Arihant Master The NCERT Physics Volume 1

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Master The NCERT > PHYSICS (Vol-I ) CHAPTER 05 > Laws of Motion 101
Mastering NCERT 11 A rocket is going upwards with accelerated motion. A

man sitting in it feels his weight increased 5 times his
own weight. If the mass of the rocket including that
18 A body of mass 1 kg starting from origin with initial
velocity of 3$i + 4$j ms −1 . If a constant force of 2$i − 3$j
acts on it, find the coordinate of point it reaches in 3 s.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS of the man is 1. 0 × 10 4 kg, how much force is being (a) (18, −1. 5) (b) (9, 1.5)
applied by rocket engine? (Take, g = 10 ms −2 ). (c) (18, 1.5) (d) (9, −1. 5)
(a) 5 × 10 N4
(b) 5 × 10 N
5
19 A bullet of mass 0.04 kg moving with a speed of
TOPIC 1 ~ Newton’s First Law of Motion (c) 5 × 108 N (d) 2 × 104 N 90 ms −1 enters a heavy wooden block and stopped
12 A particle of mass m is moving in a straight line with after 3s. What is the average resistive force exerted by
1 According to Galileo’s experiment for a double inclined 5 If a running bus stops suddenly, our feet stop due to momentum p. Starting at time t = 0, a force F = kt the block on the bullet?
plane that are smooth, when a ball is released from rest friction, but the rest of the body continues to move acts in the same direction on the moving particle (a) 1 N (b) 1.2 N
forward due to during time interval T, so that its momentum changes (c) 2 N (d) 3 N
on one of the planes rolls down and climb up the other of
decreased slope, the final height of the ball is (a) momentum (b) force from p to 3 p. Here, k is a constant. The value of T is 20 Figure shows x-t and y-t diagrams of a particle
(c) inertia (d) impulse JEE Main 2019 moving in two-dimensions.
(a) less than the initial height
(b) more than the initial height 6 Suppose the earth suddenly stops attracting objects 2p p x (m) y (m)
(a) (b) 2
(c) equal to the initial height placed near surface. A person standing on the surface k k
(d) more or less than the initial height of the earth will 2k k 4
(c) (d) 2
2 Inertia is also called resistance to change. It means that, (a) remain standing (b) fly up p p 3
if the net external force is zero, then (c) sink into earth (d) Either (b) or (c) 2
2
(a) a body at rest continues to remain at rest 13 A force of 10 N acts on a body of mass 0.5 kg for 1
7 An astronaut accidentally gets separated out of his 0.25s starting from rest. What is its momentum now ? 1
(b) a body in motion continues to move with a uniform small spaceship accelerating in interstellar space at a
velocity JIPMER 2018 1s 2s 3s t (s) 1s 2s 3s t (s)
(c) a body in rest starts moving with uniform velocity
constant rate of 100 ms −2 . What is the acceleration (a) 0.25 N/s (b) 2.5 N/s (i) (ii)
(d) Both (a) and (b) of the astronaut, the instant after he is outside the (c) 0.5 N/s (d) 0.75 N/s
spaceship? (Assume that there are no nearby stars to If the particle has a mass of 500 g, find the force
3 Newton’s first law is based upon 14 A machine gun fires a bullet of mass 40 g with a
exert gravitational force on him) (direction and magnitude) acting on the particle.
(a) law of gravitation velocity of 1200 ms −1 . The man holding it can exert a
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 8 N along X -axis (b) 12 N along X -axis
(b) law of inertia given by Galileo maximum force of 144 N on the gun. How many
(c) ∞ (d) Data insufficient (c) 1 N along Y -axis (d) 3 N along Y -axis
(c) Both (a) and (b) bullets can be fired per second at the most?
(d) None of the above 8 A portion of a meteor moving at a constant rate of (a) Only one 21 A batsman hits back at ball straight in the direction of
4 When a car is stationary, there is no net force acting on 50 kmh −1 gets separated from its surface, when it (b) Three the bowler without changing its initial speed of
it. During pick-up, it accelerates. This happens due to enter earth’s atmosphere. Find the velocity of the (c) Can fire any number of bullets 12 ms −1 . If the mass of the ball is 0.15 kg, find the
(a) net external force portion of meteor at the instant after it gets (d) 144 × 48 impulse imparted to the ball. (Assume linear motion
(b) net internal force separated. 15 If a ball of mass 0.1 kg hits the ground from the of the ball)
(c) may be external or internal force (a) 100 kmh −1 (b) 50 kmh −1 height of 20m and bounce back to the same height, (a) 1.8 N-s (b) 3.6 N-s
(d) None of the above (c) 0 kmh −1 (d) 200 kmh −1 then find out the force exerted on the ball if the time (c) 3.6 N-m (d) 1.8 N-m
of impact is 0.04 s. (Take, g =10 m/s 2 ) JIPMER 2019 22 A mass of 10 kg is suspended by a rope of length 4 m,
(a) 100 ( + $j) N (b) 200 ( + $j) N from the ceiling. A force F is applied horizontally at
c) 100 ( − $j) N (c) 1000 ( $j ) N
the mid-point of the rope such that the top half of the
TOPIC 2~ Newton’s Second Law of Motion : 16 While launching a satellite of mass 10 4 kg, a force of
rope makes an angle of 45° with the vertical. Then, F
equals (Take, g =10 ms −2 and the rope to be
Momentum and Impulse 5 × 10 5 N is applied for 20s. The velocity attained by massless) JEE Main 2020
the satellite at the end of 20s, is (a) 75 N (b) 70 N (c) 100 N (d) 90 N
9 A smaller and a bigger iron balls are dropped 10 When a stone is rotated with uniform
(a) 4 km/s (b) 3 km/s
from a small height on a glass pane placed on a speed in horizontal plane by means (c) 1 km/s (d) 2 km/s
23 A gun applied a force F on a bullet which is given by
table. Only bigger ball breakes the glass pane, of a string, the magnitude of the . × 10 5 t ) N. The bullet emerges out with
F = (100 − 05
because momentum is fixed but its direction 17 The motion of a particle of mass m is described by
speed 400 m/s, then find out the impulse exerted till
(a) bigger ball transfers greater momentum than changes. A force is needed to cause y = ut + gt 2 . Find the force acting on the particle.
force on the bullet becomes zero. AIIMS 2019
smaller this change in momentum vector. (a) Zero (b) mg (a) 0.2 N-s (b) 0.3 N-s
(b) bigger ball transfers lesser momentum than This force is provided by (c) 2 mg (d) 3 mg (c) 0.1 N-s (d) 0.4 N-s
smaller (a) gravity
(c) bigger ball transfer equal momentum as (b) our hand through the string
smaller (c) Both gravity and our hand through the string
(d) None of the above (d) None of the above
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102 Master The NCERT > PHYSICS (Vol-I ) CHAPTER 05 > Laws of Motion 103
24 The force F acting on a particle of mass m is 25 The force-time ( F - t ) graph for linear motion of a 33 A trolley of mass 200 kg moves with a uniform speed of 36 There are four forces acting at a point P produced by
indicated by the force-time graph shown below. The body initially at rest is shown in figure. The segments 36 kmh −1 on a frictionless track. A child of mass 20 kg strings as shown in figure, which is at rest. The forces
change in momentum of the particle over the time shown are circular, the linear momentum gained in runs on the trolley from one end to the other (10 m F1 and F2 (in N) are
interval from 0 to 8s is CBSE AIPMT 2014 4 s is CBSE AIPMT 2012 away) with a speed of 4 ms −1 relative to the trolley in a
direction opposite to its motion and ultimately jumps
6
2 out of the trolley. With how much velocity has the
3 trolley moved from the time the child begins to run?
4 (a) 10.36 (b) 11.36
0
F(N)
0 2 6 8 (c) 12.36 (d) 14.40

2 4 6 8
–3 –2 34 Three concurrent coplanar forces 1 N, 2 N and 3 N
(a) 0.7, 2.1 (b) 4.1, 2.1 (c) 2.31, 1.0 (d) 3.0, 1.4
t(s) are acting along different directions on a body can
keep the body in equilibrium, if 37 Given figure is the part of a E
(a) 24 N-s (b) 20 N-s (a) 8 N-s (b) 4π N-s (a) 2 N and 3 N act at right angle horizontally stretched
(c) 12 N-s (d) 6 N-s (c) 2π N-s (d) 8π N-s (b) 1 N and 2 N act at acute angle structure. Section AB is D
(c) 1 N and 2 N act at right angle stretched with a force of
(d) Cannot be possible 10 N. The tension in the 120°
90° F
sections BC and BF , are
TOPIC 3~ Newton’s Third Law of Motion 35 Two forces F1 = 3 $i − 4 $j and F2 = 2 $i − 3 $j are acting
JEE Main 2014
G C
120°
B
120°
upon a body of mass 2 kg. Find the force F3 , which
(a) 10 N, 11 N A
when acts on the body will make it stable.
26 Every action has an equal and opposite reaction, 28 A book is lying on the table. What is the angle (b) 10 N, 6 N
(a) 5 i$ + 7$j (b) −5 i$ − 7$j
which suggests that between the action of the book on the table and (c) 10 N, 10 N
(a) action and reaction always act on different bodies reaction of the table on the book? (c) −5 i$ + 7 $j (d) 5 i$ − 7$j (d) Cannot be calculated due to insufficient data
(b) the forces of action and reaction cancel to each other (a) 0° (b) 30°
(c) the forces of action and reaction cannot cancel to each (c) 45° (d) 180°
other
(d) Both (a) and (c) 29 Twelve one-rupee coins are put on top of each other
on a table, where mass of each coin is 20g. The
TOPIC 5 ~ Common Forces in Mechanics (without Friction)
27 Recoiling of gun is an example of
reaction of the 7th coin (counted from bottom) on the
(a) Newton’s first law of motion
(b) Netwon’s second law of motion 8th coin is [take, g =10 m/s 2 ] 38 Three blocks A, B and C of masses 4 kg, 2 kg and 1 kg 40 If cabin is descending in vertical direction with
(c) Newton’s third law of motion (a) 2N (b) 1N respectively, are in contact on a frictionless surface, as acceleration a and reaction by mass M on the floor of
(d) law of conservation of angular momentum (c) 3 N (d) 4N shown in the figure. If a force of 14 N is applied on 9 Mg
cabin is , then a equals to
the 4 kg block, then the contact force between A and 10
Cabin
B is CBSE AIPMT 2015
A a
TOPIC 4 ~ Conservation of Momentum and B C
M
Equilibrium of Particle (a) 2 N (b) 6 N (c) 8 N (d) 18 N g
(a) g (b)
39 Three blocks with masses m, 2m and 3m are connected 10
30 In an isolated system, (i.e. a system with no external 32 An explosion breaks a rock into three parts in a 9 10
force) total momentum of interacting particles is horizontal plane. Two of them go off at right by strings, as shown in the figure.After an upward (c) g (d) g
force F is applied on block m, the masses move 10 9
conserved. It follows angles to each other. The first part of mass 1 kg
(a) Newton’s first law (b) Newton’s second law moves with a speed of 12 ms −1 and the second upward at constant speed v. What is the net force on 41 A mass M is hung with a light inextensible string as
the block of mass 2m? ( g is the acceleration due to shown in the figure. Find the tension of the horizontal
(c) Newton’s third law (d) Both (b) and (c) part of mass 2 kg moves with 8 ms −1 speed. If
gravity). NEET 2013 string. JIPMER 2019
31 A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1 kg horizontally from a the third part flies off with 4ms −1 speed, then v 30°
cliff of height 500 m. It falls on the ground at a its mass is CBSE AIPMT 2013 F
distance of 400 m from the bottom of the cliff. The (a) 3 kg
recoil velocity of the gun is (take, g = 10 ms −2 ) (b) 5 kg
m
O
(a) 0.2 ms −1 . (b) 0.4 ms −1 (c) 7 kg
2m
(c) 0.6 ms −1 (d) 0.8 ms −1 (d) 17 kg
M
3m
Mg
(a) Zero (b) 2 mg (c) 3 mg (d) 6 mg (a) 2 Mg (b) 3 Mg (c) 2 Mg (d) 3 Mg
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42 Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 10 kg connected by Assuming that both the masses start from rest, the 50 Two bodies A and B of masses 5 kg and 10 kg in 53 A block of mass 10 kg is kept on a rough inclined plane as
an inextensible string over a frictionless pulley, are distance travelled by 2 kg mass in 2 s is contact with each other rest on a table against a rigid shown in the figure. A force of 3 N is applied on the block.
moving as shown in the figure. The coefficient of (given, g =10 ms −2 ) partition. The coefficient of static friction between the plane and the
friction of horizontal surface is 0.15. The minimum 20 40 20 1 The coefficient of friction between the bodies and block is 0.6. What should be the minimum value of force
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m F , such that the block does not move downward?
weight m that should be put on top of m2 to stop the 9 9 3 3 the table is 0.15. A force of 200 N is applied
motion is JEE Main 2018 horizontally at A. (Take, g = 10ms −2 ) JEE Main 2019
45 Three equal weights A, B and C of mass 2 kg each are
hanging on a string over a fixed frictionless pulley as F
shown in the figure. The tension in the string
connecting weight B and C is (given, g = 98 . ms −2 ) 10
kg
F = 200 N
A B
f 3N 45°
What is the reaction of the partition? (a) 32 N (b) 25 N (c) 23 N (d) 18 N

