04

Laws of Motion
TOPIC 1 Now, magnitude of the impulse imparted
to the ball, From the above diagram (b) as the string
Newtons Laws of Motion and
|Impulse | = m | ∆v | moves by an angle ofθ with the vertical
Conservation of Momentum
= 0.15 | 10 2 − (−10 2) | then the tangent angle is
= 0.15|2 × 10 2 | ma a
01 A ball of mass 0.15 kg is dropped tanθ = ⇒ θ = tan−1  
= 4.2 kg -m / s mg g
from a height 10 m, strikes the
ground and rebounds to the same 02 A truck is stationary and has a bob 03 A particle moving with velocity v is
height. The magnitude of impulse suspended by a light string, in a acted by three forces shown by the
imparted to the ball is nearly frame attached to the truck. The vector triangle PQR.
(g = 10 m/s 2 ) [NEET 2021] truck, suddenly moves to the right The velocity of the particle will
(a) 0 (b) 4.2 kg-m/s with an acceleration of a. The [NEET (National) 2019]
(c) 2.1 kg-m/s (d) 1.4 kg-m/s pendulum will tilt P
Ans. (b) [NEET (Odisha) 2020]
Given, the mass of the ball dropped from (a) to the left and the angle of inclination
the height, m = 0.15 kg of the pendulum with the vertical is
sin−1  
g
The height from the ball dropped,
a
h = 10 m R Q
We know that, (b) to the left and angle of inclination of
the pendulum with the vertical is (a) decrease
| Impulse | = m | ∆v | a
tan−1   (b) remain constant
where, ∆v = v 2 − v 1 g (c) change according to the smallest
Here, v 2 is velocity reaches to the same force QR
(c) to the left and angle of inclination of
height, (d) increase
the pendulum with the vertical is
v 1 is velocity just before striking to the a
ground. sin1 −   Ans. (b)
g
For case (1), ball dropped from the 10m As the three forces are represented by
(d) to the left and angle of inclination of three sides of a triangle taken in order,
height and strikes to the ground.
the pendulum with the vertical is then they will be in equilibrium.
tan−1  
Now, the velocity of the ball just before g
P
striking to the ground is a
v 1 = − 2gh
Ans. (b)
⇒ v 1 = − 2(10)(10) As the truck move to the right, so the
⇒ v 1 = − 10 2 m/s bob will move to the left due to inertia of
For case (2), ball rebounds to the same rest with acceleration a.
height. Thus, the given situation can be drawn R Q
The velocity with which the ball just as
⇒Fnet = FPQ + FQR + FRP = 0
reaches to the same height,
ma θ dv dv
v 2 = 2gh a ⇒ Fnet = m × a = m = 0 ⇒ = 0
θ dt dt
⇒ v 2 = 2(10)(10) mg or v = constant
⇒ v 2 = 10 2 m/s So, the velocity of particle remain
(a) (b)
constant.
Laws of Motion 29

04 A rigid ball of mass m strikes a rigid Ans. (c)

wall at 60° and gets reflected The area underF- t graph gives change in
momentum. a
without loss of speed as shown in B
the figure. The value of impulse 1
For 0 to 2 s, ∆ p1 = × 2 × 6
imparted by the wall on the ball will 2 m′ g
be [NEET 2016] = 6 kg - m/s So, mass removed = m − m′
m For 2 to 4 s, ∆ p2 = 2 × − 3 = − 6 kg - m/s  (g − a) 
⇒ m 1 − 
v For 4 to 8 s, ∆ p3 = 4 × 3 = 12 kg - m/s  (g + a) 
So, total change in momentum for 0 to 8 s  (g + a) − (g − a) 
60° =m  
∆ pnet = ∆ p1 + ∆ p2 + ∆ p3  (g + a) 
60°
= (+ 6 − 6 + 12) g +a − g +a  2ma
⇒ m  ⇒ ∆m = g + a
v = 12 kg - m /s= 12 N-s g+a
 
NOTE
Graphs on negative axis gives − ve
(a) mv (b) 2mv (c) mv /2 (d) mv /3 momentum. 08 An explosion breaks a rock into
Ans. (a) three parts in a horizontal plane.
As we know that, impulse is imparted 07 A balloon with mass m is Two of them go off at right angles
due to change in perpendicular descending down with an to each other. The first part of
components of momentum of ball. acceleration a (where, a < g). How mass 1 kg moves with a speed of 12
J = ∆p = mv f − mv i much mass should be removed ms −1 and the second part of mass
= mv cos60 °− (− mv cos60 ° ) from it so that it starts moving up 2 kg moves with 8 ms −1 speed. If
1
= 2mv cos 60 ° = 2mv × = mv with an acceleration a? the third part flies off with 4 ms −1
2 [CBSE AIPMT 2014] speed, then its mass is [NEET 2013]
2ma 2ma ma ma
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 3 kg (b) 5 kg
05 A bullet of mass 10 g moving g+a g −a g+a g −a
(c) 7 kg (d)17 kg
horizontal with a velocity of 400 m/s
Ans. (a) Ans. (b)
strikes a wood block of mass 2 kg
When, the balloon is descending down Concept Momentum is conserved
which is suspended by light with acceleration a before and after collision.
inextensible string of length 5 m. As B
result, the centre of gravity of the We have, p1 + p2 + p3 = 0 [Qp = mv]
block found to rise a vertical ∴ 1 × 12 i + 2 × 8 j + p3 = 0
distance of 10 cm. The speed of the ⇒ 12 $i + 16$j + p = 0
3
bullet after it emerges of a
⇒ p 3 = − (12 i + 16 j)
horizontally from the block will be
mg ∴ p 3 = (12) 2 + (16) 2
[NEET 2016]
(a) 100 m/s (b) 80 m/s So, from free body diagram = 144 + 256
(c) 120 m/s (d) 160 m/s mg − B = m × a …(i)
= 20 kg-m/s
Ans. (c) [B → Buoyant force]
According to the law of conservation of Now, p 3 = m3 v3
Here, we should assume that while
momentum, pi = p f p 20
removing same mass the volume of ⇒ m3 = 3 = = 5 kg
4
⇒ (0.01) × 400 + 0 = 2v + (0.01) v ′ ...(i) balloon and hence,buoyant force will not v3
change.
Also velocity v of the block just after the
collision is Let the new mass of the balloon be m′. 09 Two spheres A and B of masses m 1
So, mass removed (m − m′) and m2 respectively collide. A is at
v = 2gh = 2 × 10 × 0.1= 2 ...(ii)
So, B − m′ g = m′ × a …(ii) rest initially and B is moving with
⇒ From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), velocity v along x-axis. After
v′ ≈ 120 m/s v
mg − B = m × a collision, B has a velocity in a
2
06 The force F acting on a particle of B − m′g = m′ × a
direction perpendicular to the
mass m is indicated by the mg − m′g = ma + m′ a
original direction. The mass A
force-time graph shown below. (mg − ma) = m′ (g + a) moves after collision in the
The change in momentum of the ⇒ m (g − a) = m′ (g + a) direction [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
particle over the time interval m(g − a)
m′ = (a) same as that of B
from 0 to 8 s is [CBSE AIPMT 2014] g+a (b) opposite to that of B
(a) 24 N-s (b) 20 N-s (c) 12 N-s (d) 6 N-s
30 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

