Encourages

Use of a term
the reader to Being clear
to describe
act emotionall and avoiding
something it
rather than ambiguity
does not denote
rationally and obscurity
to suggest
Manner Being truthful,
similar qualities
Talk drawing not giving false
Comparison between the two
attention to information
the act of between words
talking itself using 'like' or 'as'
Signaling they
want to end the Emotive
conversation language Relation Grice's Maxims
Comparison Quality
Metatalk between two Alliteration =
Similie Repetition of
text, which, if Metaphor
Pre-closing they work, will the first letter Being relevant/
sequences have similarities pertinent to the
conversation
Analogy Phonology Giving the
Quantity appropriate
Features amount of
information
Emanuel of planned
Schegloff's Personification speech Repetition
an item that acts theory of Giving an object
as a farewell human qualities
phone calls Tripling Repeated words
Phatic speech or phrases
Non-verbal
utterances to
Valedation show agreement
Rhetorical 1st/2nd person or attention
questions Sets of three Signifying a
A question pronouns
Small talk shift of topic or
not requiring
an aswer Parallelism conversation
1. Summons/ Back-
answer channelling Discourse
- opning A conventional/
2. Listing the use of markers
routine
Identinification Hyperbole clauses, expression
and/or sentences in colloquial
recognition Syndetic = 'and' or phrases communication
Asyndetic
3. A greeting = no 'snd' with similar Returning to a Non-verbal
sequence grammatical previous topic sounds acting
- initiating structures as pauses
shared space 4. How are you Exaggeration
sequences - Fillers
strengthening Skip
Fixed
shared space connectors
expressions Avoiding
directness

Hedging
Vague Beings
expressions
Deliberate non- Features of speaking,
communicative pauses, then
Not quoted, expression spontaneous False starts recommenses
but is without speech
We was Not quoted, an narration,
The subject is doin duffink indication of resembling Ellipsis
not the actor what was said direct speech
Repairs Returning
Non-standard Omission to correct
grammar The subject is of words a previous
Question also the actor Deixis Tag questions mistake
answer - Indirect speech
greeting return Passive voice Free indirect
greeting Active voice speech Formal,
grammatically Non-fluency
complete. Often Pointing words Sing of speaker features
exaggerated for in a perceptual, support or
Social comedic effect temporal uncertainty or
Adjacency stylised or spatial
group lang Dialogue a request for
pairs Sociolect dimention
Free direct clarification
speech Non-verbal
What the Individual occurrences
speaker means speaking style
rather than just
Pragmatics
what they say Features Idiolect
Dialogue
of spoken
language Direct speech
accompanying Naturalistic
Dialect Language exploration from dialogue
Co-operative variety the narrator
overlap
Direct speech Realistic and
Tannen - similar to
women overlap Paralunguistic spontaneous
to support features Elission
Joining to speech but is
Accent Utterance Actual words Can have still scripted
words together are quoted regional
accents, non-
fluency features
A set of Prosodic Gestures/facial 'gonna' 'gimme' or over-
distinctive features expressions lapping speech
pronunciations
that mark Spoken
regional or sentence
social identity
Sounds

Intonation/
rhythm/ stress