(a) 170 N (b) 204 N
54 A box of mass 8 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane of
(a) 18.3 kg (b) 27.3 kg (c) 177.95 N (d) 174 N
A inclination 30°. Its downward motion can be prevented
(c) 43.3 kg (d) 10.3 kg B 51 A system consists of three masses m1 , m2 and m3 by applying a horizontal force F , then value of F for
43 A mass of 10 kg is suspended vertically by a rope connected by a string passing over a pulley P. The which friction between the block and the incline surface
C
from the roof. When a horizontal force is applied on mass m1 hangs freely and m2 & m3 are on a rough is minimum, is (take, g = 10 ms −2 ) JIPMER 2018
the mass, the rope deviated at an angle of 45° at the horizontal table (the coefficient of friction = µ). 80 40
roof point. If the suspended mass is at equilibrium, (a) zero (b) 9.8 N The pulley is frictionless and of negligible mass. (a) (b) 40 3 (c) (d) 80 3
the magnitude of the force applied is (Take, (c) 13.3 N (d) 19.6 N 3 3
The downward acceleration of mass m1 is
g = 10 ms −2 ) JEE Main 2019 46 A block of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined (assume, m1 = m2 = m3 = m) CBSE AIPMT 2014 55 A plank with a box on it at one end is gradually raised
(a) 70 N (b) 200 N (c) 100 N (d) 140 N wedge ABC of inclination θ as shown in the figure. about the other end. As the angle of inclination with the
The wedge is given an acceleration a towards the P horizontal reaches 30°, the box starts to slip and slides
44 Two masses m1 = 1 kg and m2 = 2 kg are connected m2 m3
right. The relation between a and θ for the block to 4.0 m down the plank in 4.0 s.
by a light inextensible string and suspended by means remain stationary on the wedge is NEET 2018 The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the
of a weightless pulley as shown in figure. A
m box and the plank will be, respectively
m1
(take, g =10 ms −2 ) CBSE AIPMT 2015
a g (1 − gµ ) 2 gµ
q (a) (b)
9 3
C B
g g (1 − 2µ ) g (1 − 2µ )
(c) (d) mg
(a) a = g cos θ (b) a = 3 2
sin θ θ
g 52 What is the acceleration of the block and the
1 kg m1 (c) a = (d) a = g tan θ trolley system as in figure, if the coefficient of (a) 0.6 and 0.6 (b) 0.6 and 0.5
m2 2 kg cosec θ (c) 0.5 and 0.6 (d) 0.4 and 0.3
kinetic friction between the trolley and the surface
is 0.04? What is the tension T in the string? (Take, 56 F1 and F2 are the minimum and maximum forces needed
TOPIC 6 ~ Friction g = 10 ms −2 , neglect the mass of the string) to keep a body on a rough inclined plane stationary. If θ
be the angle of inclination of the surface, so that
20 kg
47 If a box is lying in the compartment of an accelerating Find the maximum acceleration of the trolley, so that T tan θ = 2 µ. Find the ratio of F1 and F2 .
w
train and box is stationary relative to the train. What the box does not slide back on the trolley. fk (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
−2 −2 −2 −2 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
force cause the acceleration of the box? (a) 2 ms (b) 3 ms (c) 4 ms (d) 5 ms
(a) Frictional force in the direction of train
T 57 The upper half of an inclined plane of inclination θ is
49 A boy prevents fall of his book on the ground by 3 kg w
(b) Frictional force in the opposite direction of train perfectly smooth, while lower half is rough. A block
pressing it against a vertical wall. If weight of his starting from rest at the top of the plane will again come
(c) Force applied by air
book is 10 kg and µ s of the wall is 0.2. Find the 30 N
to rest at the bottom, if the coefficient of friction between
(d) None of the above
minimum force needed by him in his attempt. the block and lower half of the plane is given by
48 A trolley is carrying a box on its surface having (a) a = 0.96 ms −2 , T = 50 N
(given, g =10 ms −2 ) NEET 2013
coefficient of static friction equal to 0.3. Now the
(a) 300 N (b) 400 N (c) 500 N (d) 600 N (b) a = 0.42 ms −2 , T = 27.1 N 1 2
trolley starts moving with increasing acceleration. −2 (a) µ = (b) µ =
(c) a = 0.96 ms , T = 27.1 N tan θ tan θ
(d) a = 0.42 ms −2 , T = 42.6 N (c) µ = 2tan θ (d) µ = tan θ
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TOPIC 7 ~ Dynamics of Circular Motion SPECIAL TYPES QUESTIONS

58 A particle of mass 2 kg is moving on a circular path 63 A car is negotiating a curved road of radius R. The
of radius 10 m with a speed of 5 ms –1 and its speed is road is banked at an angle θ. The coefficient of I. Assertion and Reason 72 Assertion A seasoned cricketer allows a
longer time for his hands to stop the ball,
increasing at a rate of 3 ms –1 . Find the force acting on friction between the tyres of the car and the road is ■ Direction (Q. Nos. 66-74) In the following
µ s . The maximum safe velocity on this road is questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a while catching the ball. His hand is not hurt.
the particle.
NEET 2016 corresponding statement of Reason. Of the following Reason The novice (new player) keeps his
(a) 5 N (b) 10 N
statements, choose the correct one. hand fixed and tries to catch the ball almost
(c) 12 N (d) 14 N  µ + tan θ  g  µ s + tan θ 
(a) gR  s  (b)   (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and instantly. He needs to provide a much
59 A particle is moving on a circular path of 10 m radius.  1 − µ s tan θ  R  1 − µ s tan θ  Reason is the correct explanation of greater force to stop the ball instantly and
At any instant of time, its speed is 5 ms −1 and the Assertion. this hurts.
speed is increasing at a rate of 2 ms −2 . The magnitude g  µ s + tan θ   µ + tan θ  (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but
(c)   (d) gR 2  s  Reason is not the correct explanation of 73 Assertion Product of mass and velocity
of net acceleration at this instant is R 2  1 − µ s tan θ   1 − µ s tan θ  (i.e. momentum) is basic to the effect of force on motion.
Assertion.
(a) 5 ms −2 (b) 2 ms −2 64 A block kept on a rough inclined plane, as shown in (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. Reason Same force for same time causes the same change
(c) 3.2 ms −2 (d) 4.3 ms −2 the figure, remains at rest upto a maximum force 2 N (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. in momentum for different bodies.
down the inclined plane. The maximum external force 66 Assertion Aristotle stated that an external force 74 Assertion It is always necessary that external agency of
60 Two stones of masses m and 2m are whirled in up the inclined plane that does not move the block is
r is required to keep a body in motion. force is in contact with the object while applying force on
horizontal circles. The heavier one in a radius of 10 N. The coefficient of static friction between the object.
2 Reason Opposing forces are always present in
block and the plane is (Take, g =10 m / s2 ) the natural world. Reason A stone released from top of a building
and the lighter one in radius of r. The tangential speed
JEE Main 2019 accelerates downward due to gravitational pull of the earth.
of lighter stone is n times that of the value of heavier 67 Assertion A body is momentarily at rest but
stone, when they experience same centripetal forces. 0N still some force is acting on it at that time.
The value of n is CBSE AIPMT 2015
1 II. Statement Based Questions
Reason When a force acts on a body, it may not
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1 75 Consider the following statements.
have some acceleration.
61 When a car is moving along a circle on a level road I. When we beat a carpet with a stick, dust particles are
2N 68 Assertion At the microscopic level, all bodies
the centripetal force is provided by f , where f 30° removed.
are made up of charged constituents (like nuclei II. When we shake a mango tree, the mangoes fall down.
denotes as JEE Main 2014
2 3 and electrons) and various contact forces exist
mv2 (a) (b) III. When a vehicle suddenly stopped, the passengers tend to fall
(a) f < µ s N = 3 2
between them.
forward.
r
2 3 1 Reason These forces are due to elasticity of Which of the statements are correct for examples of inertia?
mv (c) (d)
(b) = f ≤ µ sN 4 2 bodies, molecular collisions and impacts, etc.
(a) Both I and II (b) Both II and III
r
65 A circular racetrack of radius 300 m is banked at an 69 Assertion If force is not parallel to the velocity (c) Both I and III (d) I, II and III
mv2
(c) f = µ s N = angle of 15°. If the coefficient of friction between the of the body, but makes some angle with it, it 76 To solve a problem in mechanics, we need to consider an
r changes the component of velocity along the
wheels of the race car and the road is 0.2. Find assembly of different bodies. In this assembly,
mv2 direction of force.
(d) f = µ k N = optimum speed of the race car to avoid wear and tear I. different bodies exert force on each other.
r Reason The component of velocity normal to
on its tyres and maximum permissible speed to avoid II. few selected body experiences force of gravity.
62 If a car is moving in uniform circular motion, then slipping. (Take g = 9.8 ms −2 and tan 15° = 027 . ) the force remains unchanged.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
what should be the value of velocity of a car ,so that (a) vo = 48 ms −1 , v max = 60 ms −1 70 Assertion If we consider system of two bodies
car will not move away from the circle? (a) Only I (b) Only II
. ms −1 , v max = 38.1ms −1
(b) vo = 281 A and B as a whole, F AB and FBA are internal (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) v < µ s Rg (b) v ≤ µ s Rg −1 −1 forces of the system ( A + B ). They add to give a
(c) vo = 62.2 ms , v max = 73.4 ms 77 In the figure, 8 kg and 6 kg are hanging
null force.
(c) v < µ k Rg (d) None of these (d) None of the above stationary from a rough pulley and are
Reason Internal forces in a body or a system of
about to move. They are stationary due to
particles cancel away in pairs.
roughness of the pulley. Which of the
71 Assertion Newton’s third law of motion is following statement(s) is/are correct?
applicable only when bodies are in motion. I. The force of friction on the rope is 20 N.
Reason Newton’s third law applies to all types II. The force of friction on the rope is 30 N. 6 kg
of forces, e.g. gravitational, electric or magnetic (a) Only I (b) Only II 8 kg
forces, etc. (c) Neither I nor II (d) None of these
Page 5
108 Master The NCERT > PHYSICS (Vol-I ) CHAPTER 05 > Laws of Motion
78 Study the following statements.