 1 a = 1ms−2 Given, m = 0.5 kg, v = 12 m/s, t = 0.25 s

(c) θ = tan−1   to the x-axis
 2 10 2 θ = 30 °
∴ m= [QF = ma]
−1  −1 1 2 × 0.5 × 12 sin 30 °
(d) θ = tan   to the x-axis Hence,F = = 24 N
2 0.25
= 10 2 kg
Ans. (c)
12 A 0.5 kg ball moving with a speed 13 A block of mass m is placed on a
Here, p i = m2 vi + m1 × 0
of 12 m/s strikes a hard wall at an smooth wedge of inclination θ. The
v$
p f = m2 j + m1 × v1 angle of 30° with the wall. It is whole system is accelerated
2 horizontally, so that the block does
reflected with the same speed and
Law of conservation of momentum at the same angle. If the ball is in not slip on the wedge. The force
pi = pf contact with the wall for 0.25 s, exerted by the wedge on the block
v (g is acceleration due to gravity)
m2 v$i = m2 $j + m1 × v1 the average force acting on the
2 will be
wall is [CBSE AIPMT 2006] [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
m m v
v1 = 2 v $i + 2 $j (a) mg cos θ (b) mg sinθ
m1 m1 2 mgsinθ
(c) mg (d)
y cos θ

30°
v/2
B Ans. (d)
v Let an acceleration to the wedge be
θ x
A (m1) given towards left, then the block (being
30°
B
(m2) rest A u in non-inertial frame) has a pseudo
(m1) acceleration to the right because of
From this equation, we can find which the block is not slipping
∴ mg sin θ = apseudo cos θ
tanθ = = , θ = tan−1   to the x-axis.
y 1 1 (a) 48 N (b) 24 N (c) 12 N (d) 96 N
x 2  2 mg sin θ
Ans. (b) ⇒ apseudo =
cos θ
The vectorOA represents the
10 A man of 50 kg mass is standing in momentum of the object before the
a gravity free space at a height of collision, and the vectorOB that after the 14 An object of mass 3 kg is at rest. If
10 m above the floor. He throws a collision. The vector AB represents the a force F = (6 t 2 $i + 4t $j) N is applied
change in momentum of the object ∆p.
stone of 0.5 kg mass downwards on the object, then the velocity of
with a speed 2 ms −1 . When the B
the object at t = 3 s is
stone reaches the floor, the [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
30°

distance of the man above the floor (a) 18 $i + 3$j (b) 18 $i + 6 $j

will be [CBSE AIPMT 2010] 60°
O (c) 3$i + 18 $j (d) 18 $i + 4 $j
(a) 9.9 m (b) 10.1 m (c) 10 m (d) 20 m 60°
Ans. (b) Ans. (b)
3 0°

As, mr = constant According to Newton’s 2nd law, force

applied on an object is equal to rate of
m1 r1 = m2 r2 A change of momentum.
mr 0.5 × 10
⇒ r2 = 1 1 = = 0.1 i.e. F=
dp
m2 50 As the magnitudes ofOA and OB are dt
equal, the components ofOA and OB dv
So, distance travelled by the man will be along the wall are equal and in the same or F=m …(i)
10 + 0.1 = 10.1 m direction, while those perpendicular to dt
the wall are equal and opposite. Thus, Given, m = 3 kg, t = 3 s,F = (6 t 2 $i + 4t $j) N
11 A body, under the action of a force the change in momentum is only due to
the change in direction of the Substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
F = 6$i − 8$j + 10 k$ , acquires an perpendicular components. dv
(6 t 2 $i + 4 t $j) = 3
acceleration of 1 ms −2 . The mass of Hence, dt
this body must be ∆p = OB sin 30 ° – (– OA sin 30 ° ) or
1 2$
dv = (6 t i + 4 t$j) dt
[CBSE AIPMT 2009] 3
= mv sin 30 ° – (–mv sin 30 ° )
(a) 2 10 kg (b) 10 kg Now, taking integration of both sides, we
= 2 mv sin 30 °
(c) 20 kg (d) 10 2 kg get
Its time rate will appear in the form of t 1

∫ dv = ∫ 0 3 (6t i + 4 tj ) dt
2$ $
Ans. (d) average force acting on the wall.
Here, F = 6$i − 8$j + 10k$ ∴ F × t = 2mv sin 30 ° or 1 t
2mv sin 30 ° v = ∫ (6t 2 $i + 4 t$j ) dt
|F | = 36 + 64 + 100 = 10 2 N F= 3 0
t
Laws of Motion 31

