooling may be due to: dirty
condenser and evaporator coils, a malfunctioning compressor or thermostat, incorrect
temperature settings, dirty fans, inadequate air flow inside the refrigerator, door gaskets that
aren’t sealing properly, or refrigerant leaks.

An important, yet often overlooked, aspect is that a malfunctioning compressor can cause
significant temperature fluctuations inside a refrigerator and affect its efficiency. While there are
many different potential causes of compressor failure, high compressor discharge temperatures
represent one of the most common problems when it comes to commercial refrigeration.

Because a malfunctioning compressor needs to work harder and longer in order to maintain the
temperature levels desired in refrigerated compartments, the discharge temperature is often going
above the limit recommended by the manufacturer. Eventually, this will lead to compressor
overheating. during replacement of a heat exchanger, a vent line linking the system to a
second reactor was not identified. No reference had been made to P&IDs, even though the
plant was congested and spread over several floors. Because of the failure to isolate the
vent line, a substantial release of hydrogen bromide gas occurred when the line was
opened. An interlock sequence is determined during plant design and includes all valves
that could potentially lead to hydrocarbon outbreaks. An interlock sequence prevents these
valves from being missed or overlooked in the field.