I. When stone is rotated at greater speed in circular path,
85 In the given figure below, a body A of mass m slides
on plane inclined at angle θ 1 to the horizontal and µ NCERT & NCERT Exemplar
greater force is required. is the coefficient of friction between A and the plane.
II. When stone is rotated in a circle of smaller radius, greater A is connected by a light string passing over a MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
force is required. frictionless pulley to another body B, also of mass m,
III. When stone is rotated at greater speed in a circle of sliding on a frictionless plane inclined at an angle θ 2 NCERT 94 Two masses 8 kg and 12 kg are connected at the
smaller radius, smaller force is required. to the horizontal. Which of the following two ends of a light inextensible string that goes
statement(s) is/are correct? 88 One end of a string of length l is connected to a particle
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? of mass m and the other to a small peg on a smooth over a frictionless pulley. Find the acceleration of
(a) Both I and II (b) Both II and IV horizontal table. If the particle moves in a circle with the masses and the tension in the string when the
(c) Both I and III (d) I, II and III A
speed v, the net force on the particle directed towards the masses are released.
m B
centre is (where, T is the tension in the string) (a) 2 ms −2 , 80 N (b) 2 ms −2 , 96 N
79 Suppose a light-weight vehicle (say, a small car) and a m
heavy weight vehicle (say, a loaded truck) are parked mv2 mv2 (c) 4 ms −2 , 100 N (d) 4 ms −2 , 110 N
θ1 θ2 (a) T (b) T − (c) T + (d) 0
on a horizontal road. Then, which of the following l l 95 Two billiard balls each of mass 0.05 kg moving in
statement is correct? 89 A constant retarding force of 50 N is applied to a body of opposite directions with speed 6 ms −1 collide and
(a) A will never move up the plane.
(a) Much greater force is needed to push the truck.
(b) A will just start moving up the plane, when mass 20 kg moving initially with a speed of 15 ms −1 . How rebound with the same speed. What is the impulse
(b) Equal force is needed to push the truck and car. long does the body take to reverse its velocity? imparted (in kg-ms −1 ) to each ball due to the
sin θ 2 + sin θ1
(c) No force is required to move the vehicles. µ= (a) 10 s (b) 11 s (c) 12 s (d) 13 s other?
cos θ1
(d) None of the above 90 A body of mass 5 kg is acted upon by two perpendicular (a) − 0.4 (b) − 0.6
80 If no external force acts on particle, then which of the (c) For A to move up the plane, θ 2 must always be forces 8 N and 6 N. Find the magnitude of the (c) − 0.8 (d) − 1.0
greater than θ1 .
following statement is incorrect about particle? acceleration of the body. 96 A batsman deflects a ball by an angle of 45°
(d) B will always slide down with constant speed.
(a) Particle may be at rest. (a) 4 ms −2 (b) 2 ms −2 without changing its initial speed which is equal to
(b) Particle moves with uniform velocity on linear path. (c) 6 ms −2 (d) None of these 54 kmh −1 . What is the impulse imparted to the
(c) Particle moves with uniform speed on circle. III. Matching Type
91 A rocket with a lift-off mass 20000 kg is blasted upwards ball?
(d) None of the above 86 Match the Column I (example) with Column II
with an initial acceleration of 5.0 ms −2 . Calculate the (Mass of the ball = 0.15 kg).
81 Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding (newton’s law) and select the correct answer from
the codes given below. initial thrust (force) of the blast. (a) 4.20 kg- ms –1 (b) 4.16 kg-ms –1
the Newton’s third law of motion?
(a) 2.96 × 105 N (b) 2.4 × 104 N (c) 2.58 kg-ms –1 (d) 4.58 kg-ms –1
(a) To every action, there is always an equal and opposite
reaction.
Column I Column II (c) 1.8 × 105 N (d) 3 × 108 N
97 A stone of mass 0.25 kg tied to the end of a string
(b) Action and reaction act on the same body. A. Soldier feels backward shock 1. Newton’s first law 92 A truck starts from rest and accelerates uniformly with is whirled round in a circle of radius 1.5 m with
(c) There is no cause-effect relation between action and while firing bullet
2 ms −2 . At t =10 s, a stone is dropped by a person speed 40 revmin −1 in a horizontal plane. What is
reaction. B. Passenger feels forward jerk 2. Newton’s second law standing on the top of the truck (6 m high from the
(d) Action and reaction forces are simultaneous. when bus stops all of sudden
the tension in the string ? What is the maximum
ground). What are the (i) velocity and (ii) acceleration of speed with which the stone can be whirled around,
82 Which of the following statement is incorrect, when a C. Bowler withdraw of hands 3. Newton’s third law the stone at t =11 s? if the string can withstand a maximum tension of
person walks on a rough surface? backward while taking catch (Neglect air resistance). 200 N?
(a) The frictional force exerted by the surface stops him from (a) 22.4 ms −1 and 9.8 ms −2 (b) 20 ms −1 and 4.8 ms −2 (a) 5 N, 32 ms −1 (b) 6.6 N, 34.6 ms −1
moving. A B C A B C
(a) 3 1 2 (b) 2 1 3 (c) 12.8 ms −1 and 9.8 ms −2 (d) 25 ms −1 and 10.2 ms −2 (c) 6.6 N, 42.8 ms −1 (d) 7 N, 24.8 ms −1
(b) The force which the person exerts on the floor keeps him
moving. (c) 1 2 3 (d) 3 2 1
93 Figure below shows the position-time graph of a particle 98 A horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space
(c) The reaction of the force which the person exerts on floor 87 Match the Column I (type of friction) with of mass 4 kg. What is the (i) force on the particle for because
keeps him moving. Column II (value of µ) and select the correct 0 < t < 4 s (ii) and impulse at t = 0 (consider one (a) it loses its energy in space
(d) None of the above answer from the codes given below. dimensional motion only)? (b) it does not set a reaction force there, which can help
83 Choose the correct statement. x (m) it go forward
Column I Column II
(a) Friction force is generated in pairs. (c) its body becomes very light there
(b) Centrifugal force is the reaction force of centripetal force. A. Static friction 1. µ is highest (d) None of the above
(c) Centrifugal force is a type of non-pseudo force. B. Rolling friction 2. µ is moderate
A
99 It is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it
(d) None of the above 3
C. Kinetic friction 3. µ is lowest because
84 Which one of the following statement is incorrect? 0 (a) pulling is more comfortable than pushing
(a) Frictional force opposes the relative motion. NEET 2018 A B C O 4 t (s) (b) one gets extra energy in pulling
(b) Limiting value of static friction is directly proportional to (a) 3 2 1 −1 −1 (c) pulling makes the lawn mower lights
normal reaction. (b) 1 2 3 (a) 0 N, 3 kg-ms (b) 0 N, 0.75 kg-ms
(d) pulling reduces friction of the surface
(c) Rolling friction is smaller than sliding friction. (c) 1 3 2 (c) 1 N, 2 kg-ms −1 (d) 2 N, 4 kg-ms −1
(d) Coefficient of sliding friction has dimensions of length. (d) 2 3 1
Page 6
100 Figure below shows the position-time graph of a 105 A block of mass 25 kg is raised by a 50 kg man in two 1 113 A cricket ball of mass 150 g has an initial velocity
108 A disc revolves with a speed of 33 revmin −1 and has
body of mass 0.04 kg. What is the magnitude (in different ways as shown in figure. What is the action on 3 u = (3$i + 4$j) ms −1 and a final velocity
kg-ms −1 ) of each impulse? the floor by the man in the two cases, respectively? a radius of 15 cm. Two coins A and B are placed at v = − (3$i + 4$j) ms −1 , after being hit. The change in
x (cm) 4 cm and 14 cm away from the centre of the record, momentum (final momentum − initial momentum) is
respectively. If the coefficient of friction between the (in kg-ms –1 )
A coins and the record is 0.15, which of the coins will
2 (a) zero (b) − ( 0.45$i + 0.6$j )
revolve with the record without slipping?
B (c) − ( 0.9 i$ + 12
. $j ) (d) − 5( i$ + $j )
(a) Coin A will revolve but B will not revolve
O
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 t (s) (b) Coin B will revolve but A will not revolve 114 Conservation of momentum in a collision between
(c) None of the coins will revolve particles can be understood from
(a) 6 × 10−4 (b) 8 × 10−4 (d) Both coins will revolve (a) conservation of energy
(c) 10 × 10−4 (d) 2 × 10−4 (b) Newton’s first law only
25 kg 109 You may have seen in a circus a motorcyclist driving in
25 kg (c) Newton’s second law only
101 Figure shows a man of mass 55 kg standing vertical loops inside a ‘death well’ (a hollow spherical
(d) Both Newton’s second and third laws
stationary with respect to a horizontal conveyor (i) (ii) chamber with holes, so the spectators can watch from
belt that is accelerating with 1 ms −2 . The net force (a) 750 N, 250 N (b) 250 N, 750 N outside). What is the minimum speed (is ms –1 ) 115 A hockey player is moving northward and suddenly
acting on the man is required at the uppermost position to perform a turns westward with the same speed to avoid an
(c) 450 N, 250 N (d) 250 N, 450 N
vertical loop, if the radius of the chamber is 25 m? opponent. The force that acts on the player is
106 A monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope which can (a) frictional force along westward
(a) 15.65 (b) 12.48 (c) 14.56 (d) 18.48
withstand a maximum tension of 600 N. In which of the (b) muscle force along southward
following cases will the rope break? 110 A man stands in contact against the inner wall of a
(c) frictional force along south-west
(Ignore the mass of the rope and take, g = 10 ms −2 ) hollow cylindrical drum of radius 3 m rotating about
(d) muscle force along south-west
its vertical axis. The coefficient of friction between
the wall and his clothing is 0.15. 116 A body of mass 2kg travels according to the law
What is the minimum rotational speed of the cylinder x ( t ) = pt + qt 2 + rt 3 where, q = 4 ms −2 , p = 3 ms −1
to enable the man to remain stuck to the wall (without and r = 5 ms −3 .The force acting on the body at
(a) 35 N (b) 45 N
(c) 55 N (d) 65 N falling) when the floor is suddenly removed? t = 2s is
( R = mrω 2 and F = mg ) (a) 136 N (b) 134 N (c) 158 N (d) 68 N
102 A stream of water flowing horizontally with a
speed of 15 ms −1 gushes out of a tube of (a) 4 rads −1 (b) 4.7 rads −1 (c) 5.2 rads −1 (d) 6.2 rads −1 117 A body with mass 5 kg is acted upon by a force
cross-sectional area 10 −2 m 2 and hits a vertical F = ( −3$i + 4$j ) N. If its initial velocity at t = 0 is
(a) The monkey climbs up with an acceleration of 6 ms −2 NCERT Exemplar u = (6$i − 12$j) ms −1 , the time at which it will just have
wall nearby. What is the force exerted on the wall
by the impact of water, assuming it does not (b) The monkey climbs down with an acceleration of 4 ms −2 a velocity along the Y -axis is
111 A ball is travelling with uniform translatory motion.
rebound? (c) The monkey climbs up with a uniform speed of 5 ms −1 This means that (a) never (b) 10 s
(a) 2250 N (b) 2408 N (d) The monkey falls down the rope nearly freely under (a) it is at rest (c) 2 s (d) 15 s
(c) 2048 N (d) None of these gravity
(b) the path can be a straight line or circular and the ball 118 A car of mass m starts from rest and acquires a
103 Ten one-rupee coins are put on top of each other 107 The rear side of a truck is open and a box of 40 kg mass travels with uniform speed velocity along east, v = v $i ( v > 0) in 2 s. Assuming
on a table. Each coin has mass m. Find the is placed 5 m away from the open end as shown in (c) all parts of the ball have the same velocity (magnitude
and direction) and the velocity is constant
the car moves with uniform acceleration, the force
magnitude (in mgN) and direction of figure. The coefficient of friction between the box and exerted on the car is
the surface below it is 0.15. On a straight road, the truck (d) the centre of the ball moves with constant velocity and
(i) the force on the 7th coin (counted from the bottom the ball spins about its centre uniformly mv
due to all the coins on its top) starts from rest and accelerates with 2 ms −2 . At what (a)
2
eastward and is exerted by the car engine
distance from the starting point does the box fall off the 112 A metre scale is moving with uniform velocity. This
(ii) the force on the 7th coin by the 8th coin mv
truck? (ignore the size of the box). implies (b) eastward and is due to the friction on the tyres
(iii) and the reaction of the 6th coin on the 7th coin. 2
(a) the force acting on the scale is zero, but a torque about
(a) 3 , 3 , − 4 (b) − 4 , 3 , 3 a the centre of mass can act on the scale
exerted by the road
Box
(c) 3 , − 4 , 3 (d) None of these 5m (b) the force acting on the scale is zero and the torque (c) more than
mv
eastward exerted due to the engine and
104 An aircraft executes a horizontal loop at a speed of acting about centre of mass of the scale is also zero 2
−1 (c) the total force acting on it need not be zero but the overcomes the friction of the road
720 kmh with its wings banked at 15°. What is the mv
torque on it is zero (d) exerted by the engine
radius of the loop? 2
(d) neither the force nor the torque need to be zero
(Take, g = 10 ms −2 and tan 15° = 0 . 27)
(a) 14.8 km (b) 14.8 m (a) 18.84 m (b) 12.48 m
(c) 29.6 km (d) 26.9 m (c) 16.56 m (d) 15.28 m
Page 7
Master The NCERT > PHYSICS (Vol-I ) CHAPTER 05 > Laws of Motion 113
or 10 × 0.25 = p f − mvi 18 (a) Given, initial velocity , u = 3i$ + 4 $j