t =3s Equating the momentum of the system 60

but (given) or 0.6 v2 = 60 or v2 = = 100 m/s
1 3 along OA and OB to zero, we get 0.6
∴ v = ∫ (6 t i + 4 t j ) dt
2$ $
3 0 m × 30 − 3 m × v cosθ = 0 ...(i) As v2 is positive, therefore the other
part will move upwards with a velocity of
and m × 30 − 3 m × v sinθ = 0
3
1 6 t $ 4 t $ 
3 2 ...(ii)
100 m/s.
or v=  i+ j
3 3 2 0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
3 mv cos θ = 3 mv sin θ or cos θ = sin θ
18 A ball of mass 3 kg moving with a
1 speed of 100 m/s, strikes a wall at
or v = [2(3) 3 $i + 2(3) 2 $j ] ∴ θ = 45°
3
Thus, ∠AOC = ∠BOC an angle 60° (as shown in figure).
1 The ball rebounds at the same
or v = [54$i + 18$j ] = 180 ° − 45° = 135°
3 speed and remains in contact with
or v = 18$i + 6$j Putting the value ofθ in Eq. (i), we get
the wall for 0.2 s, the force exerted
3 mv
30 m = 3 mv cos 45° = by the ball on the wall is
15 A player takes 0.1 s in catching a 2 [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
ball of mass 150 g moving with ∴ v = 10 2 m/s
velocity of 20 m/s. The force The third piece will go with a velocity of
10 2 m/s in a direction making an angle
imparted by the ball on the hands 60°
of 135° with either piece.
of the player is [CBSE AIPMT 2001] Alternative
(a) 0.3 N (b) 3 N (c) 30 N (d) 300 N
The square of momentum of third piece
Ans. (c) 60°
is equal to sum of squares of momentum
Force imparted = rate of change of first and second pieces.
momentum p2 = p12 + p22
∆p p − p2 m(v1 − v2 ) 3
p = p12 + p22 (a) 1500 3 N (b) 1500 N
F= or F = 1 or F = or
∆t ∆t ∆t
3
(c) 300 3 N (d) 300 N
or 3 mv3 = (m × 30) 2 + (m × 30) 2
Here, mass of body m = 150 g = 0.150 kg, Ans. (a)
v1 = 20 m/s, or v3 =
30 2
= 10 2 m/s Concept Apply 2nd law of motion i.e.,
v2 = 0 3 rate of change of momentum is equal to
force applied.
Time taken, ∆t = 0.1 s
17 A particle of mass 1 kg is thrown The vectorOA represents the
0.150 × (20 − 0) momentum of the wall, before the
∴ F= = 30 N vertically upwards with speed
0.1 100 m/s. After 5 s, it explodes into collision and the vectorOB that after the
collision. The vector AB represents the
two parts. One part of mass 400 g change in momentum of the ball ∆P.
16 1 kg body explodes into three comes back with speed 25 m/s, what
fragments. The ratio of their As, the magnitude ofOA and OB are
is the speed of other part just after equal the components ofOA and AB
masses is 1 : 1 : 3. The fragments of explosion? [CBSE AIPMT 2000] along the wall are equal and in the same
same mass move perpendicular to (a) 100 m/s upwards direction, while those perpendicular to
each other with speeds 30 m/s, (b) 600 m/s upwards the wall are equal and opposite. Thus,
while the heavier part remains in (c) 100 m/s downwards the change in momentum is only due to
the initial direction. The speed of (d) 300 m/s upwards the change in direction of the
perpendicular components.
heavier part is [CBSE AIPMT 2001] Ans. (a)
10 A
(a) m/s (b) 10 2 m/s According to 1st equation of motion,
2 velocity of particle after 5 s
60°
(c) 20 2 m/s (d) 30 2 m/s v = u − gt 60°
Ans. (b) v = 100 − 10 × 5 O
Concept Apply conservation of = 100 − 50 = 50 m/s (upwards) 60°
momentum with direction.
Applying conservation of linear
Let u be the velocity andθ the direction B
momentum gives
of the third piece as shown. Mv = m1 v1 + m2 v2 …(i) Hence, ∆P = OA sin60 ° − (− OB sin 60 ° )
Taking upward direction positive, the = mv sin 60 ° + mv sin 60 °
m B velocity v1 will be negative.
3
∴ v1 = − 25 m/s, v = 50 m/s = 2 mv sin 60 ° = 2 × 3 × 100 ×
2
Also, M = 1 kg, m1 = 400 g = 0.4 kg
θ A = 300 3 kg-m/s
and m2 = (M − m1 ) = 1 − 0.4 = 0.6 kg
O m
Thus, Eq. (i) becomes, The force exerted on the wall
C 1 × 50 = 0.4 × (− 25) + 0.6 v2 ∆P 300 3
3m F= = = 1500 3 N
or 50 = − 10 + 0.6 v2 ∆t 02
.
32 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

19 The force on a rocket moving with becomes zero as soon as it leaves multiplying mass of the body and the
the barrel. What is the average acceleration produced in it.
a velocity 300 m/s is 210 N. The
rate of consumption of fuel of impulse imparted to the bullet? or force F = ma
rocket is [CBSE AIPMT 1999] [CBSE AIPMT 1998] Here, F = 10 N
(a) 8 N-s (b) Zero F 10
(a) 0.7 kg/s (b) 1.4 kg/s a = 1m / s2 ⇒ ∴ m = = = 10 kg
(c) 0.9 N-s (d) 1.8 N-s a 1
(c) 0.07 kg/s (d) 10.7 kg/s
Ans. (c)
Ans. (a) 23 A ball of mass 150 g moving with an
Concept To calculate impulse first of all
Concept Whenever there is change in
calculate the time during which force acceleration 20 m/s2 is hit by a
dm
the mass w.r.t. time, applyF = − v becomes zero. force, which acts on it for 0.1 s. The
dt
We have given, impulsive force is
Thrust force on the rocket F = 600 − 2 × 10 5 t [CBSE AIPMT 1996]

Ft = vr  −
dm  When, bullet leaves the barrel, the force (a) 0.5 N-s (b) 0.1 N-s
 (upwards)
 dt  on the bullet becomes zero. (c) 0.3 N-s (d) 1.2 N-s
600
Rate of combustion of fuel So, 600 − 2 × 10 5 t = 0 ⇒ t = Ans. (c)
dm Ft 2 × 10 5 Impulse of a force, which is the product
− =
dt v r = 3 × 10 −3 s of average force during impact and the
time for, which the impact lasts is
Given, Ft = 210 N Then, average impulse imparted to the
measured by the total change in linear
bullet
vr = 300 m/s momentum produced during the impact.
t
dm 210 I = ∫ Fdt Impulse I = Fav × t = p 2 − p 1
∴ − = = 0.7 kg/s 0
dt 300 −3 150
=∫
3 × 10
(600 − 2 × 10 5 t) dt Here, Mass = 150 g = kg
0 1000
20 A 5000 kg rocket is set for vertical 150
 2 × 10 5 t 2 
3 × 10 –3
∴ F= × 20 = 3 N
firing. The exhaust speed is = 600 t − 1000

800 ms −1 . To give an initial upward  2 0 ∴ I = F ⋅∆t = 3 × 0.1 = 0.3 N-s
acceleration of 20 m/s 2 , the = 600 × 3 × 10 −3 − 10 5 × (3 × 10 −3 ) 2
amount of gas ejected per second 24 If the force on a rocket moving with
= 1.8 − 0.9 = 0.9 N-s
to supply the needed thrust will be a velocity of 300 m/s is 345 N, then
Alternative
(g = 10 ms −2 ) [CBSE AIPMT 1998] the rate of combustion of the fuel
(a) 127.5kg s –1
(b) 187.5kg s –1 As obtained in previous method, the is [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
(c) 185.5kg s–1 (d) 137.5kg s–1 time taken by bullet when it leaves the (a) 0.55 kg/s (b) 0.75 kg/s
barrel (c) 1.15 kg/s (d) 2.25 kg/s
Ans. (b)
t = 3 × 10 −3 s
Thrust force on the rocket Ans. (c)
Let F1 and F2 denote the forces at the Thrust on the rocket is the force with
Ft = vr  −
dm 
 (upwards) time of firing of bullets i.e. at t = 0 and at which the rocket moves upwards. Thrust
 dt 
the time of leaving the bullet i.e. at dm
on rocket at timet is given by F = − u
Weight of the rocket t = 3 × 10 −3 s. dt
w = mg (downwards) F1 = 600 − 2 × 10 5 × 0 = 600 N The negative sign indicates that thrust
Net force on the rocket F2 = 600 − 2 × 10 5 × 3 × 10 −3 = 0 on the rocket is in a direction opposite to
Fnet = Ft − w Mean value of force the direction of escaping gases.
−dm 
⇒ ma = vr   − mg
1
F = (F1 + F2 ) =
600 + 0
= 300 N
Here, velocity of the rocket u = 300 m/s
 dt  2 2 and force F = 345 N
⇒  −dm  = m (g + a) Thus, impulse = F × t ∴ Rate of combustion of fuel
 
 dt 
− 
vr
= 300 × 3 × 10 −3 = 0.9 N - s dm  F 345
= = = 1.15 kg/s
∴ Rate of gas ejected per second  dt  u 300
5000 (10 + 20) 5000 × 30 22 A 10 N force is applied on a body
= =
800 800 produces an acceleration of 25 A satellite in a force free space
= 187.5 kg s –1 1 m /s2 . The mass of the body is sweeps stationary interplanetary
dust at a rate.   = αv. The
[CBSE AIPMT 1996] dM
21 A bullet is fired from a gun. The (a) 5 kg (b) 10 kg  dt 
force on the bullet is given by (c) 15 kg (d) 20 kg acceleration of satellite is
F = 600 − 2 × 10 5 t Ans. (b) [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
where, F is in newton and t in According to second law of motion, 2αv2 αv2 αv2
(a) − (b) − (c) − (d) − αv2
second. The force on the bullet magnitude of force can be calculated by M M 2M
Laws of Motion 33

