‫ا‬ ‫ا ا‬

ُ ِ ّ ‫سا‬
ُ ‫ا ْر‬
LESSON THREE

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

Objectives

GRAMMAR THEME
Definite ‫ال‬ Furniture
Mubtada & khabar ( Vocabulary )

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 VOCABULARY

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

ٌ ‫اب َم ْفتُو‬
‫ح‬ ُ ‫ال َب‬

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 ٌ َ‫اب ُم ْغل‬
‫ق‬ ُ ‫ال َب‬

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ٌ‫اﻷ َ ِري َكةُ قَ ِدي َمة‬

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 ‫الخزَ انَةُ َج ِدي َدةٌ‬
‫ِ‬

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‫‪7‬‬

‫س َخةٌ‬
‫طا ِولَةُ ُمت ﱠ ِ‬
‫ال َ‬

‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

‫ي َب ِعي ٌد‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫س‬
ِ ‫ر‬
ْ ُ
‫ك‬ ‫ال‬
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 ‫يب‬‫ر‬
ٌ ِ َ ‫ق‬ ُ
‫از‬َ ‫ف‬‫ل‬ْ ّ ‫ال ِت‬
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DIALOGUE

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 ‫َ ْ ُ ٌح؟‬ ‫ َ ْ ا َ ُب‬: ٌ َ ُ
ٌ َُْ ‫ ا َ ُب‬، َ : ُ َ َ

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‫ َ ْ ا ِر َ ُ َ ِ َ ٌة؟‬: ٌ َ ُ
ٌ َ ِ َ ُ َ ‫ ا ِر‬، َ : ُ َ َ

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 ‫َ ْ ا َ َْ ُ َ ِ ٌ؟‬: ٌ َ ُ
ٌ ِ َ ُ َْ َ ‫ا‬، ْ ََ: ُ َ َ

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‫ َ ْ ا ِو َ ُ ُ ِ ٌ؟‬: ٌ َ ُ
ٌ ِ ُ ُ َ ‫ ا ِو‬، ْ َ َ : ُ َ َ

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 GRAMMATICAL BREAKDOWN

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Grammar rules - The definite article

َ ُ
→ The definite article (‫ )ا ْل‬is called (‫ ) َح ْرف ت ْع ف‬in Arabic
َ
→ It is prefixed to an ism (noun) that is indefinite (‫)ن ِ َرة‬
َ َ
→ It causes the ism (noun) to become definite (‫)م ْعرفة‬
→ It causes the tanween at the end of the ism to be dropped
→ It can be translated as ‘the’ in English although it has other
functions that will become clear at a later stage inshaaAllah.

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 Grammar rules - The definite article

ْ ‫طبَ ُخ ْن ال َم‬
‫طبَ ُخ‬ ْ ‫ط َب ُخ ْن ال َم‬
ْ ‫طبَ ٌخ َم‬
ْ ‫َم‬

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Grammar rules - The definite article

ْ ‫ال َم‬
‫ط َب ُخ‬ ْ ‫َم‬
‫ط َب ٌخ‬
ُ‫ال َب ْيت‬ ٌ ‫َبي‬
‫ْت‬
ُ‫اﻷ َ ِري َكة‬ ٌ‫أَ ِر ْي َكة‬

‫ال ُك ْر ِس ﱡ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُك ْر ِش ﱞ‬
‫ي‬

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 Grammar rules - The sun and moon letters

→ There are 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet

‫ُ ُ ُ ﱠ‬
→ 14 are solar letters ‫وف الش ْم ِس ﱠ ة‬‫الحر‬
َ ُ ُ ُ
→ 14 are lunar ‫وف الق َم ﱠ ة‬‫الحر‬
→ In the articulation of the Solar Letters the tip or the blade of
the tongue is involved in the pronunciation.
→ The tip or the blade of the tongue does NOT play any part in
the articulation of the Lunar Letters.