Answers = p f − 0.5 × 0 Force, F = 2$i − 3$j
or p f = 2.5 N/s
> Mastering NCERT with MCQs Initial velocity along X-axis and Y -axis are ux = 3ms −1
 ∆p 
1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (b) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (a) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (b) 14 (b) From Newton’s second law, F = n ⋅   and u y = 4 ms −1 , respectively.
11 (b) 12 (b) 13 (b) 14 (b) 15 (a) 16 (c) 17 (c) 18 (a) 19 (b) 20 (c)
 ∆t 
Here, F = force, n = number of bullets fired per second Similarly, Fx = 2 N and F y = −3 N
21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (c) 26 (d) 27 (c) 28 (d) 29 (b) 30 (d)
31 (b) 32 (b) 33 (a) 34 (d) 35 (c) 36 (a) 37 (c) 38 (b) 39 (a) 40 (b) ∆p If acceleration along X and Y -axes are ax and a y , then
and = rate of change of momentum of one bullet. F 2
41 (b) 42 (b) 43 (c) 44 (c) 45 (c) 46 (d) 47 (a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (c) ∆t ax = x = = 2 m/s 2 [Q F = ma]
51 (c) 52 (c) 53 (a) 54 (a) 55 (b) 56 (c) 57 (c) 58 (a) 59 (c) 60 (a)  mv − 0 m 1
61 (b) 62 (b) 63 (a) 64 (b) 65 (b) ⇒ F =n  F y −3
 ∆t  ay = = = −3 m/s 2
> Special Types Questions Given, F = 144 N, m = 40 g = 40 × 10−3 kg , m 1
66 (a) 67 (c) 68 (a) 69 (b) 70 (c) 71 (d) 72 (b) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75 (d) 1 2 1
v = 1200 ms −1 and ∆t = 1s sx = ux t + ax t = 3 × 3 + × 2 × 9 = 18 m
76 (b) 77 (a) 78 (a) 79 (a) 80 (c) 81 (b) 82 (a) 83 (a) 84 (d) 85 (c) 2 2
86 (a) 87 (c) 40 × 10− 3 × 1200 1 1
∴ 144 = n × s y = u y t + a y t 2 = 4 × 3 + × −3 × 9 = 12 − 13.5
> NCERT & NCERT Exemplar MCQs 1 2 2
88 (a) 89 (c) 90 (b) 91 (a) 92 (a) 93 (a) 94 (b) 95 (b) 96 (b) 97 (b) 144 = −1.5m
⇒ n=
98 (b) 99 (d) 100 (b) 101 (c) 102 (a) 103 (a) 104 (a) 105 (a) 106 (a) 107 (a) 4 × 12 So, required x and y-coordinates of point = (18, − 1.5 )
108 (a) 109 (a) 110 (b) 111 (c) 112 (b) 113 (c) 114 (d) 115 (c) 116 (a) 117 (b) 19 (b) Given, mass of bullet, m = 0.04 kg
⇒ n=3
118 (b)
15 (a) Given, mass of ball, m = 0.1 kg Initial speed of bullet, u = 90 ms −1
Time, t = 3 s
Velocity attained by the ball before hitting the ground,
Final velocity of bullet, v = 0
v = 2gh ( − $j)
Hints & Explanations = 2 × 10 × 20 ( − $j ) = − 20 $j m/s
If a be the retardation in the bullet in the wooden block,
then
4 (a) During pick-up, the car accelerates. This must 11 (b) Given, m = 10
. × 104 kg From equation of motion, v = u − at
Velocity of ball when bounce back to the same height
happen due to a net external force. This is because, the after hitting the ground, 0 = 90 − a × 3
As the weight of the man is increased 5 times, so
acceleration of the car cannot be accounted for by any v′ = − v = − ( − 20 $j) = 20 $j m/s ⇒ 3a = 90 ⇒ a = 30 m/s 2
acceleration of the rocket, also increase to 5 times
internal force. The only conceivable external force ∴ Average resistive force,
along the road is the force of friction. It is the frictional i.e. a = 5g = 5 × 10 = 50 ms −2 ∴ Change in velocity,
F = m ⋅ a = 0.04 × 30 = 12
. N
force that accelerates the car as a whole. Force applied by rocket engine is ∆v = v′ − v = 20 $j − ( −20 $j ) = 40 $j m/s
20 (c) Given, mass of the particle, m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
5 (c) This is because the feet of the passenger comes to F = ma = 1.0 × 104 × 50 = 5 × 105 N ∴ Force exerted on the ball,
x- t graph of the particle is a straight line.
rest along with the bus, but the upper part of his body,
12 (b) Here, F = kt
∆p m∆v
due to inertia of motion, tends to remain in motion. F = = [given, ∆t = 0.04 s] Hence, particle is moving with a uniform velocity along
When t = 0, linear momentum = p ∆t 0.04 X-axis, i.e. its acceleration is zero and hence force
6 (a) If downward attractive force on the earth stops, the When t = T , linear momentum = 3 p 0.1 × 40 $j $ acting along X-axis is zero.
upward self-adjusting force also stops. Due to inertia, = = 100 ( j ) N
According to Newton’s second law of motion, 0.04 y-t graph of the particle is curved line.
the person resists any change to its state of rest. So, the
dp 16 (c) Given, mass of satellite, m = 104 kg Hence, particle has acceleration along Y -axis.
person will remain standing. applied force, F =
dt 1
7 (a) Once the astronaut is out of spaceship, there are F = 5 × 105 N, t = 20 s,u = 0, v = ? From equation, s = ut + at 2
or dp = F ⋅ dt Impulse applied on the satellite is equal to the change in 2
no nearby stars to exert gravitational force on him and
or dp = kt ⋅ dt momentum. 1
the small spaceship exert negligible gravitational 4 = 0 + a ⋅ 22 ⇒ a = 2 ms −2
attraction on him, so the net force acting on the Now, integrate both side with proper limit i.e. F ⋅ t = m( v − u ) 2
T
astronaut is zero. 3p T
t 2  5 × 105 × 20 = 104 ( v − 0 ) ∴ Force along Y -axis = m × a = 0.5 × 2 = 1 N
∫ dp = k ∫ t dt or [ p ] p3p = k  
Hints & Explanations

Therefore, net acceleration of the astronaut will be zero. 5 × 105 × 20 21 (b) The situation is as depicted below
p 0  2 0 ⇒ v= = 1000 m/s = 1km/s
8 (b) When a body gets separated from another moving 104
1
body, it acquires the velocity of the moving body. or ( 3 p − p ) = k [T − 0]
2
1 2
2 17 (c) From equation of motion, y = ut + at …(i)
So, when a portion of meteor gets separated, it acquires 2
4p p
the velocity of meteor, i.e. 50 kmh −1 . or T2 = or T = 2 where, a is the acceleration.
k k m= 0.15 kg
9 (a) Since, momentum is directly proportional to mass of 1
13 (b) Given, F = 10 N, vi = 0, m = 0.5 kg, ∆t = 0.25 s Given equation, y = ut + gt 2 = ut + ⋅ 2gt 2 …(ii)
the body. Hence when both iron balls are dropped from 2
same height, then bigger ball gain greater momentum Q Change in momentum, ∆p = p f − pi …(i) Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Initial momentum = Final momentum =
than smaller ball at the time of striking the glass pane. Also, ∆p = F ⋅ ∆t …(ii) Acceleration, a = 2 g mv = 0.15 × 12 mv = 0.15 × 12
Hence, it can transfer greater momentum to the glass From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Force = m × a = m⋅ 2g = 2mg = 1.8 N-s to right = 1.8 N-s to left
pane and so it breaks.
F ⋅ ∆t = p f − pi
Page 8
Impulse = Change in momentum For 2 to 4s, ∆p2 = Area under the rectangle So, in an isolated system, when total momentum of Momentum before the child begins to run, p = mv
= Final momentum − Initial momentum CFEDC = 2 × −3 = − 6 kg-ms −1 interacting particles is conserved, it follow both, Mass of trolley = 200 kg, mass of boy = 20 kg
= (1.8 N-s ) − ( − 1.8 N-s ) Newton’s second and third laws. Total mass of system, m = ( 200 + 20 ) kg
For 4 to 8s, ∆p3 = Area under the rectangle Hence, options (b) and (c) are correct.
= (1.8 N-s ) + (1.8 N-s ) = 3.6 N-s ⇒ p = ( 200 + 20 ) × 10
FIHGF = 4 × 3 = 12 kg-ms −1
= 3.6 N-s towards left 31 (b) Given, mass of the gun, M = 100 kg = 2200 kg ms −1
So, total change in momentum for 0 to 8s, Mass of the ball, m = 1kg
22 (c) Given situation is as shown below ∆p net = ∆p1 + ∆p2 + ∆p3 Momentum after the child starts running
Height of the cliff, h = 500 m = 200 v′ + 20( v′ − 4 )
= ( + 6 − 6 + 12 ) = 12 kgms −1 = 12 N-s g = 10 ms −2
T cos 45º = 220 v′− 80
45º
T 25 (c) According to figure, radius of semi-circle, r = 2 Time taken by the ball to reach the ground, Since, no external force is acting on the system, we can
45º
Linear momentum gained = Impulse from 0 to 4 s 2h 2 × 500 m apply conservation of linear momentum.
F t= = = 10 s 2200 = 220 v′ − 80
T sin 45º = Area enclosed by graph from 0 to 4 s g 10 ms −2 So,
πr2 π ( 2 )2 220 v′ = 2280
= = = 2π N-s Horizontal distance covered = ut 2280
10 kg 2 2 ∴ 400 = u × 10 ⇒ v′ = = 10.36 ms −1
220
26 (d) Action and reaction force always act on different where, u is the velocity of the ball.
We resolve tension T in string into vertical and 34 (d) From the given forces, we can say that first two
horizontal components.
bodies, because if they work on same body, then net ⇒ u = 40 ms −1
force on the body is zero and there could never be forces 1 N and 2 N, if are in the same direction, then it
For equilibrium, F = T sin 45° ...... (i) accelerated motion.
According to law of conservation of linear momentum, would be equal to third force 3 N. But it is given that,
and Mg = T cos 45° ....... (ii) initial momentum = final momentum all the three forces are in different directions.
So they cannot balance or cancel each other.
On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get 0 = Mv + mu So, these is no possibility that these three forces, are in
Hence, options (a) and (c) are correct.
mu (1 kg )( 40 ms −1 )
F
= tan 45° 28 (d) Since, action and reaction act in opposite directions v=− =− = −0.4 ms −1 equilibrium.
Mg M 100 kg
on same line, hence angle between them is 180°. 35 (c) For stable condition,
or F = Mg Negative sign shows that the direction of recoil of the F1 + F2 + F3 = 0
29 (b) According to question, 7th coin is under the weight gun is opposite to that of the ball.
= 10 × 10 = 100 N of 5 coins above it. ( 3$i − 4 $j ) + ( 2$i − 3$j ) + F3 = 0 (given)
32 (b) From law of conservation of momentum,
23 (c) Given, force applied by gun, Hence, reaction of the 7th coin on the 8th coin ⇒ F3 = −5 i$ + 7$j
F = (100 − 0.5 × 105 t ) N we have, p1 + p2 + p3 = 0
= force on the 7th coin due to 8th coin 36 (a) On resolving forces into rectangular components in
m1 v1 + m2 v2 + p3 = 0 (Q p = mv )
Speed of bullet, v = 400 m/s = weight of 5 coins the given figure as shown below
From figure given below
When F = 0, then 100 − 0.5 × 105 t = 0 = 5 mg = 5 × 20 × 10−3 × 10 = 1N Y
2 cos 45°
Y
⇒ t = 2 × 10−3 s [Q m = 20 g = 20 × 10−3 kg] 2N 1N
1 sin 45°
2 × 10 −3 30 (d) Case I Consider two particles of a system having 8 ms –1
∴ Impulse, I = ∫ Fdt = ∫ (100 − 0.5 × 10 t )dt