Ans. (b) 28 A 600 kg rocket is set for a vertical From the above free body diagram, the
relation for acceleration of the given
Thrust on the satellite is the force with firing. If the exhaust speed is 1000
system can be given as
which the satellite moves upwards in ms −1 , the mass of the gas ejected
space. It is given by  m − m1 
per second to supply the thrust a= 2  ⋅g
dm
F =− u needed to overcome the weight of  m1 + m2 
dt
rocket is [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
 6 − 4 g
Here, initial velocity (a) 117.6kg s−1 (b) 58.6kg s−1 =  ×g=
u = v, rate of change of mass (c) 6kg s−1 (d) 76.4kg s−1  4 + 6 5
dm Hence, correct option is (b).
= αv Ans. (c)
dt Thrust on the rocket is the force with
As we know that, which the rocket moves upwards.
30 A block of mass m is placed on a
dm Thrust on the rocket at timet is given by
smooth inclined wedge ABC of
F = −v = − v (αv) = − αv2 inclination θ as shown in the figure.
dt dm
F =−u The wedge is given an acceleration
F αv2 dt
Acceleration = = − a towards the right. The relation
M M where, u is relative velocity of exhaust
dm
between a and θ for the block to
gases with respect to the rocket. is remain stationary on the wedge is
26 Physical independence of force is a dt
[NEET 2018]
consequence of [CBSE AIPMT 1991] rate of combustion of fuel at that instant.
(a) third law of motion A
dm dm mg m
(b) second law of motion ∴ F =−u = mg ⇒ − =
dt dt u
(c) first law of motion
(d) All of these Here, m = 600 kg, u = 1000 ms−1 a
dm 600 × 10 q
Ans. (c) ∴ − = = 6 kg s−1 C B
dt 1000
According to Newton’s first law of g
motion, a body continues to be in a state (a) a = g cos θ (b) a =
of rest or of uniform motion, unless it is TOPIC 2 sinθ
g
acted upon by an external force to (c) a = (d) a = g tanθ
change the state. Hence, Newton’s first Equilibrium of a Particle and cosec θ
law of motion is related to physical Common Forces in Mechanics Ans. (d)
independence of force.
According to the question, the FBD of
27 A particle of mass m is moving with 29 Two bodies of mass 4 kg and 6 kg the given condition will be
a uniform velocity v 1 . It is given an are tied to the ends of a massless A
string. The string passes over a R cosq
impulse such that its velocity R
becomes v2 . The impulse is equal pulley which is frictionless q
to [CBSE AIPMT 1990] (see figure). The acceleration of the ma R sinq
1 system in terms of acceleration (Pseudo
(a) m [| v2 | − | v1 |] (b) m (v22 − v12 ) force)
q
2 due to gravity g is mg q a
(c) m (v1 + v2 ) (d) m (v2 − v1 ) [NEET (Sep.) 2020] B C
Ans. (d)
Since, the wedge is accelerating towards
Concept Impulse of a force can be
right witha, thus a pseudo force acts in
calculated as the product of large force
the left direction in order to keep the
applied to the small time to which force
4 kg block stationary. As, the system is in
act.
equilibrium.
dp 6 kg
i.e. F= ∴ ΣFx = 0
dt
(a) g/2 (b) g/5 (c) g/10 (d) g or ΣFy = 0
⇒ F ⋅dt = dp ⇒ R sinθ = ma
Ans. (b)
⇒ impulse = p 2 = p1 or mg sinθ = ma …(i)
Given, m1 = 4 kg, m2 = 6 kg and a = ?
Impulse of a force, which is the product Similarly, R cosθ = mg
of average force during impact and the a or mg cosθ = mg …(ii)
time for which the impact lasts, is
measured by the total change in linear Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq (ii), we get
momentum produced during the impact. 4 kg mg sin θ ma
=
Here, p 1 = mv1 , p 2 = mv2 mg cos θ mg
m1 g a
6 kg a
Impulse, I = mv2 − mv1 = m ( v2 − v1 ) ⇒ tanθ =
m2g g
34 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

or a = g tanθ 32 Three blocks A, B and C of masses 4 34 The mass of a lift is 2000 kg. When
∴The relation betweena and g for the the tension in the supporting cable
block to remain stationary on the wedge
kg, 2 kg and 1 kg respectively, are in
contact on a frictionless surface, is 28000 N, then its acceleration is
is a = g tanθ.
[CBSE AIPMT 2009]
as shown. If a force of 14 N is
applied on the 4 kg block, then the (a) 30 ms−2 downwards
31 Two blocks A and B of masses 3m
(b) 4 ms−2 upwards
and m respectively are connected contact force between A and B is
(c) 4 ms−2 downwards
by a massless and inextensible [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
(d) 14 ms−2 upwards
string. The whole system is
A Ans. (b)
suspended by a massless spring as B C
Here, lift is accelerating upward at the
shown in figure. The magnitudes of rate of a.
acceleration of A and B (a) 2 N (b) 6 N (c) 8 N (d) 18 N
immediately after the string is cut, Ans. (b)
R
are respectively [NEET 2017] Given, mA = 4 kg a
mB = 2 kg ⇒ mC = 1 kg
a
A 3m mg
F
B m A B C
Hence, equation of motion is
g g g g written as
(a) g, (b) , g (c) g, g (d) ,
So, total mass (M) = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 kg
3 3 3 3 R − mg = ma
Now, F = Ma ⇒ 14 = 7a ⇒a = 2 m/s 2
Ans. (b) 28000 − 20000 = 2000a
Initially system, is in equilibrium with a FBDof block A, [Qg = 10 ms −2 ]
a
total weight of 4mg over spring. 8000
F F′
⇒ a= = 4ms−2 upwards
4 kg 2000
kx
35 Three forces acting on a body are
(3m+m) F − F ′ = 4a
shown in the figure. To have the
A 3m ⇒ F ′ = 14 − 4 × 2 ⇒ F ′ = 6 N
Cutting resultant force only along the
4 mg plane y-direction, the magnitude of the
B m 33 A person of mass 60 kg is inside a
lift of mass 940 kg and presses the minimum additional force needed
∴ kx = 4mg
button on control panel. The lift is [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
When string is cut at the location as y
shown above. starts moving upwards with an 1N
Free body diagram for m is m acceleration 1.0 m/s 2 . Ifg = 10m / s2 , 4N
the tension in the supporting 30°
So,force on mass m = mg
mg cable is [CBSE AIPMT 2011] 60°
∴ Acceleration of mass, m = g x
(a) 9680 N (b) 11000 N
For mass 3m; free body diagram is (c) 1200 N (d) 8600 N
30°
kx=4mg Ans. (b) 2N
Total mass (m) 3
(a) 0.5 N (b) 1.5 N (c) N (d) 3 N
a 3m
= Mass of lift + Mass of person 4
= 940 + 60 = 1000 kg Ans. (a)
So, from the free body diagram y 4 cos 30° + 1 sin 60°
3 mg
T − mg = ma 1N
If a = acceleration of block of mass 4N
3m, then a = 1 m/s2 30°
Fnet = 4mg − 3mg 60°
g x' x
⇒ 3m⋅a A = mg or a A = m = 1000 kg
3 1 cos 60° + 2 sin 30°
30°
So, accelerations for blocks A and B are 2N
mg
g
aA = and a B = g y'
3 Hence, T − 1000 × 10 = 1000 × 1
T = 11000 N
Laws of Motion 35

