PROJECT TITLE:

“Design and Implementation of a Dual Flush Button System for Water Conservation in
Toilets”

Images:
DESIGN SOLUTION & FUNCTIONS:
A dual flush button is a type of flushing system for toilets that provides users with two
options for flushing. Typically, there are two buttons on the toilet tank or bowl lid - one for a
partial flush and one for a full flush. The partial flush uses less water and is designed for
liquid waste, while the full flush uses more water and is intended for solid waste. By using
less water for liquid waste, dual flush buttons can help conserve water and reduce overall
water usage in households and buildings.

Dimensions:
The dimensions of a dual flush button in a toilet can vary depending on the
manufacturer and model, but they are typically between 1.5 and 2.5 inches (3.8 to
6.4 centimeters) in diameter. The buttons are usually positioned on top of the toilet
tank or on the bowl lid and are spaced about 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.2 centimeters)
apart. However, it's important to note that these dimensions can vary depending on
the specific design and brand of the toilet.

Key Features:
❖ Water Efficiency: The primary purpose of a dual flush button is to reduce water
consumption by providing users with two flushing options - a low-volume flush for
liquid waste and a high-volume flush for solid waste. This can result in significant
water savings over time.
❖ Easy to Use: Dual flush buttons are typically easy to use and require minimal effort to
operate. Most buttons are located on top of the toilet tank or on the bowl lid and are
labeled to indicate which button to press for each type of flush.
❖ Environmental Benefits: By conserving water, dual flush buttons can help reduce the
strain on local water resources and minimize the environmental impact of wastewater
treatment.
❖ Cost Savings: Using less water can also result in cost savings on utility bills over time,
making dual-flush toilets a cost-effective choice for homes and businesses.
❖ Improved Hygiene: Some dual flush buttons are designed to be touchless, which can
help improve hygiene and reduce the spread of germs in public restrooms.
❖ Stylish Design: Many manufacturers offer a range of styles and finishes for dual flush
buttons, allowing users to choose a design that complements their bathroom décor.
Overall, the key features of a dual flush button in a toilet are water efficiency, ease of
use, environmental benefits, cost savings, improved hygiene, and stylish design.

Design Solution:
➢ Two-Button Design: The most common design for a dual flush button system is a two-
button design, with one button for a partial flush and one button for a full flush. The
 buttons are typically located on top of the toilet tank or on the bowl lid and are
labeled to indicate which button to press for each type of flush.
➢ Touchless Design: Some dual flush buttons are designed to be touchless, using a
sensor to detect when a user is nearby and automatically initiating the appropriate
flush. This can help improve hygiene and reduce the spread of germs in public
restrooms.
➢ Integrated Design: Many modern toilets are designed with an integrated dual flush
button system built directly into the toilet itself. This can provide a sleek, minimalist
look and save space in the bathroom.
Functions:
The main function of a dual flush button in a toilet is to provide users with two
options for flushing - a low-volume flush for liquid waste and a high-volume flush for
solid waste. This can help conserve water and reduce overall water usage, which can
result in cost savings and environmental benefits.
Here are some of the functions based on a dual flush button in a toilet:

• Partial Flush: The partial flush function on a dual flush button is designed to
use less water than a traditional single flush toilet, typically around 0.8 to 1.1
gallons (3 to 4 liters) per flush. This function is intended for flushing liquid
waste only, such as urine.
• Full Flush: The full flush function on a dual flush button uses more water than
the partial flush, typically around 1.6 gallons (6 liters) per flush. This function is
intended for flushing solid waste.
• Water Savings: The main function of a dual flush button in a toilet is to help
conserve water and reduce overall water usage. According to the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), dual-flush toilets can save up to 68%
more water than traditional single-flush toilets.
• Environmental Benefits: By using less water, dual flush buttons can help reduce
the strain on local water resources and minimize the environmental impact of
wastewater treatment.
• Cost Savings: Using less water can also result in cost savings on utility bills over
time, making dual flush toilets a cost-effective choice for homes and
businesses.
• Improved Hygiene: Some dual flush buttons are designed to be touchless,
which can help improve hygiene and reduce the spread of germs in public
restrooms.
Overall, the functions of a dual flush button in a toilet are to conserve water,
reduce water usage, save money, and minimize the environmental impact of
wastewater treatment.
DESIGN PRINCIPLE:
1. Usability: The design of the dual flush button should be intuitive and easy to use,
with clear labeling and placement that makes it easy for users to understand which
button to press for each type of flush.
2. Accessibility: The dual flush button should be accessible to all users, regardless of
their physical abilities or limitations. This can include considerations such as button
size, placement, and visibility.
3. Aesthetics: The design of the dual flush button should complement the overall
aesthetics of the toilet and bathroom. This can include considerations such as color,
finish, and style.
4. Sustainability: The design of the dual flush button should be environmentally
sustainable, using materials and technologies that minimize waste and reduce the
overall environmental impact of the toilet.
5. Durability: The design of the dual flush button should be durable and long-lasting,
able to withstand repeated use over time without breaking or malfunctioning.
6. Hygiene: The design of the dual flush button should be hygienic, minimizing the
spread of germs and bacteria in public restrooms through features such as touchless
sensors or easy-to-clean surfaces.
Overall, the design principle for a dual flush button in a toilet should prioritize usability,
accessibility, aesthetics, sustainability, durability, and hygiene.

BENIFITES:
o Environmentally friendly dual flush toilets are easy to use and environmentally
friendly. Choose a low-volume flush for liquid waste by pushing a button or pulling a
lever and protecting the environment.
o Cost effective A low-volume flush can cut the water usage required for flushing in
half and yield savings in just a few months. While most people don't notice the
difference at first, they will realize how cost-effective the mechanism is once they
examine their water bills at the end of the year
o Easy to maintain Dual flush toilets are low-maintenance fixtures, and homeowners
don't have to worry about recurring clogs or reaching for a plunger. Because the
underlying mechanism is so effective, these toilets can do their jobs for years while
requiring virtually no repairs.
CONCLUSION:
➢ This study has also shown that greater than 80% of the water savings achieved was
either directly or indirectly related to the installation of water-efficient toilets. Even if
the reduced leakage is not considered toilets still account for more than 67% of the
total savings 4.
➢ The additional water savings that has been achieved by installing dual-flush toilets vs.
conventional 6- litre toilets in this building has been estimated to be approximately
28.6%.

REFERENCES:
1. International Plumbing Code (IPC): The IPC provides guidelines for the design,
installation, and maintenance of plumbing systems, including toilets and flush
mechanisms.
2. American with Disabilities Act (ADA): The ADA provides guidelines for making public
restrooms accessible to people with disabilities, including toilet design and flush
mechanism requirements.
3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The EPA provides water conservation and
sustainable water management information and resources, including guidelines for
designing water-efficient toilets and flush mechanisms.
4. International Organization for Standardization (ISO): The ISO provides standards for
the design, manufacture, and testing of a wide range of products, including plumbing
fixtures and fittings.
5. Manufacturer Specifications: When designing a dual flush button for a specific toilet
model, it's important to consult the manufacturer's specifications and installation
instructions to ensure that the design is compatible and meets the required
standards.