5 masses m1 and m2 are moving with velocities v1 and v2 , 2 kg 45°
0 respectively. Then, total linear momentum of the system 2 sin 45° 45° 1 cos 45°
90° 12 ms–1 X
2 × 10 −3 p = m1 v1 + m2 v2 = p1 + p2 X O F1
 t2 If F is the external force acting on the system, then
= 100t − 0.5 × 105  1 kg
 2 0 according to Newton’s second law of motion, m3 F2
dp 4 ms–1
0.5 × 105 F= At equilibrium, ΣFx = 0 and ΣF y = 0
= 100 × ( 2 × 10−3 − 0 ) − × ( 4 × 10−6 − 0 ) dt Z
2 dp ⇒ 2cos 45° + sin 45° = F2
= 0.2 − 0.1 = 01
. N-s For an isolated system, F = 0 ⇒ = 0 ⇒ p = constant ∴ (1 × 12 i$ )+ ( 2 × 8$j )+p3 = 0 and 2sin 45° = F1 + cos 45°
dt
24 (c) The area under F-t graph gives change in ⇒ 12 $i+16 $j+ p3 = 0 ⇒ p3 = − (12 $i + 16$j ) ⇒ F1 = 2sin 45°− cos 45°
i.e. p1 + p2 = constant.
momentum. 1
Case II Consider two particles of masses m1 and m2 ∴ p3 = (12 )2 + (16 )2 = 2−

So, for the F-t graph as shown below 2
moving along a straight line in opposite direction = 144 + 256 = 20 kg-ms −1
B collide to each other, if ∆p1 and ∆p2 be the changes in 2 −1 1
6 Now, p3 = m3 v3 = =
momenta produced in time ∆t, then according to the law 2 2
G H of conservation of momentum, if no external force (for p 20
3 ⇒ m3 = 3 = = 5 kg
isolated system) is applied on the system v3 4 = 0.707 N −~ 0.7 N
C F I
F(N) 0 ∆p1 + ∆p2 = 0 1
A 2 4 6 8 36 × 1000 and F2 = 2 +
t(s) ⇒ ∆p2 = − ∆p1 33 (a) Speed of 200 kg trolley = = 10 ms −1 2
–3 60 × 60
D E ∆ p2 ∆p 2+ 1 3
⇒ =− 1 Let v′ be the absolute value of velocity of trolley and vb = N=
For 0 to 2s, ∆p1 = Area under the triangle ∆t ∆t
 dp  be the absolute velocity of child after the beginning of 2 2
⇒ Force on m2 = − Force on m1 QF = dt 
1 journey. Their relative velocity is 4 ms −1 .
ABC = × 2 × 6 = 6 kg-ms −1 = 2.121 N −~ 21N
.
2 F2 = − F1 So, v′ − vb = 4 ⇒ vb = ( v′ − 4 )
Page 9
37 (c) T1 and T2 are the tension in the sections BC and BF, 41 (b) As here is a load at P, so tension in AP and PB will 44 (c) Given, m1 = 1 kg , m2 = 2 kg , t = 2s and g = 10 ms −2 keep the block stationary. As, the system is in
equilibrium.
then resolution of all forces at B in two perpendicular be different as shown in figure. Let these tensions be T1 Net force on system = m2 g − m1 g = ( m2 − m1 )g
directions are shown below. and T2 , respectively. ∴ R sin θ = ma …(i)
Net mass = ( m1 + m2 )
T1 sin 30° For vertical equilibrium of P, Similarly, R cos θ = mg …(ii)
Net force  m2 − m1 
T2 sin 30° B ∴ a= = g Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq (ii), we get
C F T2 cos 60° Net mass  m1 + m2 
T1 30° R sin θ ma a
= ⇒ tan θ =
T2 60°  2 − 1 10 R cos θ mg g
30°
B
30° A P T2 =  10 =
 1 + 2 3 or a = g tan θ
T1 cos 30° T2 cos 30° T1 T2 sin 60°
90° 90°
1 ∴ The relation between a and g for the block to remain
Distance travelled by 2 kg mass in 2s, s = × a × t2
10 N M 2 stationary on the wedge is a = g tan θ.
1 10 20
A Mg = × ×4= m 48 (b) As trolley accelerates forward, a pseudo force called
2 3 3 friction acts on the box in reverse direction. It prevent
For equilibrium along horizontal direction, T2 cos 60° = Mg 45 (c) According to the figure shown, the box to slide in backward direction. But as sliding
T1 cos 30° = T2 cos 30° T2 = 2 Mg friction fs can be increased to a maximum value of
i.e. …(i) ( m2 + m3 ) g − T ′ = ( m2 + m3 ) a ...(i)
Let, T1 = T2 = T µ mg. So, maximum acceleration that is possible for the
and for horizontal equilibrium of P, f
Again, for equilibrium along vertical direction.
T1 = T2 sin 60° = T2 ( 3 / 2 ) …(ii) box before it starts sliding = s = µg
m
T1 sin 30° + T2 sin 30° = 10 −2
Substituting the value of T2 from Eq. (i), we get = 0.3 × 10 = 3 ms .
⇒ 2T sin 30° = 10
1 T1 = ( 2Mg ) × ( 3 / 2 ) = 3 Mg a a 49 (c) The various forces acting on the book
2T × = 10 ⇒ T = 10 N T′ are shown in the figure. µsR
2 42 (b) Motion stops when pull due to m1 ≤ force of friction T′ R
So, the tension in both sections BC and BF is 10 N. At equilibrium,
between m and m 2 and surface. m1 A
R=N …(i) N
38 (b) Given, mA = 4 kg, ⇒ m1 g ≤ µ ( m2 + m )g B m2
µ s R = mg …(ii)
mB = 2 kg, mC = 1kg and F = 14 N ⇒ 5 × 10 ≤ 015
. (10 + m ) × 10 T
⇒ m ≥ 23.33 kg Given, m = 10 kg and µ s = 0.2 mg
a C m3
Here, nearest value is 27.3 kg From Eq. (ii), we get
F So, mmin = 27.3 kg and T ′ − m1 g = m1 a ...(ii) 0.2R = 10 × 10
A B C Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 100
43 (c) FBD of the given system is follow R= = 500 N
 m + m3 − m1  0.2
So, total mass, M = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 kg a= 2 g …(iii)
y  m2 + m3 + m1  ∴ Minimum force needed is 500 N.
Now, F = Ma ⇒ 14 = 7a ⇒ a = 2 ms −2 45° T
T cos 45°
x Between B and C, 50 (c) Mass of body A , m1 = 5 kg
FBD of block A, F m3 g − T = m3 a ⇒ T = m3 ( g − a ) …(iv) Mass of body B , m2 = 10 kg
a T sin 45°
On substituting the value of a from Eqs. (iii) to (iv), we Coefficient of friction between the bodies and the table,
F F′
4 kg Mg = 10 × 10 N get, the tension between B and C as µ = 0.15
  m + m3 − m1   2m1 m3 Force applied horizontally at A , F = 200 N
Let T = tension in the rope. T = m3 g −  2  g = ×g
F − F ′ = 4a For equilibrium condition of the mass,   m2 + m3 + m1   m1 + m2 + m3 Limiting friction acting to the left as shown below is
⇒ F ′ = F − 4 a = 14 − 4 × 2 ⇒ F ′ = 6 N given by
Σ Fx = 0 (force in x-direction) Given, m1 = m2 = m3 = 2 kg and g = 9.8 ms −2 R
Hence, the contact force between A and B is 6 N. Σ F y = 0 ( force in y-direction) 2× 2× 2 F
39 (a) Since, all the blocks are moving with constant When Σ Fx = 0, then ⇒ T= × 9.8 = 13.3 N A B
velocity and we know that, if velocity is constant, 2+ 2+ 2
Q F = T sin 45° …(i) f
acceleration of the body becomes zero. When Σ F y = 0, then 46 (d) According to the question, the FBD of the given m1g m2g

