HMT-Answer Key-ESE - Final

Question Paper Code: 211221MD11
Register Number:
END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS DECEMBER– 2023

BE (ME) - PROGRAMME
21MD11 / HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
PART- A (10 X 2 = 20 marks)
Answer ALL the questions
Course Blooms
Questions
S. No. Outcomes Level
Differentiate between thermal conductivity and heat
1. CO1 K1
transfer coefficient.
Thermal conductivity is the ability of a particular material to conduct heat through
itself. Heat transfer coefficient, on the other hand, is the proportionality constant
between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat.
2. Distinguish between laminar and turbulent flow. CO1 K1
Laminar flows are smooth and streamlined, whereas turbulent flows are irregular and
chaotic. A low Reynolds number indicates laminar flow while a high Reynolds number
indicates turbulent flow.
Explain clearly the concept of velocity and thermal
3. CO2 K2
boundary layer.
 The region defined by the velocity gradient where the flow velocity is distributed
among the different fluid layers is called the velocity boundary layer.
 The thermal boundary layer is the region of fluid flow defined by the temperature
gradient formed due to the thermal energy exchange among the adjacent layers.
(2x1=2marks)
Write down any four assumptions made in boiling and
4. CO2 K1
condensation.
 liquid-to-vapor and vapor-to-liquid phase transformations
 depend on the latent heat of vaporization hfg of the fluid and the surface tension
at the liquid vapor interface, in addition to the properties of the fluid in each
phase.
 a constant temperature and constant pressure process
 it is necessary to maintain some difference between the surface temperature
Ts and Ts at for effective heat transfer. (1/2x4=2marks)
Explain the following terms as applied to heat
5. CO3 K1
exchangers.
Page 1 of 14
i) LMTD Correction factor:
The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) correction factor, F, is traditionally
expressed in terms of two non-dimensional parameters P=t 2 - t 1/T 1-t 1, and R=T
1 - T 2/t 2 - t 1 in form of charts as the underlying equations are complicated.
ii) Fouling factor:
The fouling factor represents the theoretical resistance to heat flow due to a build-up
of a layer of dirt or other fouling substance on the tube surfaces of the heat
exchanger, but they are often overstated by the end user in an attempt to minimize
the frequency of cleaning. (2x1=2marks)
Write down the difference between natural convection
6. CO3 K2
and forced convection with examples.
 In natural convection, any fluid motion is caused by natural means such as the
buoyancy effect, i.e. the rise of warmer fluid and fall the cooler fluid.
 Whereas in forced convection, the fluid is forced to flow over a surface or in a tube
by external means such as a pump or fan. (2x1=2marks)
7. State the ficks law of diffusion. CO4 K2
 Fick's law states that the rate of diffusion of a substance across unit area (such as
a surface or membrane) is proportional to the concentration gradient.
8. Explain the following terms. CO4 K2
i) Solid angle:
Solid Angle (or) Angle of vision. • Qualitatively the interception of radiation from
an area element. of a surface by another surface of finite size can be visualized in
terms of the angle of vision, which is the solid angle subtended by the finite
surface at the radiating element.
ii) Irradiation:
Exposure to radiation (such as X-rays or alpha particles) 2. : The application of
radiation (such as X-rays or gamma rays) for therapeutic purposes or for
sterilization (as of food) also : partial or complete sterilization by irradiation.
A 0.5 diameter pipe (e=0.9) carrying steam has a surface
temperature of 500K. The pipe is located in a large room
9. CO5 K4
at 300K. Determine the radiation heat loss from the pipe
per unit length.
Solution
Diameter = 0.5 m
Ts=500K
T∞=27oC=300K
Combined heat transfer : (Q)=(h) combined. A×(Ts−T∞)
=39×π×d×L×(500−300)
QL=39×π×0.5×200=12.247kW
Combined heat transfer = 12.247 kW/m
Page 2 of 14
10. Explain the following term. CO5 K2
i) Planck distribution law:
It states that electromagnetic radiation from heated bodies is not emitted as a
continuous flow but is made up of discrete units or quanta of energy, the size of
which involves a fundamental physical constant (Planck’s constant)
ii) Stefan Boltzmann law:
The constant is based on Stefan-Boltzmann's law, which states that the radiant
heat energy emitted from a unit area of the black body in one second (E) is directly
proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature, or E = σ x T4.
PART - B (5x16 = 80 marks)
Answer ALL the questions
Outcomes
Blooms
Course
Marks
Level
S. No. Questions
11. A double glazed window is made of 2 glass panes of 6mm thick