Breaking all the forces in x-y axis. Taking, T = 250 N 39 Two masses M 1 = 5 kg,M2 = 10 kg
otal force along (+ x) axis 250 − 20 × 10 50
Hence, a = = are connected at the ends of an
= (1 cos60 ° + 2 sin30 ° ) 20 20
inextensible string passing over a
along (−x) axis = (4 sin30 ° ) along (+ y) = 2 .5 m/s 2
frictionless pulley as shown. When
axis = (4 cos30 ° + 1 sin60 ° ) along (−y) masses are released, then
axis = (2 cos30 ° ) 37 A man weighs 80 kg. He stands on
acceleration of masses will be
⇒ Net force along x-axis a weighing scale in a lift which is [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
= − (1 cos60 ° + 2 sin30 ° ) + 4 sin30 ° moving upwards with a uniform
acceleration of 5 m / s2. What
⇒ −  + 2 ×  + 4 ×
1 1 1
2 2 2 would be the reading on the scale?
−3 1
(Take g = 10 m / s2 )
⇒ + 2= + M1
[CBSE AIPMT 2003]
2 2
(a) 800 N (b) 1200 N M2
Net force along y-axis (c) Zero (d) 400 N
g g g
= 4 cos30 ° + 1 sin60 ° − 2 cos30 ° (a) g (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (b) 2 3 4
3 3 3 5 3 2 3 Mass of man M = 80 kg
⇒ 4× + −2× = − Ans. (c)
2 2 2 2 2
Acceleration of lift,a = 5 m/s 2 Concept In the case of masses hanging
3 3
= When, lift is moving upwards, the reading from a pulley by a string, the tension in
2 of weighing scale will be equal to R. whole string is same, say equal to T.
To have, resultant only in y-axis we must
1 g
have N force towards +x-axis, so that
2
it can compensate the net force of −x axis.
R a T T
36 A monkey of mass 20 kg is holding a a
M1
a vertical rope. The rope will not
break, when a mass of 25 kg is
M1g M2
suspended from it but will break, if
the mass exceeds 25 kg. What is M2g
the maximum acceleration with Mg
As M2 > M1 , so mass M2 moves down and
which the monkey can climb up The equation of motion gives mass M1 moves up with the same
along the rope? (Take g = 10 m / s2 ) R − Mg = Ma or acceleration a (say). The arrangement of
[CBSE AIPMT 2003] the motion is represented in the figure.
R = Mg + Ma = M (g + a)
(a) 25 m/s 2 (b) 2 .5 m/s 2 According to free body diagram of mass
∴ R = 80 (10 + 5) = 80 × 15 = 1200 N
(c) 5 m/s 2 (d) 10 m/s 2 M2 , is
Ans. (b) 38 A lift of mass 1000 kg is moving M2 g − T = M2 a …(i)
Maximum bearable tension in the rope upwards with an acceleration of 1 According to free body diagram of mass
T = 25 × 10 = 250 N m / s 2 . The tension developed in M1 , is
the string, which is connected to T − M1 g = M1a …(ii)
lift is (g = 9.8 m / s2 )
T Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
[CBSE AIPMT 2002]
(M2 g − T ) + (T − M1 g) = (M1 + M2 ) a
Monkey (a) 9800 N (b) 10800 N
(c) 11000 N (d) 10000 N (M2 − M1 ) g = (M1 + M2 ) a
a  M − M1 
Ans. (b) ⇒ a= 2 g
 M1 + M2 
When, lift move upwards
with same acceleration, T Given, M1 = 5 kg, M2 = 10 kg
mg then according to free
 10 − 5  5 g
body diagram of the left Hence,a =   g = g = m/s
2
a  5 + 10  15 3
T − mg = ma
From the figure, or T = m (g + a) Alternative
T − mg Given, mg Acceleration,
T − mg = ma or accelerationa = (F ) system (10 − 5) × g g
m m = 1000 kg, a = 1 m /s 2 , a = net = = m/s 2
Net mass 5 + 10 3
Given, mass m = 20 kg, g = 9.8 m /s 2
In a mass-pulley system, the tension
g = 10 m / s2 , Thus, T = 1000 (9.8 + 1) = 1000 × 10.8 in the string is always towards the pulley.
= 10800 N
36 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

