Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DR.WEERAWAT KHAWSUK
RANGSIT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
What is process design?
Time in the process will be longer than the sum of all transforming
activities
Items moving through the process and resources performing may not
be fully utilized
MICRO PROCESS OBJECTIVES
• Throughput rate (flow rate) is the rate at which items emerge from
the process.
• Cycle time is the time between items emerging from the process. It
is the reciprocal of the throughput rate.
• Throughput time is the average elapsed time taken for inputs to
move through the process and become outputs
• Work-in-process (WIP) or process inventory is the number of items
in the process, as an average over time.
• Utilization of process resources is the proportion of available time
that the resources within the process are performing useful work
OPERATIONS IN PRACTICE
READ PAGE 183 ON “FAST (BUT NOT TOO FAST) FOOD
DRIVE-THROUGHS”
Standardization means doing things in the same way
or adopting a common sequence of activities,
methods, and use of equipment
Ex: Management
Staff are given consultants, lawyers,
discretion in servicing architects, surgeons,
customers auditors, health and
safety inspectors
SERVICE SHOPS
It has levels of volume and variety
Work content
% Throughput efficiency = X 100%
Throughput time
It will dictate the rate at which the whole process can operate
OPERATIONS IN PRACTICE
READ PAGE 202 ON “LONDON’S UNDERGROUND TACKLES A BOTTLENECK”
Allocating work to process stages must
respect the precedence of the
individual tasks
BALANCING
The most common way of showing task
WORK TIME precedence is by using a precedence
ALLOCATION diagram
This is a representation of the ordering
of the elements
WORKED EXAMPLE: KARLSTAD KAKES
ARRANGING THE STAGES
• All the stages necessary to fulfill requirements may not be
arranged in a sequential single-line
• The process can be organized as a single long-thin (sequential), or
short-fat (parallel), or in-between
• Advantages of the long-thin arrangement include:
• Controlled flow of items
• Simple handling
• Lower capital requirements
• More efficient operation
ARRANGING THE STAGES