Hence, the net force on all the blocks will be zero. condition will be f = µR
Mg = T cos 45° …(ii)
40 (b) By Newton’s third law of motion, 9 Mg Using Eqs. (i) and (ii), A = 0.15 (5 + 10) × 9.8 = 22.05 N
R cosq
Reaction by floor on mass M =
9Mg 10 F T sin 45° R [Q R = ( m1 + m2 )g ]
a ⇒ = q
10 M Mg T cos 45° ∴ Net force acting on the partition towards the
(upward) ma R sinq right,
1 (Pseudo
From figure, Mg q F ′ = F − f = 200 − 22.05 = 177.95 N
F force)
Fnet on cabin of mass M ⇒ = 2 =1 mg q a According to the Newton’s third law of motion,
9Mg Mg Mg 1
= Mg − = (downward) B C Reaction of partition = Net force acting on the
10 10 2
Since, the wedge is accelerating towards right with a, partition
Mg g ⇒ F = Mg = 10 × 10 = 100 N thus a pseudo force acts in the left direction in order to = 177.95 N (towards the left)
By second law, = Ma ⇒ a =
10 10
Page 10
For the block to be in equilibrium i.e., so that it does not 4 work done by gravitational force
51 (c) First of all consider the forces on the blocks as ⇒ a= = 0.5 ms −2
shown below move downward, then 8 = work done by friction force
a Σfx = 0 L
From diagram, for motion of block, fg ⋅ L = f f ⋅ (as only lower half has friction)
2 3 ∴ 3 + Mg sin θ − F − f = 0
T1 T2 T 3 ma = mg sin 30°− µ k mg 2
m m or 3 + Mg sin θ = F + f here, fg = mg sin θ and f f = µN = µmg cos θ
where, µ k = coefficient of kinetic friction.
As, frictional force, f = µR where, µ = coefficient of friction between block and
µmg µmg ⇒ a = g sin 30°−µ k g
a T1 ∴ 3 + Mg sin θ = F + µR ...(i) lower half of the plane.
1
m Similarly, Σf y = 0 0.5 = 10 × − µ k × 10 L
1
2 ⇒ mg sin θ ⋅ L = µmg cos θ ⋅
− Mg cosθ + R = 0 2
5 − 0.5
mg or Mg cos θ = R ...(ii) ⇒ µk = = 0.45 −~ 0.5 mg sin θ ⋅ L sin θ
10 or µ= =2 = 2 tan θ
For the Ist block, mg − T1 = m × a …(i) Substituting the value of ‘R’ from Eq. (ii) to L cos θ
Eq. (i), we get Thus, coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and mg cos θ ⋅
Let us consider 2nd and 3rd block as a system. 2
3 + Mg sin θ = F + µ( Mg cos θ) ...(iii) the plank is 0.5.
So, T1 − 2 µmg = 2m × a …(ii) ⇒ µ = 2 tan θ
Here, M = 10 kg, θ = 45°, g = 10 m/s 2 56 (c) Forces acting on the body in the two cases are
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
shown below. The only difference is that in the first 58 (a) Given, m = 2 kg, r = 10 m and v = 5 ms −1
g and µ = 0.6
mg (1 − 2 µ ) = 3m × a ⇒ a = (1 − 2µ ) case (I) force of friction is acting is upward direction Radial acceleration (centripetal acceleration)
3 Substituting these values is Eq. (iii), we get
and in the second case (II), it is acting in downward v2 5 × 5
52 (c) As the string is inextensible and the pulley is smooth, 3 + (10 × 10 sin 45° ) − (0.6 × 10 × 10 cos 45° ) = F direction. = = = 2.5 ms −2
the 3 kg block and the 20 kg trolley both have same 100 60 40 r 10
⇒ F= 3+ − = 3+ µR R F2 R Force = Mass × Acceleration = 2 × 2.5 = 5 N
magnitude of acceleration a as shown below. 2 2 2
20 kg = 3 + 20 2 = 31.8 N or F − ~ 32 N 59 (c) Given, r = 10 m, v = 5 ms −1 and tangential
mg sin θ
T θ F1 θmg sin θ acceleration, at = 2 ms −2
fk w 54 (a) Given, m = 8 kg and θ = 30° µR
mg cos θ mg mg cos θ mg
θ θ v2 5 × 5
For friction to be minimum, from the diagram below, ⇒ Radial acceleration, ar = = = 2.5 ms −2
the component of force should be balanced by the I II r 10
T a component of weight along the inclined surface. Net acceleration, a = ar2 + at2 = (2.5)2 + 22
For equilibrium in case I,
3 kg w
N F c os
q
µR + F1 = mg sin θ = 10.25 = 3.2 ms −2
F1 = mg sin θ − µR
30 N θ 60 (a) The given situation is as shown in figure.
F = mg sin θ − µmg cos θ [Q R = mg cosθ]
Applying second law to the motion of the block in the θ
sin Similarly, for equilibrium in case II, v2
above figure 30 − T = 3 a …(i) mg θ
θ mg cos θ F2 = µR + mg sin θ r/2 2m
Apply the second law to motion to the trolley,
T − fk = 20 a
mg = µmg cos θ + mg sin θ [Q R = mg cosθ] r
Now, fk = µ k N i.e. F cos θ = mg sin θ F1 ( mg sin θ − µmg cos θ ) sin θ − µ cos θ
⇒ = = m
Given, µ k = 0.04 80 F2 mg sin θ + µmg cos θ sin θ + µ cos θ v1
⇒ F = mg tan θ = 8 × 10 × tan 30° =
N = 20 × 10 = 200 N 3 1 As, the tangential speed of lighter stone is n times that
Putting µ = tan θ
Thus, the equation for the motion of the trolley is 55 (b) It is given that, a plank with a box on it at one end is 2 of the value of heavier stone, when they experience
T − 0.04 × 200 = 20 a ⇒ T − 8 = 20a …(ii) 1 1 same centripetal forces, we get
gradually raised about the other end. At an angle of sin θ − sin θ 1−
Adding Eqs (i) and (ii), we get F1 2 2 = 1× 2 ( Fc ) heavier = ( Fc )lighter
inclination 30°, the box starts to slip and slides down 4 m = =
22 −2 −2 on the plank in 4s as shown in figure. F2 sin θ + 1 sin θ 1 + 1 / 2 2 3 2m( v )2 m( nv )2
a= ms = 0.96 ms ⇒ =
23 R 2 (r / 2) r
µkmg F1 : F2 = 1 : 3
Putting the value of a in Eq. (i), we get
T = 30 − 3( 0.96 ) = 27.1 N ⇒ n2 = 4
mg sin30° 57 (c) Let m be the mass of the block and L be the length of
⇒ n=2

Thus, the acceleration of the block and tension in the the inclined plane as shown in the figure below
−2 30°
string is 0.96 ms and 27.1 N, respectively. mg cos30° mg 30° 62 (b) For car of mass M moving in circle of radius R,
53 (a) Free body diagram, for the given figure is as follows,
with velocity v, requires a centripetal force which is
obtained from friction force (µ s N ) between the tyre of
2
The coefficient fo static friction,
L/
1 N
th
f µ s = tan 30° = = 0.6 car and road, that satisfies the following condition,
oo
R F 3 mv2
Sm
≤ µ s mg (Q N = mg )
2
L/
1 θ R
So, distance covered by a plank, s = ut + at 2
θ
Mg sin θ
sin
2 mg cos θ v ≤ µ s Rg
θ
g
Mg cos θ gh θ
m
Here, u = 0, t = 4 s and s = 4 m u
3N Ro mg Thus, when a car is moving along a circle, then its
1
Mg ⇒ 4 = × a × ( 4 )2 velocity v ≤ µ s Rg , so that it will not move away from
θ=45º 2 Since, initial and final speeds are zero, hence
the circle.
Page 11
63 (a) According to question, a car is negotiating a curved Now, solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get component of velocity does not change under the effect The mangoes fall down, when we shake a mango tree,
road of radius R. The road is banked at an angle θ and mg sin θ = 4 ...(iii) of vertical gravitational force. due to the fact that shaking brings the branches of the
the coefficient of friction between the tyres of car and and µ mg cos θ = 6 ...(iv) Therefore, Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason tree in motion while mangoes tend to be at rest due to
the road is µ s . So, this given situation can be drawn as Dividing, Eqs. (iii) and (iv) we get is not the correct explanation of Assertion. inertia.
shown in figure below 3 70 (c) If force on A by B = FAB and force on B by A = FBA . Similarly, passengers are in inertia of motion when
µ cot θ =
Ncosθ 2 These forces add to give a null force when FAB = – FBA vehicle is stopped suddenly. So, they fall forward.
N
θ 3 tan θ 3 tan 30° 3 Here FAB and FBA are internal forces of ( A + B ) system. So, all statements are correct for examples of inertia.
Nsinθ ⇒ µ= = ⇒µ=
f1cosθ Internal forces in a body do not cancel away as they do 76 (b) The statement II is incorrect and it be corrected as,
θ 2 2 2
θ not act on the same particle.
osθ 65 (b) Given, µ s = 0.2, R = 300 m and θ = 15° Each body in the assembly experiences the force of
mg c Therefore, Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
f1 f1 sinθ gravity.
θ Optimum speed, v0 = gR tan θ = 9.8 × 300 × tan 15° 71 (d) According to Newton’s third law of motion, it is Rest statement is correct.
mg impossible to have a single force out of mutual
Considering the case of vertical equilibrium, = 2940 × 0.27 = 28.1 ms −1 interaction between two bodies, whether they are 77 (a) Due to friction, tension at all points on the thread is
moving or at rest. not alike as shown below.
N cos θ = mg + f1 sin θ gR ( µ s + tan 15° )
and v max = It means, third law of motion is applicable to all the R
⇒ mg = N cos θ − f1 sin θ …(i) 1 − µ s tan 15°
bodies either at rest or in motion and this law is also
f (force of friction)
Considering the case of horizontal equilibrium, 9.8 × 300 (0.2 + 0.27) applicable to all types of forces.
=
mv2 1 − 0.2 (0.27) Therefore, Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
N sin θ + f1 cos θ = …(ii)
R Change in momentum ∆p
= 38.1 ms −1 72 (b) Force = =
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get Time interval ∆t T2
Thus, the optimum speed and maximum permissible
v2 N sin θ + f1 cos θ sin θ + µ s cos θ If time interval is increased, then force decrease T1
= = speed are 28.1 ms −1 and 38.1 ms −1 , respectively. 6 kg
gR N cos θ − f1 sin θ cos θ − µ s sin θ (for constant ∆p). Therefore, reaction force on the hand
66 (a) Aristotle stated that an external force is required to is small, i.e. he experience less hurt. 8 kg
(Q f1 = µ s N ) keep a body in motion as it can be observed in our This is what seasoned cricketer does.
 sin θ + µ s cos θ 
surrounding, i.e. to move a body, we need to push or New player make ∆t small, so force is more, which hurt Here T1 − T2 = f , also R = T1 + T2
⇒ v = gR   pull an object. But Aristotle didn’t give any reason new player’s hand. Given, T1 = 8 g , T2 = 6 g
 cos θ − µ s sin θ  behind this fact. Therefore, Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason ⇒ R = ( 8 + 6 )g = 14 g
The reason behind this fact is that there are a number of is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
 tan θ + µ s  As, f = T1 − T2 = 8 g − 6 g = 2 g = 20 N
= gR   opposing forces like frictions, viscosity, etc. are always 73 (c) As we know, momentum, p = mv
 1 − µ s tan θ  present in the natural world. To counter these opposing So, statement I is correct but II is incorrect.
forces, some external force is required to keep a body in Change in pcan be brought by changing force F i.e. 78 (a) When a stone tied with string is rotated in
64 (b) Block does not move upto a maximum applied dp
force of 2N down the inclined plane.
motion. As, F = = rate of change of momentum with time. horizontal circle, then centripetal force is required
Therefore, Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason dt which is given as
f
N is the correct explanation of Assertion. ⇒ dp = F dt mv2
⇒ md v = Fdt F =
67 (c) A stationary body ( v = 0 ) may still have some r
θ acceleration, e.g. when a body is thrown in upward So, in order to keep, Fdt constant, mdv should be 1
sin θ direction, it comes to rest at highest position, but at that constant, here m and dv can change from one body to ∴ F ∝ v2 , F ∝
mg r
mg cos θ another body.
2+ mg
time, it still have acceleration equal to acceleration due to
From above, it is clear that when stone is rotated with
θ gravity g. Thus, same force for same time can cause different
greater speed, then greater force (centripetal force) is
Hence, gravitational force is acting at highest position change in momentum for different bodies.
So, equating forces, we have; required.
and when a force acts on a body, then its accelerates. Therefore, Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
2 + mg sin θ = f Therefore, Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Again, when stone is rotated in a circle of smaller
or 2 + mg sin θ = µ mg cos θ …(i) 74 (d) It is not always necessary that external agency of radius, greater force is required.
68 (a) At the microscopic level, all bodies are made up of force is in contact with the object, while applying force
Similarly, block also does not move upto a maximum So, statements I and II are correct but III is incorrect.
charged constituents and various contact forces exist on object.