Trolly
40 A mass of 1 kg is suspended by a 2π
For particle A,ωA =
10 kg TA
thread. It is
2π
1. lifted up with an acceleration For particle B,ωB =
TB
4.9 m/s 2 ,
ωA 2 π TB TB
2. lowered with an acceleration ∴ = × =
ωB TA 2 π TA
4.9 m/s 2 . 2 kg
1
The ratio of the tensions is Block = or 1 : 1 [QTA = TB (given)]
1
[CBSE AIPMT 1998] (a) 1.25 m/s 2 (b) 1.50 m/s 2
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1 (c) 1.66 m/s 2 (d) 1.00 m/s 2 43 A body of mass m is kept on a
Ans. (a) Ans. (a) rough horizontal surface (coefficient
(i) When, mass is lifted upwards with an The given situation is shown in the of friction = µ). Horizontal force is
acceleration a, then according to free following diagram. applied on the body, but it does not
body diagram a
move. The resultant of normal
T1 10 kg reaction and the frictional force
T
acting on the object is given F,
a
where F is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
T a (a) |F | = mg + µ mg
(b) |F | = µmg
mg (c) |F | ≤ mg 1 + µ 2
2 kg
T1 − mg = ma ⇒ T1 = mg + ma (d) |F | = mg
T1 = m(g + a) If ‘a’ be the acceleration of the system Ans. (c)
Substituting the values, we obtain then, equation of motion of 10 kg trolly, The situation can be drawn as
∴ T1 = (1) (9.8 + 49
. ) = 14.7 N T − µR = 10a F N
(ii) When, mass is lowered downwards ⇒ T − 0.05 × 10 g = 10a
with an acceleration a, then [Qµ = 0.05, R = 10 g]
f FH
mg − T2 = ma ⇒ T − 0.05 × 10 × 10 = 10a
⇒ T2 = mg − ma = m(g − a) ⇒ T − 5 = 10a … (i)
Substituting the values, we have Equation of motion of 2kg block,
mg
T2 2g − T = 2a
2 × 10 − T = 2a The frictional force,f = µN = µ mg
20 − T = 2a … (ii) [QN = mg]
a
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have From Free body diagram (FBD), the
20 − 5 = 12a resultant force is
mg ⇒ 15 = 12a |F | = N 2 + f 2
15 5
T2 = (1) (9.8 − 49
. ) = 49
. N ⇒ a = = = 125 . ms− 2
12 4 = (mg) 2 + (µmg) 2
Then, ratio of tensions
= mg 1 + µ 2
T1 14.7 3 42 Two particles A and B are moving in
= = ⇒ T1 :T2 = 3 : 1
T2 49
. 1 uniform circular motion in concentric This is the minimum force required to move
circles of radii rA and rB with speed the object. But as the body is not moving
v A and v B respectively. Their time ∴ |F | ≤ mg 1 − µ 2
TOPIC 3
period of rotation is the same. The
Friction ratio of angular speed of A to that 44 Which one of the following
of B will be [NEET (National) 2019] statements is incorrect?
41 Calculate the acceleration of the (a) v A :v B (b) rB : rA (c) 1 : 1 (d) rA: rB [NEET 2018]
block and trolly system shown in Ans. (c)
(a) Frictional force opposes the relative
the figure. The coefficient of motion
The angular speed of a particle in a (b) Limiting value of static friction is
kinetic friction between the trolly uniform circular motion is given by directly proportional to normal
and the surface is 0.05. (g = 10 angle of circle
ω= reaction
m/s 2 , mass of the string is Time (c) Rolling friction is smaller than sliding
negligible and no other friction 2π friction
ω = , whereT is the time period
exists). [NEET (Oct.) 2020] T (d) Coefficient of sliding friction has
of rotation dimensions of length
Laws of Motion 37

Ans. (d) From Eq. (ii), T = m2 (g − a) 47 A system consists of three masses

The opposing force that comes into play  (m − µ k m1 )  m 1 , m2 and m3 connected by a
when one body is actually sliding over = m2  1 − 2 g
m1 + m2  string passing over a pulley P. The
the surface of the other body is called 
m m (1 + µ k )
mass m 1 hangs freely and m2 and
sliding friction.
T= 1 2 g m3 are on a rough horizontal table
The coefficient of sliding is given as m1 + m2
N (the coefficient of friction = µ). The
µS =
Fsliding pulley is frictionless and of
46 A plank with a box on it at one end negligible mass. The downward
where,N is the normal reaction andFsliding is gradually raised about the other acceleration of mass m 1 is (Assume,
is the sliding force. end. As the angle of inclination with m 1 = m2 = m3 = m)
As, the dimensions ofN and Fsliding are the horizontal reaches 30°, the box [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
same. Thus,µ S is a dimensionless starts to slip and slides 4.0 m down
quantity. P m2 m3
the plank in 4.0 s. The coefficients
Hence, statement(d) is incorrect.
of static and kinetic friction
45 A block A of mass m 1 rests on a between the box and the plank will
be, respectively [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
horizontal table. A light string
connected to it passes over a
frictionless pulley at the edge of m1
table and from its other end g (1 − gµ) 2 gµ
another block B of mass m2 is mg (a) (b)
9 3
suspended. The coefficient of θ g(1 − 2 µ) g (1 − 2 µ)
(c) (d)
kinetic friction between the block 3 2
and the table is µ k . When the block (a) 0.6 and 0.6 (b) 0.6 and 0.5
Ans. (c)
A is sliding on the table, the tension (c) 0.5 and 0.6 (d) 0.4 and 0.3
First of all consider the forces on the
in the string is [CBSE AIPMT 2015] Ans. (b) blocks
(m2 + µ k m1 )g (m 2 − µ k m 1 )g Given a plank with a box on its one end is a
(a) (b)
(m1 + m2 ) (m 1 + m 2 ) gradually raised about the end having
T1 2 T2 T3 3
m1 m 2 (1 + µ k ) g m1 m 2 (1 − µ k ) g angle of inclination is 30°, the box starts
(c) (d) to slip and slides down 4 m the plank in 4 m m
(m 1 + m 2 ) (m 1 + m 2 ) s as shown in figure.
µmg µmg
Ans. (c) a T1
FBDof block A, m 1
a
mg mg
T m1
θ For the Ist block, [Qm1 = m2 = m3 ]
fk
mg − T1 = m × a …(i)
T − m1a = fk …(i) The coefficient of static friction, Let us consider 2nd and 3rd block as a
FBDof block B, 1
µ s = tan30 ° = = 0.6 system.
T 3
So, T1 − 2µmg = 2m × a …(ii)
So, distance covered by a plank,
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii),
1
m2
s = ut + at 2 ⇒ mg − T1 = m × a
a 2
⇒ T1 − 2µmg = 2m × a
Here, u = 0 and a = g (sinθ − µ cos θ)
1 Addiing Eqs. (i) and (ii)
∴ 4= g (sin30 ° − µ k cos 30 ° ) (4) 2 g
m2 g 2 mg (1 − 2µ ) = 3m × a ⇒ a = (1 − 2µ )
1 3 3
m2 g − T = m2 a …(ii) ⇒ 0.5 = 10 × − µ K × 10 ×
2 2
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 48 Three blocks with masses m,2m
⇒ 5 3 µ K = 4.5
m2 g − m1a = m2 a + fk and 3m are connected by strings,
⇒ µ K = 0.51 as shown in the figure. After an
⇒ m2 g − m1a = m2 a + µ k m1 g
(m − µ k m1 ) g Thus, coefficient of kinetic friction upward force F is applied on block
⇒ a= 2 between the box and the plank is 0.51.
m1 + m2 m, the masses move upward at
constant speed v. What is the net
38 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

force on the block of mass 2m ? 50 A block of mass m is in contact i.e. µmg = ma

(g is the acceleration due to µmg = m   or t =
with the cart C as shown in the v v
or
gravity). [NEET 2013] figure. t µg

