2nd Assignment

2.13 Zn diffusion in GaAs

Scratch Zn-doped region

2x10-4cm
50x10-4cm

Gallium Arsenide

A scratch on gallium arsenide surface causes zinc to diffuse into

the arsenide. “The small pulse may spread” at 850˚C. If the zinc
concentration increase to 10 % of the maximum at 4· 10- 4 cm away
from the scratch, the device is ruined. How long can we bake the
device?
1/2
2/2
2.13

1/2
2/2
1/2
2/2
2.13

Should the problem be treated as a decaying pulse?

Scratch Zn-doped region

2x10-4cm
50x10-4cm

Gallium Arsenide
2.13
What is implied if treating the diffusion of Zn as a pulse?

If we use the result

(2.4-14)

then the total amount of Zn in the

initial pulse is fixed

(2.4-7)

What if Zn can be easily replenished

in the scratch affected area?
2.13
Treat the diffusion of Zn from the pulse as
diffusion in semi-infinite slabs.

Assuming constant Zn concentration beneath the scratch at high

temperature, so:

According to conditions given, we have

From error function table erf(ζ)=0.9 → ζ=1.16, so

→ t= 2974sec ≈ 50 min

What do you think of this solution?

2.14 NaCl Concentration profile in Fick’s setup

1.0
2.14

1/3
2.14

2/3
2.14

3/3

……
2.14

1/2
2.14

2/2
2.14

1/3
2.14

2/3
3/3
2.14

1/3
2/3
?

3/3
3.1 The total flux and the diffusion flux of CO2
in a capillary

y1l ≈ 0

Dry ice sublimation

What is ratio n1/j1 in the middle at different T ?

3.1

1/2
2/2
3.1

1/2
2/2
3.1

1/2
?

2/2
……..
3.7 Diffusion of O2 through a membrane

Find: Henry's law coefficient H

Diffusion coefficient D
3.7
3.7
? 1/2
2/2
1/2
2/2
1/2
2/2
 3.12 The diffusion experiment by Graham

Calculate the solute concentration in the bath as a

function of time, and show how this variation can be
used to determine the diffusion coefficient.
 ?

3.12
3.12

1/2
3.12

2/2
3.12

1/2
2/2
Small bottle

Large beaker
Assumptions used in solving P3.12

See the small bottle as semi-infinite slab.

Solute concentration at the opening of the small bottle is zero,

but the C in the large vessel changes with time.

No convective flow in the small bottle, but total mixing in the

large vessel

If you are to measure D using Graham’s

method, what factors should you take care
of to ensure accurate result?
Review of Chapter 4 & 5
What is dispersion?

From a dictionary:
To disperse -- to spread over a wide area
to scatter in different directions
to cause to vanish

From the book (pp96)

“effect caused by the coupling of concentration
differences and fluid flow.”
How is DISPERSION related to DIFFUSION?

Results are often similar:

“Dispersion is a form of mixing.”
Diffusion often leads to mixing.

Dispersion involves diffusion on a microscopic

level

Both are described with similar mathematics,

both coefficients have same dimensions
How is DISPERSION distinguished from
DIFFUSION?
Dispersion can be much faster than diffusion
(details not understood)

Dispersion coefficient is “largely independent of

chemistry”, “a strong function of position”and
“have different values in different directions.”

The two have different causes: one by random

molecular motion, one by ∆C and flow.
What is the magnitude of D in gas, liquid and solid phase?

Gas phase: ~0.1 cm2/s

Liquid phase: ~10-5 cm2/s
Solid phase: 10-8~10-30 cm2/s

Can D be estimated theoretically?

Yes in gases and liquids.

(e.g. Chapman-Enskog eq. , Stocks-Einstein eq.)

Not in solids.( though some eq. suggested.)

When choosing a method to measure D,
what factors need to be considered?

Accuracy
Cost
Convenience
Availability
……
Home works

Problems in Chapter4:1, 2; Chapter 5: 2, 7

(Hand in by 27 March, 2019)

Try to think of a practical method of experiment

so that the problem of “Steady diffusion across
a falling film” can be tested. (pp,42, §2.5.1)