applied force of 10 N up the plane. between them. 79 (a) Due to inertia, greater force is needed to push the
10 N These forces are due to elasticity of bodies, molecular Force can be applied on a body/particle without contact truck than the car, to bring them to the same speed in
N or with contact, it depends on the agency, applying
collisions and impacts etc. same time.
force. e.g.
Therefore, Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason Thus, the statement given in option (a) is correct, rest
θ is the correct explanation of Assertion. Earth pulls (exerts force) from distance. A stone without
are incorrect.
sin θ any physical contact falls due to gravitational pull of the
mg mg cos θ
69 (b) Force is a vector quantity. Thus, if force is not earth. 80 (c) The statement given in option (c) is incorrect and it
f mg parallel to the velocity of the body, but makes some
θ Therefore, Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. can be corrected as,
angle with it, it changes the component of velocity along
the direction of force. 75 (d) Dust particles are removed when we beat a carpet When particle moves in a circle even with uniform or
Now, equating forces, we have
with a stick because the carpet is suddenly set into constant speed, it faces an external force towards its
mg sin θ + f = 10 N The component of velocity normal to the force remains
centre called centripetal force.
unchanged, e.g. in projectile motion, horizontal motion, but the dust particles remains at rest due to
or mg sin θ + µmg cos θ = 10 …(ii)
inertia.
Page 12
This means, in the absence of external force a particle ⇒ mg sin θ1 + µ mg cos θ1 = mg sin θ 2 Resultant force acting on the body, 93 (a) For 0 < t < 4s, the position-time graph OA is a straight
cannot move with uniform speed in a circle. sin θ 2 − sin θ1 line inclined at an angle from time axis, which is
⇒ µ= F = F12 + F22 + 2F1 F2 cos θ
Rest statements are correct. cos θ1 representing uniform motion of the particle, i.e. the
= ( 8 )2 + ( 6 )2 + 2 × 8 × 6 × cos 90° particle is moving with a constant speed. Therefore,
81 (b) The statement given in option (b) is incorrect and it When A moves upwards,
acceleration and force acting on the particle will be zero.
can be corrected as, f = mg sin θ 2 − mg sin θ1 > 0 = 64 + 36 = 10 N (Qcos 90° = 0 )
Impulse at t = 0,
According to Newton’s third law of motion, to every ⇒ sin θ 2 > sin θ1 ⇒ θ 2 > θ1 F 10 Impulse = change in momentum
action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. Thus, the statement given in option (c) is correct, rest Acceleration, a = = = 2 ms −2
It clearly shows that exchange of forces happen
m 5 = mv − mu = m( v − u )
are incorrect.
between the two bodies, i.e. action and reaction does not ∴ An acceleration of 2 ms −2 is acting on a body. Before t = 0, particle is at rest, hence u = 0
87 (c)
act on same body. 91 (a) Initial mass of the rocket, m = 20000 kg After t = 0, particle is moving with a constant velocity.
A. Static friction is the frictional force between the
Rest statements are correct. surfaces of two objects when they are not in motion Initial acceleration, a = 5.0 ms −2 in upward direction Velocity of the particle = slope of position-time graph.
82 (a) When a person walks on the road, he exerts a force with respect to each other. Due to this reason, static 3m
friction has the highest value of frictional force and
Let initial thrust of the blast be T. = = 0.75 ms −1
on floor. According to Newton’s third law of motion, a 4s
T
reaction force exerts on the person which is being hence µ is highest. a ∴ Impulse = Change in momentum = 4 ( 0.75 − 0 )
provided by the frictional force. B. Rolling friction takes place when one body rolls
over the surface of another body due to which the Rocket = 3 kg-ms −1
Thus, the frictional force helps a person to walk on a
rough surface. value of friction is less in case of rolling friction and 94 (b) Masses connected at the two ends of a light
hence µ is lowest. inextensible string are
Thus, the statement given in option (a) is incorrect, rest C. Kinetic friction takes place when one body slides
are correct. m1 = 8 kg , m2 = 12 kg
over the surface of the another body. Value of
friction is moderate and lie in between the friction Let T be the tension in the string and masses move with
83 (a) Friction force or any type of force in nature is w = mg
value of rolling and static friction and hence µ is an acceleration a, when released.
always created in pairs. It is ascending to Newton’s third
law of motion. moderate. ∴ T − mg = ma ⇒ T = mg + ma
But centrifugal force in general is not a reaction force to Hence, A → 1, B → 3 and C → 2. T = m × ( g + a ) = 20000 × (9.8 + 5.0)
centripetal force. 88 (a) According to question, one end of a string of length l = 2 × 104 × 14.8 = 29.6 × 104 = 2.96 × 105 N
This is because, reaction and action force do not act on is connected to a particle of mass m and other to a small
the same body. Centrifugal force is a pseudo force, 92 (a)
peg on a smooth horizontal table as shown below.
which is used when we try to analyse the motion of a (i) Initial speed of truck, u = 0
body from the frame to rotating body. peg T Acceleration, a = 2 ms −2 and time, t = 10 s T T a
m
Thus, the statement given in option (a) is correct, rest Velocity attained by the truck in 10 s,
are incorrect. a m1
v = u + at = 0 + 2 × 10 = 20 ms −1
84 (d) The opposing force that comes into play when one Horizontal velocity of the stone which remains m2
body is actually sliding over the surface of the other m1 g
It is given that tension in the string is T. So, when unchanged, vx = 20 ms −1
body is called sliding friction. particle starts moving with speed v in a circle, then the
N When stone is dropped from the top of the truck, m2 g
The coefficient of sliding is given as µ S = net force on the particle, directed towards its centre is T.
initial vertical velocity, u y = 0 For mass m1 ,
Fsliding 89 (c) Given, m = 20 kg, v = 15 ms −1 and F = 50 N Velocity attained in vertical direction by the stone in T − m1 g = m1 a …(i)
where, N is the normal reaction and Fsliding is the sliding Change in momentum in reversing the velocity time interval from t = 10 s to t = 11s, i.e. in 1 s.
force. vx For mass m2 ,
= mv − ( − mv ) = 2mv = 2 × 20 × 15 = 600 units θ m2 g − T = m2 a …(ii)
As, the dimensions of N and Fsliding are same. Thus, µ S Impulse of force = F × t = 50 × t
is a dimensionless quantity. On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
600 vy
Thus, the statement given in option (d) is incorrect, rest So, 50 × t = 600 ⇒ t = = 12 s v m2 g − m1 g = ( m1 + m2 ) a
50
are correct. ( m − m1 )
∴ a= 2 g …(iii)
90 (b) Mass of the body, m = 5 kg ( m1 + m2 )
85 (c) Let A moves up the plane, then B will move v y = u y + gt = 0 + 9.8 × 1= 9.8 ms −1

downward as shown. Force acting on body, F1 = 8 N 12 − 8
∴ Resultant velocity of the stone, = × 10
12 + 8
N a v = vx2 + v2y = (20)2 + (9.8)2 = 22.4 ms −1
B 4
= × 10 = 2 ms −2
F2 = 6 N
A
a (ii) Just after the stone is dropped from the truck, the 20
F
horizontal force or acceleration acting on stone due
m
On substituting the value of a in Eq. (i),we get

g
f θ1 θ2 to the truck becomes zero ( ax = 0 ) and it falls freely

co
θ1
sin θ mg
sθ
mg mg cosθ1 mg sin θ2 α under gravity. T = m1 g + m1 a = m1 ( g + a )

θ2
2
g 1
m
F1 = 8 N ∴ Acceleration of the stone, a y = g = 9.8 ms −2 = 8 (10 + 2 ) = 96 N
When A just starts moving up
mg sin θ1 + f = mg sin θ 2 and F2 = 6 N Thus, the velocity and acceleration of the stone are Thus, the acceleration and tension in the string are
22.4 ms −1 and 9.8 ms −2 , respectively. 2 ms −2 and 96 N, respectively.
where, f = µN = µ mg cos θ1 Angle between two forces, θ = 90°
Page 13
95 (b) Mass of each ball, m = 0.05 kg = mr4 π 2 ν 2 Magnitude of the impulse imparted to the ball after 105 (a) Mass of the block, m = 25 kg
every two seconds
Speed of each ball, v = 6 ms −1  22
2
 2
2 Mass of the man, M = 50 kg
= 0.25 × 1.5 × 4 ×   ×   = 6.6 N = Change is momentum of the ball
Momentum of each ball before collision,  7  3 Force required to lift the block ( F ) = Weight of the
= mv − mv′ = m ( v − v′ ) block
pi = mv = 0.05 × 6 = 0.30 kg ms −1 Maximum tension which can be withstood by the string = 0.04 [10−2 − ( − 10−2 )] F = mg = 25 × 10 = 250 N
After collision each ball rebound, therefore momentum Tmax = 200 N
= 8 × 10−4 kg ms −1 Weight of the man, w = Mg = 50 × 10 = 500 N
of each ball after collision mv2max
∴ Tmax = Case I If the block is raised by the man as shown in
p f = m ( − v ) = 0.05 × ( − 6) = − 0.30 kg ms −1 r
101 (c) Given, mass of the man, M = 55 kg
Fig. (i), then force is applied by the man in the upward
× r 200 × 1.5 As the man is standing stationary w.r.t. the belt, so
Impulse imparted to each ball = Change in its T direction due to which apparent weight of the man
⇒ v2max = max = = 1200 Acceleration of man = Acceleration of belt
momentum m 0.25 increases. Therefore, action on the floor by the man
= p f − pi = − 0.30 − (0.30)
∴ v max = 1200 = 34.6 ms −1 ∴ Acceleration of man, a = 1 ms −2 = F + w = 250 + 500 = 750 N
= − 0.60 kg -ms −1 ∴ Net force on the man, Case II If the block is raised by the man as shown in
Thus, the tension and maximum speed are 6.6 N and
96 (b) Mass of the ball, m = 0.15 kg 34.6 ms −1 , respectively. F = Ma = ( 55 kg )(1 ms −2 ) = 55 N Fig. (ii), then force is applied by the man in the
downward direction due to which apparent weight of
Velocity of the ball, v = u = 54 kmh −1 98 (b) According to Newton’s third law, every action has 102 (a) Speed of the stream of water, v = 15 ms −1 . the man decreases. Therefore, action on the floor by the
5  5 −1  an equal and reaction. The horse pushes backward on Area of cross-section of the tube, A = 10−2 m 2 man
= 54 × ms −1 −1
Q1 km h = ms  the ground, so the ground pushes forward with an equal
18  18  Volume of water coming out per second from the tube, = mg − F = 500 − 250 = 250 N
−1 force as shown below.
= 15 ms V = Av = 10−2 × 15 106 (a) Mass of the monkey,
Normal force (N)
Let the ball be incident along path PO and batsman = 15 × 10−2 m3s −1 m = 40 kg
deflects the ball by an angle of 45° along path OQ. Maximum tension which can be withstood by the rope,
Density of water = 103 kgm −3
N
Tmax = 600N
P ∴ Mass of the water coming out of the tube per second, (a) When monkey climbs up with an
Q Reaction Action  Mass  acceleration, a = 6 ms −2 as shown,
u cos θ m =V ×ρ QDensity =  T
 Volume then
u u m
= 15 × 10 −2
× 103 kg =150 kgs −1 T − mg = ma a
22
. 5°
. 5°
22
⇒ T = mg + ma
Weight (w) Force exerted on the wall by the impact of water mg
u sin θ ⇒ T = m (g + a )
O u sin θ = Change in momentum per second
θ
So, for pulling a cart or for running, the horse pushes = 40 (10 + 6 ) = 640 N
= mv = 150 × 15 = 2250 N
u cos θ the earth with its feet and earth makes it move in In this condition T > Tmax , therefore the rope will
forward direction. Since in empty space, there is no 103 (a) (i) Mass of each coin = m break.
45°
∠PON = ∠ NOQ = = 22. 5 = θ reaction force, therefore horse cannot run in empty Number of total coins =10 (b) When monkey climbs down with an
2
space. (i) Force acting on 7th coin (counted from the bottom) acceleration, a = 4 ms −2 as shown,
On resolving the initial velocity of the ball along PO T
99 (d) When we push the lawn mower, a component of our = weight of the coins above it then
and final velocity of the ball along OQ, into rectangular m
components. The horizontal component of velocity force increase the reaction force of the earth due to = weight of 3 coins mg − T = ma a
u sin θ remains unchanged while vertical component of which friction force increases considerably. So, it ⇒ T = mg − ma
= 3 mg N (downward)
velocity is just reversed. becomes difficult to move the lawn mower. = m( g − a ) mg
∴ Impulse imparted to the ball While is pulling, it reduces the friction, and hence it
(ii) Force acting on 7th coin by 8th coin = 40 (10 − 4 ) = 240 N
= Change in linear momentum of the ball becomes easier to move the lawn mower. = weight of the eighth coin + weight of two coin In this condition T < Tmax , therefore the rope will
supported by eight coin not break.
= mu cos θ − ( − mu cos θ ) = 2 mu cos θ 100 (b) Mass of the body, m = 0.04 kg = 3mg N (downward) (c) When monkey climbs up with a uniform speed of
= 2 × 0.15 × 15 × cos 22.5° The position-time graph OA from t = 0 to t = 2 s is a (iii) Reaction of the sixth coin on the seventh coin 5 ms −1 , then its acceleration a is zero.
= 4.5 × 0.9239 kg - ms −1 = 4.16 kg -ms −1 straight line, therefore body is moving with a constant = − (force exerted in sixth coin) ∴ T = mg = 40 × 10 = 400 N