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

21

Grammar rules - The sun and moon letters

→ When ‫ال‬is ْ prefixed to an ism beginning with a Solar Letter

the laam of ‘al’ is NOT pronounced but is written, and the
first letter after the laam takes a shaddah.
→ For example:
ُ‫ ال ﱠش ْمس‬ash-shamsu

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 Grammar rules - The sun and moon letters

→ When ‫ ا ْل‬is prefixed to an ism beginning with a Lunar Letter

the laam of ‘al’ is pronounced and written.
→ For example:
ُ َ َ
(‫ )القمر‬al-qamaru

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23

Grammar rules - Connecting Hamza

ُ َ
→ In the definite particle ‫ا ْل‬, the (‫ )ا‬is known as ‫( ه ْم َزة ال َو ْصل‬the
Connecting Hamzah).
→ If it is NOT preceded by a word it will be pronounced with a
fathah vowel.
→ If it IS preceded by a word it is dropped in pronunciation
even though it remains in writing.

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 Grammar rules - Connecting Hamza

ٌ َْ َ َُ َ َ ٌ َ َ ُ ْ َْ
→ For example:

‫اﻷر ة ق ِد مة وال ِخزانة ج ِد دة‬

Here the alif is NOT pronounced. You skip it completely. So you go from the ‘waw’
straight to the ‘laam’

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ُ‫ش ْم ِسيﱠة‬
‫وف ال ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ال ُح ُر‬
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 ‫ظ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬
‫ط‬ ‫ت‬
‫ض‬ ‫ث‬
‫سيﱠةُ‬
‫وف الش ْﱠم ِ‬
‫ال ُح ُر ُ‬
‫د‬
‫ص‬
‫ذ‬
‫ش‬ ‫ر‬
‫س‬ ‫ز‬
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‫الت ﱠ ْم ُر ‪:‬ت َ ْم ٌر‬ ‫ت‬

‫الث ﱡ ْعبَا ُن ‪:‬ث ُ ْعبَا ٌن‬ ‫ث‬
‫الد ﱠﱠرا َجةُ‪:‬د ﱠَرا َجةٌ‬ ‫د‬
‫الذﱡ َرةُ ‪:‬ذُ َرةٌ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ف‬
‫‪:‬ر ﱞ‬
‫ف َ‬‫الر ﱡ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ر‬
‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

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 ‫‪:‬ز َرافةٌ‬‫الز َرافةُ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ز‬
‫س َم ٌك‬ ‫س ال ﱠ‬
‫س َم ُك ‪َ :‬‬
‫س‬
‫ش ْم ٌ‬‫س‪َ :‬‬‫ش ْم ُ‬ ‫ش ال ﱠ‬
‫ص ْنبُ ٌ‬
‫ور‬ ‫ص ْنبُ ُ‬
‫ور ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ص ال ﱡ‬
‫‪:‬ض ْف َد ٌ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ع ِ‬‫ض ْف َد ُ‬
‫ض ال ِ ّ‬
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‫طا ِولَةٌ‬
‫ط ال ﱠطا ِولَةُ ‪َ :‬‬
‫ف‬ ‫ف‪َ :‬‬
‫ظ ْر ٌ‬ ‫ظ ْر ُ‬ ‫ظ ال ﱠ‬
‫ل اللﱠ َب ُن ‪َ :‬ل َب ٌن‬
‫ن النﱠ ِم ُر ‪:‬نَ ِم ٌر‬

‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
 ‫وف القَ َم ِريﱠةُ‬
‫ال ُح ُر ُ‬
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‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬

‫م‬
‫أ‬
‫ك‬
‫وف‬
‫ال ُح ُر ُ‬ ‫ب‬
‫ق‬ ‫القَ َم ِريﱠ ِة‬
‫ج‬
‫ف‬
‫غ‬ ‫ح‬
‫ع‬ ‫خ‬
‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

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 ‫س ُد ‪:‬أَ َ‬
‫س ٌد‬ ‫اﻷ َ َ‬ ‫أ‬
‫اب‬‫اب ‪:‬بَ ٌ‬ ‫ب البَ ُ‬
‫ج ال َج َم ُل ‪َ :‬ج َم ٌل‬
‫ط ‪َ :‬حا ِئ ٌ‬
‫ط‬ ‫ح ال َحا ِئ ُ‬
‫س ‪َ :‬خ ﱞ‬
‫س‬ ‫خ ال َخ ﱡ‬
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‫ع ْي ٌن‬‫ع العَ ْي ُن ‪َ :‬‬