F v
52 The coefficient of static friction,
m
m
µ s , between block A of mass 2 kg
C
and the table as shown in the
2m
figure, is 0.2. What would be the
3m maximum mass value of block B, so
The coefficient of static friction that the two blocks do not move ?
(a) Zero (b) 2 mg between the block and the cart is The string and the pulley are
(c) 3 mg (d) 6 mg µ. The acceleration α of the cart assumed to be smooth and
Ans. (a) that will prevent the block from massless (g = 10 m/s 2 )
[CBSE AIPMT 2004]
Since, all the blocks are moving with falling satisfies [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
constant velocity and we know that, if mg g
(a) α > (b) α >
velocity is constant, acceleration of the µ µm
body becomes zero. Hence, the net g g
force on all the blocks will be zero. (c) α ≥ (d) α <
µ µ
49 The upper half of an inclined plane Ans. (c)
of inclination θ is perfectly smooth When, a cart moves with some (a) 2.0 kg (b) 4.0 kg
while lower half is rough. A block acceleration towards right, then a (c) 0.2 kg (d) 0.4 kg
pseudo force (mα) acts on block towards
starting from rest at the top of the left. This force (mα) is action force by a Ans. (d)
plane will again come to rest at the block on cart Let the mass of the block B be M.
bottom, if the coefficient of friction Fr = µ R
between the block and lower half
of the plane is given by [NEET 2013] Fs =
ma m R
1
(a) µ =
tan θ
2
(b) µ = mg
tan θ
Now, block will remain static w.r.t. cart, Mg
(c) µ = 2 tan θ if frictional force µR ≥ mg
(d) µ = tan θ In equilibrium,
⇒ µ mα ≥ mg [as R = mα]
Ans. (c) g T − Mg = 0 ⇒ T = Mg …(i)
⇒ α≥
Concept Net work done by the block in µ If blocks do not move, then
going from top to bottom of the inclined T = fs
plane, must be equal to the work done by
51 A block B is pushed momentarily where,fs = frictional force
frictional force.
along a horizontal surface with an = µ s R = µ s mg
initial velocity v. If µ is the ∴ T = µ s mg …(ii)
2 coefficient of sliding friction
R L/
Thus, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
between B and the surface, block B
Mg = µ s mg or M = µ s m
2
L/ in θ will come to rest after a time
mg
s
θ [CBSE AIPMT 2007] Given, µ s = 0.2, m = 2 kg
mg cos θ
θ ∴ M = 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 kg
mg v
The block may be stationary, when
53 A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a
L
rough horizontal surface having
mg sin θ⋅L = µ mg cosθ v gµ g v coefficient of friction µ = 0.5 . If a
2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
mg sin θ⋅L gµ v v g horizontal force of 100 N is applied
or µ= on it, then the acceleration of the
L
mg cos θ⋅ Ans. (a)
2 block will be (Takeg = 10 m/s 2 )
Block B will come to rest, if force applied
[CBSE AIPMT 2002]
sin θ to it will vanish due to frictional force
=2 = 2 tan θ (a) 15 m/s 2 (b) 10 m/s 2
cos θ acting between block B and surface, i.e.
frictional force = force applied
(c) 5 m/s 2 . m/s 2
(d) 05
µ = 2 tan θ
Laws of Motion 39

Ans. (c) NOTE (a) 0.80 (b) 0.75

Coefficient of kinetic friction between any (c) 0.25 (d) 0.33
Free body diagram of block is
N two surfaces in contact is equal to the
tangent of the angle of inclination between Ans. (b)
a
them. When, a plane is inclined to the
horizontal at an angleθ, which is greater
F
55 Consider, a car moving along a than the angle of repose, the body
f = mN
straight horizontal road with a placed on the inclined plane slides down
mg
with an accelerationa.
Y
speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient
of static friction between the tyres rce
)
and the road is 0.5, the shortest l fo
X R na
distance in which the car can be ctio
(fri B
From Newton’s second law along X-axis
stopped is (Take g = 10m / s2 ) f
ΣFx = ma [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
i.e. F − f = ma (a) 30 m (b) 40 m (c) 72 m (d) 20 m
mg sin θ θ
or F − µmg = ma
Ans. (b) mg cos θ
F − µmg θ mg
or a= When, static friction is present, then A C
m
acceleration of body is given bya = − µg
Given, F = 100 N,µ = 0.5, m = 10 kg, Here, initial velocity As, it is clear from figure
g = 10 m /s 2 5 R = mg cosθ …(i)
u = 72 km h−1 = 72 × = 20 m / s
Substituting, the values in the above 18 Net force on the body down the inclined
relation for acceleration of block, plane which means it is sliding
Final velocity v = 0
(100) − (0.5) (10) (10) downwards
a= = 5 m /s 2 ∴ a = − µg = − 0.5 × 10 = − 5 m / s2
(10) F = mg sinθ − f …(ii)
Now, from third equation of motion,
i.e. F = ma = mg sinθ − µR (f = µR)
i.e. v2 = u 2 + 2as
54 A block has been placed on an ∴ ma = mg sinθ − µ mg cosθ
v2 − u 2 0 − (20) 2
inclined plane with the slope angle s= = = 40 m = mg (sinθ − µ cosθ)
2a 2 × (− 5)
θ, block slides down the plane at Hence, a = g (sinθ − µ cosθ)
constant speed. The coefficient of ∴Time taken by body to slide down the
kinetic friction is equal to 56 A heavy uniform chain lies on
plane
[CBSE AIPMT 1993]
horizontal table top. If the coefficient
2s 2s
of friction between the chain and t1 = =
(a) sin θ (b) cos θ a g (sinθ − µ cosθ)
(c) g (d) tan θ the table surface is 0.25, then the
maximum friction of the length of When friction is absent, then time taken
Ans. (d) the chain that can hang over one to slide down the plane
Angle of repose or angle of sliding is edge of the table is 2s
defined as the minimum angle of t2 = ⇒ Q t 1 = 2t 2 (given)
[CBSE AIPMT 1991] g sinθ
inclination of a plane with the horizontal,
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 35% (d) 15%
such that a body placed on the plane just ∴ t 12 = 4t 22
begins to slide down. Ans. (a) 2s 2s × 4
or =
e) The force of friction should balance the g (sinθ − µ cosθ) g sinθ
f o rc
R
tio nal weight of chain hanging. If M is the mass
(fric f B of whole chain of lengthL and x is the or sinθ = 4 sinθ − 4µ cosθ
length of chain hanging to balance, then 3 3
or µ = tanθ = tan45°
M M 4 4
µ (L − x) g = xg
mg sin θ θ L L 3
∴ µ = = 0.75
mg cos θ or µ (L − x) = x 4
θ mg
µL 0.25 L
A C or x= = (As, µ = 0.25) TOPIC 4
AB is an inclined plane such that a body µ+1 125
.
placed on it just begins to slide down ∴
L x 1 1
x = or = = × 100 = 20%
Dynamics of Circular Motion
∠BAC = θ = angle of repose 5 L 5 5
In equilibrium,
57 Starting from rest, a body slides 58 A block of mass 10 kg is in contact
f = mg sinθ down a 45° inclined plane in twice against the inner wall of a hollow
and R = mg cosθ the time it takes to slide down the cylindrical drum of radius 1 m. The
f mg sinθ same distance in the absence of coefficient of friction between the
∴ = = tanθ block and the inner wall of the
R mg cosθ friction. The coefficient of friction
between the body and the inclined cylinder is 0.1. The minimum
i.e. µ = tanθ
plane is [CBSE AIPMT 1988] angular velocity needed for the
40 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