velocity.
97 (b) Mass of a stone, m = 0.25 kg = − (weight of the four coin) In this condition T < Tmax , therefore the rope will
Velocity of the body, v = Slope of x- t graph = −4 mg N (vertically upward)
Radius of the string, r = 1.5 m not break.
2− 0
= = 1cms −1 = 10−2 ms −1 (Q1 cm = 10−2 m) 5 (d) When monkey falls down freely under gravity, then
Frequency, ν = 40 revmin −1 =
40 2
revs −1 = revs −1 2− 0 104 (a) Given, v = 720 kmh −1 = 720 × ms −1 = 200 ms −1
18 its acceleration in downward direction is g.
60 3 −2
Part AB of position-time graph is also a straight line, θ = 15°, g = 10 ms ∴ T = m (g − a )
Centripetal force required for circular motion is therefore velocity of the body,
obtained from the tension in the string. v2 = m (g − g ) (Q a = g )
0− 2 As, tan θ = =0
∴ Tension in the string = Centripetal force v′ = = − 1 cms −1 = − 10−2 ms −1 rg
4−2 In this condition, monkey will be in a state of
mv2 m( rω )2 v2 ( 200 ms −1 )2 40000
T= = Negative sign shows that the direction of velocity is ∴ r= = = weightlessness and tension in the rope is zero.
r r tan θg tan 15°×10 ms −2 0.27 × 10 Therefore, the rope will not break.
reversed after 2s and it is being repeated.
= mrω 2 = mr( 2π ν )2 (Q ω = 2πν ) = 14815 m = 14.8 km Hence, if the acceleration of 6 ms −2 , so rope will break.
Page 14
107 (a) Mass of the box, m = 40 kg Distance of the second coin B from the centre The man will remain stuck to the wall without slipping, Change in momentum = p2 − p1
x2 = 14 cm if = AB − OA = AB + ( − OA )
Coefficient of friction between the box and the surface,
µR ≥ F ⇒ µ × mrω 2min = mg = Clearly resultant AR will be along
µ = 0.15 Coefficient of friction between the coins and the record,
Acceleration of the truck, a = 2 ms −2 . µ = 0.15 g 10 south-west.
⇒ ω min = = B
Force applied by the truck on the box due to its
If force of friction between the coin and the record is µr 0.15 × 3 A
accelerated motion, sufficient to provide the centripetal force, then coil will −1
revolve with the record. = 4.7 rad s
F = ma = 40 × 2 = 80 N
∴ To prevent slipping (or to revolve the coin along with 112 (b) To solve this question, we have to apply Newton’s
R
Due to this pseudo force on the box, box tries to move O
in backward direction, but limiting friction force opposes record), the force of friction f ≥ centripetal force ( fc ) second law of motion, in terms of force and change in
⇒ µ mg ≥ mrω 2 or µg ≥ rω 2 momentum. This resultant force is provided by friction, along
its motion. dp
We know that, F = south-west.
Limiting friction force between the box and the For first coin A,
surface, f = µ R = µmg 2
dt 116 (a) Given, mass, m = 2 kg, q = 4 ms −2 , p = 3 ms −1 and
4  220 4 × 220 × 220 Given that metre scale is moving with uniform velocity, r = 5 ms −3
f = 0.15 × 40 × 9.8 = 58.8 N rω 2 = ×  =
100  63  100 × 63 × 63 hence dp = 0, then force, F = 0. x ( t ) = p t + q t 2 + rt 3
Net force acting on box in backward direction,
As all parts of the scale is moving with uniform velocity
F ′ = F − f = 80 − 58.8 = 21. 2 N = 0.488 ms −2 dx
and total force is zero, hence torque will also be zero. v= = p + 2q t + 3 rt 2
Acceleration produced in the box in backward and µg = 0.15 × 9.8 = 1.47 ms −2 dt
direction, 113 (c) Given, u = ( 3$i + 4 $j ) ms −1 and v = − ( 3i$ + 4 $j ) ms −1
Here, µg ≥ rω 2 , therefore this coin will revolve with the a=
dv
= 0 + 2q + 6 rt
F′ 212. Mass of the ball, m = 150 g = 0.15 kg
a′ = = = 0.53 ms −2 record.
∴ ∆p = change in momentum
dt
m 40 For second coin B, At t = 2s , a = 2q + 6 × 2 × r
Using equation of motion for travelling s = 5 m to fall = Final momentum – Initial momentum
14  220
2
14 × 220 × 220 = 2q + 12r
off the truck, rω 2 = × = 1.707 ms −1 = mv − mu = m( v − u )
 = = 2 × 4 + 12 × 5
1 100  63  100 × 63 × 63 = ( 0.15 ) [− ( 3$i + 4 $j ) − ( 3$i + 4 $j )]
s = ut + a ′ t 2 = 8 + 60 = 68 ms −1
2 Here, µg < rω 2 , therefore centripetal force will not be . ) [ −6i$ − 8$j]
= ( 015
⇒
1
5 = 0 × t + × 0.53 × t 2 Force, F = ma = 2 × 68 = 136 N
obtained from the force of friction, hence this coin will . × 6$i + 015
= − ( 015 . × 8$j )
2 not revolve with the record. 117 (b) Given, mass, m = 5 kg
= − ( 0. 9$i + 1. 20$j ) kg-ms −1
5× 2 1000 109 (a) When the motorcyclist is at the uppermost point of Acting force, F = ( −3$i + 4 $j ) N
⇒ t= = = 4.34 s Hence, ∆p = − ( 0.9 i$ + 1. 2$j ) kg-ms −1
0.53 53 the death well, then weight of the cyclist as well as the
Initial velocity at t = 0, u = ( 6$i − 12$j ) ms −1
Distance travelled by the truck in time, t = 4.34 s normal reaction R of the ceiling of the chamber is in 114 (d) We know that, for a system
downward direction. These forces are balanced by the F  3i$ 4 $j
1 1
s′ = ut + at 2 = 0 × t + × 2 × ( 4.34 )2 outward centrifugal force acting on the motorcyclist. Fext =
dp
(from Newton’s second law) Retardation, a$ = =  − +  ms −2
2 2 dt m  5 5
mv2 Fext = 0, dp = 0
= (4.34)2 = 18.84 m ∴ R + mg = If As final velocity is along Y-axis only, its x-component
r ⇒ p = constant must be zero.
108 (a) Frequency of revolution, where, v = speed of the motorcyclist, From v = u + at, for x-component only,
Hence, momentum of a system will remain conserve, if 3$i
ν = 33 =
1 100
revmin −1 m = mass of (motor cycle + driver) external force on the system is zero. 0 = 6$i − t
3 3 and r = radius of the death well. 5
In case of collision between particles, equal and 5× 6
=
100 5
revs −1 = revs −1 The minimum speed required to perform a vertical loop opposite forces will act on individual particles by t= = 10 s
3 × 60 9 is given by 3
Newton’s third law.
∴ Angular velocity, ω = 2πν weight of the object = centripetal force Hence, total force on the system will be zero. 118 (b) Given, mass of the car = m
22 5 mv2min As car starts from rest, u = 0
= 2× × mg = 115 (c) Consider the adjacent diagram
7 9 r Velocity acquired along east, v = v$i
N
220 Given, r = 25 m Duration, t = 2s
= rads −1 We know that, v = u + at
∴ v min = rg = 25 × 9.8 = 15.65 ms −1 B A
63

⇒ v$i = 0 + a × 2
The given situation is as drawn below
110 (b) Radius of the cylindrical drum, r = 3 m W E v
O ⇒ a = i$
14 cm Coefficient of friction between the wall and his 2
x2 mv $
x1 clothing, µ = 0.15 Force, F = ma = i
4 cm A B The normal reaction of the wall on the man acting 2
O S
horizontally provides the required centripetal force. mv
Let, OA = p1 = initial momentum of player northward Therefore, force acting on the car is towards east.
R = mrω 2 …(i)
and AB = p2 = final momentum of player towards
2
As external force on the system is only friction, so the
The frictional force F, acting upwards balances his west. mv
r = 15 cm weight, Clearly, OB = OA + AB force is by friction on the tyres exerted by the road.
2
Given, radius of the disc, r = 15 cm i.e. F = mg …(ii)
Distance of first coin A from the centre, x1 = 4 cm

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Mastering NCERT 11 A rocket is going upwards with accelerated motion. A

0 2 6 8 (c) 12.36 (d) 14.40

What is the reaction of the partition? (a) 32 N (b) 25 N (c) 23 N (d) 18 N

TOPIC 7 ~ Dynamics of Circular Motion SPECIAL TYPES QUESTIONS

78 Study the following statements.

or 10 × 0.25 = p f − mvi 18 (a) Given, initial velocity , u = 3i$ + 4 $j

Hints & Explanations

∴ Impulse, I = ∫ Fdt = ∫ (100 − 0.5 × 10 t )dt

Hints & Explanations

Hints & Explanations

Hints & Explanations

Hints & Explanations

Hints & Explanations

On substituting the value of a in Eq. (i),we get

f θ1 θ2 to the truck becomes zero ( ax = 0 ) and it falls freely

mg mg cosθ1 mg sin θ2 α under gravity. T = m1 g + m1 a = m1 ( g + a )

Hints & Explanations

Hints & Explanations

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