‫غ ْرفَةٌ‬ ‫غ الغُ ْرفَةُ ‪ُ :‬‬
‫س ‪:‬فَ َر ٌ‬
‫س‬ ‫ف الفَ َر ُ‬
‫ق القَ َم ُر ‪:‬قَ َم ٌر‬
‫ال َك َر ُز ‪َ :‬ك َر ٌز‬ ‫ك‬
‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

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 ‫ب ‪َ :‬م ْكتَ ٌ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ال َم ْكتَ ُ‬ ‫م‬
‫الهﻼَ ُل ‪ِ :‬هﻼَ ٌل‬‫ِ‬ ‫ه‬
‫‪:‬ولَ ٌد‬
‫الولَ ُد َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫و‬
‫اليَ ْو ُم ‪:‬يَ ْو ٌم‬ ‫ي‬

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‫‪Grammar rules - Nominal Sentence‬‬

‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ال ُج ْملة ِاﻹ ْس ِم ﱠ ة‬

‫َ‬
‫الخ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ََ‬
‫الم ْبتدأ‬

‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 ََ ُ
Grammar rules - Al-mubtada’ ( ‫)الم ْبتدأ‬

ََ ُ
What is Al-mubtada (‫?)الم ْبتدأ‬

→ ‫ المبتدأ‬is from the Arabic word ‫ اﻻبتداء‬which means the beginning

or starting, and primarily it comes at the beginning of the
sentence.
→ Mubtada is basically an ism (noun) that is the subject of
discussion.

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

37

Grammar rules- Characteristics of mubtada’

→ Mubtada is marfoo’ meaning that when the noun is singular it

takes a dhammah or dhammataan on the last letter of the noun.
ٌ َْ َ ُ َ َ
→ For example: ( ‫)الح ِد قة( )ح ِد قة‬
→ Mubtada usually precedes khabar (predicate/news)
→ Mubtada is usually definite

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 Grammar rules - What is al-khabar

What is alkhabar?
→ Gives information about the mubtada which makes the
sentence complete
→ Is marfoo’ meaning that when the noun is singular it takes a
dhammah or dhammataan on the last letter of the ism.
ٌ َ ُ َ
→ For example: (‫الب ْ ت( )ب ْ ت‬ )
→ Usually comes after the mubtada

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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Grammar rules - What is al-khabar

What is alkhabar?
→ The khabar is usually indefinite
→ The khabar usually matches the gender of the mubtada. So if
the mubtada is masculine then khabar will be masculine and if
the mubtada is feminine then khabar will be feminine. We will
learn more about this later when we learn adjectives (describing
nouns) inshaaAllah.

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

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 ‫‪Grammar rules - An example of a nominal sentence‬‬

‫ُ ْ ُ ْ ﱠُ‬
‫الجملة اﻹس ِم ة‬
‫اب ُم ْغلقٌ‬
‫ال َ ُ‬

‫َخ َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ُم ْبتدأ‬

‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

‫‪41‬‬

‫‪Grammar rules - More examples of nominal sentences‬‬

‫ال ُك ْر ِس ﱡ‬
‫ي بَ ِعي ٌد‬ ‫ال ِت ّ ْلفَ ُ‬
‫از قَ ِر ٌ‬
‫يب‬
‫طا ِولَةُ ُمت ﱠ ِس َخةٌ‬
‫ال َ‬ ‫يف‬
‫ب ن َِظ ٌ‬ ‫ال َم ْكت َ ُ‬
‫اﻷ َ ِري َكةُ قَدِي َمةٌ‬ ‫الخزَ انَةُ َجدِي َدة ٌ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اب ُم ْغلَ ٌق‬
‫البَ ُ‬ ‫اب َم ْفتُو ٌح‬
‫البَ ُ‬

‫‪Level 1 - Week 1 - L3‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 NEW VOCABULARY

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

43

Vocabulary

‫ذَ ِل َك‬ That (masucline) ‫َم ْفتُو ٌح‬ Opened

‫تِ ْل َك‬ That (feminine) ‫ُم ْغلَ ٌق‬ Closed
‫ُمتﱠ ِس ٌخ‬ Dirty ‫قَدِي ٌم‬ Old
‫يف‬
ٌ ‫ن َِظ‬ Clean ‫َجدِي ٌد‬ New
‫يب‬ٌ ‫قَ ِر‬ Close
‫بَ ِعي ٌد‬ Far away

Level 1 - Week 1 - L3

44