cylinder to keep the block mv 2 a = a c2 + a t2

(a)T (b)T +
stationary when the cylinder is l
mv 2 a = (8) 2 + (1) 2 = 65 ⇒ a ≈ 8 m/s 2
vertical and rotating about its axis, (c)T − (d) Zero
will be (g = 10 m/s 2 ) l
[NEET (National) 2019] Ans. (a) 61 A car is negotiating a curved road
10 Consider the string of length l connected of radius R. The road is banked at
(a) rad/s (b) 10 rad/s
2π to a particle as shown in the figure. angle θ. The coefficient of friction
(c) 10π rad/s (d) 10 rad/s peg particle between the tyres of the car and
Ans. (b) v the road is µ s . The maximum safe
l velocity on this road is [NEET 2016]
Given, mass of cylinder m = 10 kg,
Speed of the particle is v. As the particle  µ + tanθ 
radius of cylinder, r = 1 m (a) gR  s 
is in uniform circular motion, net force
coefficient of friction,µ = 0.1. on the particle must be equal to
 1 − µ s tanθ 
The given situation can be as shown in centripetal force which is provided by g  µ s + tanθ 
the figure given below. (b)  
the tension (T ). R  1 − µ s tanθ 
ω ∴ Net force = Centripetal force
g  µ s + tanθ 
mv 2 (c)  
⇒ =T R2  1 − µ s tanθ 
l
fl
 µ + tanθ 
mrω2 N 60 A uniform circular disc of radius 50 (d) gR 2  s 
 1 − µ s tanθ 
cm at rest is free to turn about an
mg
axis which is perpendicular to its Ans. (a)
plane and passes through its According to question, a car is
centre. It is subjected to a torque negotiating a curved road of radius R.
The road is banked at angleθ and the
From the above figure, it can be which produces a constant angular
coefficient of friction between the tyres
concluded that the block will be acceleration of 2.0 rad s −2 . Its net of car and the road isµ s .So, this given
stationary when the limiting friction (fl ) is acceleration in ms −2 at the end of situation can be drawn as shown in
equal to or greater than the downward 2.0 s is a approximately [NEET 2016] figure below.
force or weight of block, i.e. (a) 7.0 (b) 6.0 Ncosθ
fl ≥ mg …(i) (c) 3.0 (d) 8.0
Also, the magnitude of limiting friction θ
Ans. (d) Nsinθ
between two bodies is directly According to given question, a uniform Fl cosθ
proportional to the normal reaction (N) circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is θ
fl
between them, i.e. free to turn about an axis having fl sinθ
perpendicular to its plane and passes θ
fl ∝ N or fl = µ N …(ii)
through its centre. This situation can be mg
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get shown by the figure given below:
µN ≥ mg or µ( mrω2 ) ≥ mg Considering the case of vertical
[QN = mrω2 ] equilibrium
0.5m
g N cos θ = mg + fl sin θ
⇒ ω≥
rµ ⇒ mg = N cos θ − fl sin θ …(i)
Thus, the minimum angular velocity is Considering the case of horizontal
g 10 equilibrium,
ωmin = = = 10 rad/s
rµ 1 × 0.1 ∴ Angular acceleration,α = 2 rad s −2 mv 2
N sin θ + fl cos θ = …(ii)
(given) R
59 One end of the string of length l is Angular speed,ω = αt = 4 rad s −1 Divide eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
connected to a particle of mass m Q Centripetal acceleration,a c = ω2 r v 2 sin θ + µ s cos θ
= [fl ∝µ s ]
and the other end is connected to a = (4) 2 × 0.5 Rg cos θ − µ s sin θ
small peg on a smooth horizontal = 16 × 0.5
 sinθ + µ s cos θ 
table. If the particle moves in circle a c = 8 m/s 2 ⇒ v = Rg  
 cos θ − µ s sin θ 
with speed v, the net force on the Q Linear acceleration at the end of2s,
particle (directed towards center) will  tan θ + µ s 
a t = αr = 2 × 0.5 ⇒ a t = 1 m/s 2 ⇒ v = Rg  
be (T represents the tension in the  1 − µ s tan θ 
Therefore, the net acceleration at the
string) [NEET 2017]
end of 2.0 s is given by
Laws of Motion 41

62 A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a Ffrictional ≥ Fcentripetal Ans. (a)

banked curve of radius 90 m on a i.e. µ mg ≥ mω2 r When a vehicle goes round a curved
frictionless road. If the banking µg road, it requires some centripetal force.
≥ ω2
angle is 45°, the speed of the car is r While rounding the curve, the wheels of
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] the vehicle have a tendency to leave the
curved path and regain the straight line
(a) 20 ms −1 64 A ball of mass 0.25 kg attached to
path. Force of friction between the
(b) 30 ms −1 the end of a string of length 1.96 m
wheels and the road opposes this
(c) 5 ms −1 is moving in a horizontal circle. The tendency of the wheels. This force (of
(d) 10 ms −1 string will break if the tension is friction) therefore, acts towards the
Ans. (b) more than 25 N. What is the centre of the circular track and provides
The angle of banking maximum speed with which the the necessary centripetal force.
v2 ball can be moved ? If v is the velocity of the vehicle while
tanθ = [CBSE AIPMT 1998] rounding the curve, the centripetal force
rg mv2
(a) 14 m/s (b) 3 m/s required =
Given, θ = 45° (c) 3.92 m/s (d) 5 m/s r
Radius of banked curve road As, this force is provided only by the
Ans. (a) force of friction,
r = 90 m and g = 10 m/s 2 For a ball to move in horizontal circle, the
mv2
ball should satisfy the condition ≤ µmg ⇒ v2 ≤ µrg ⇒ v≤ µrg
v2 r
⇒ tan45° = Tension in the string = Centripetal force
90 × 10 ∴ vmax = µrg
Mv2
⇒ Tmax = max
v = 90 × 10 × tan45° R Here, radius of curved road r = 30 m,
T ⋅R coefficient of friction µ = 0.4
= 90 × 10 × 1 = 30 m/s ⇒ vmax = max ...(i)
M ∴ vmax = 0.4 × 30 × 9.8
Making substitution, we obtain
63 A gramophone record is revolving = 10.84 m/s
with an angular velocity ω. A coin is 25 × 196
.
vmax = = 196 = 14 m/s
placed at a distance r from the 0.25 66 Two racing cars of masses m and
In a vertical circle, the tension at the 4m are moving in circles of radii r
centre of the record. The static
highest point is zero and at lowest point is
coefficient of friction is µ. The coin maximum. and 2r respectively. If their speeds
will revolve with the record if are such that each makes a
[CBSE AIPMT 2010] 65 What will be the maximum speed complete circle in the same time,
ω2 of a car on a road turn of radius 30 then the ratio of the angular
(a) r = µgω 2
(b) r <
µg m, if the coefficient of friction speeds of the first to the second
µg µg between the tyres and the road is car is [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
(c) r ≤ (d) r ≥ 2
ω2 ω 0.4 ? (Take g = 9.8 m / s2 ) (a) 8 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
Ans. (c) [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
Ans. (d)
When the disc spins, the frictional force (a) 10.84 m/s As both cars take the same time to
between the gramophone record and (b) 9.84 m/s 2π
complete the circle and asω = ,
coin is µ mg. (c) 8.84 m/s t
The coin will revolve with record, if (d) 6.84 m/s therefore ratio of angular speeds of the
cars will be 1 : 1.