each an air gap of 6mm between them. Assuming that the air layer
is stagnant and only conduction is involved, determine the
thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient. The inside CO1 16 K4
is exposed to convection with h=1.5 W/m2K. Compare the values
with that of a single glass of 12 mm thickness. The conductivity of
the glass = 1.4 W/mK and that for air is 0.025 W/mK.
Diagram-2 Marks
Formula-4-Marks
Substitution-4 Marks
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solution-2 Marks
(OR)
Page 3 of 14
12. A long cylinder of radius 15 cm initially at 30ºC is exposed over
the surface to gases at 600ºC with a convective heat transfer
coefficient of 65 W/m2K. Using the following property values
determine the temperature at the center, mid radius and CO1 16 K4
outside surface after 20 minutes. Density = 3550 kg/m3,
sp.heat=5856J/kgK, conductivity = 19.5 W/m-K. Also calculate
the heat flow.
Diagram-2 Marks
Formula-4-Marks
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solution-2 Marks
 Fourier's Law of heat conduction, which is given by:
Q = -kA(Th-Tc)/d.
 Considering the entire length of the cylinder as the heat
conduction path,
 Temperature difference Th-Tc = 600-30 = 570°C,
 Thermal conductivity k = 19.5 W/mK,
 Cross-sectional area A = pi*(0.15 m) ².
 Substituting these values will give the heat flow.
13. Water flows over a flat plate having a uniform heat generation CO2 16 K4
rate. The plate is 15 cm × 15 cm side. Water is at 20°C and the
flow velocity is 3 m/s. Determine the heat that may be carried
away by the water if the maximum temperature of the plate is
not to exceed 80°C.
Page 4 of 14
6. Average heat transfer coefficient (h):

h =2 ´hx =2 ´6.20
h =12.41 W / m2K
7. Heat transfer:
We know that,
Q =h A(Tw -T¥)
= 12.41´(1 ´0.3) (80-20) Q = 23.38 Watts
Formulas-6-Marks
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
(OR)
Page 5 of 14
14. Saturated steam at 80ºC condenses as a film on a vertical plate CO2 16 K4
at a temperature of 70ºC. Calculate the average heat transfer
coefficient and the rate of condensation. Assume that the
latent heat of vaporization at 80ºC as 2309kJ/kg.
Formulas used-6-Marks
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
Page 6 of 14
15. Derive an expression for effectiveness by NTU Method for CO3 16 K4
Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger.
Page 7 of 14
Minimum-10 Equations- 16 Marks

Minimum- 8 Equations- 16 Marks
(OR)
16. Explain the Pool boiling regimes with neat sketch. CO3 16 K2
Diagram- 8 Marks
Explanation- 6 Marks
Equation-2 Marks
Page 8 of 14
17. The radiation shape factor of the circular surface of a thin CO4 16 K3
hollow cylinder of 10 cm diameter and 10 cm length is 0.1716.
What is the shape factor of the curved surface of the cylinder
with respect to itself?
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
Page 9 of 14
(OR)
18. A well is 40 m deep and 9 m dia and the atmospheric CO4 16 K4
temperature is 25ºC. The air at the top is having a relative
humidity of 50%. Determine the rate of diffusion of water
vapour through the well D=2.58 x 10-5 m2/s.
Page 10 of 14
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
Page 11 of 14
19. The molecular weights of the two components A and B of a CO5 16 K4
gas mixture are 24 and 28 respectively. The molecular weight
of a gas mixture is found to be 30. If the mass concentration of
the mixture is 1.2 kg/m3, Find i) Molar fractions ii) Mass
fractions.
Page 12 of 14
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
Page 13 of 14
(OR)
20. Determine the rate of heat lost by radiation from a steel tube of CO5 16 K4
outside diameter 70 mm and 3 m long at a temperature of
227ºC if the tube is located within a square brick conduit of 0.3
m side and at 27ºC take ‘e’ value for esteel = 0.79 and ebrick =
0.93.
Step Marks-4 Marks
Solutions-2 Marks
Faculty Incharge HoD/Mech
Page 14 of 14

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Question Paper Code: 211221MD11

END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS DECEMBER– 2023

11. A double glazed window is made of 2 glass panes of 6mm thick

6. Average heat transfer coefficient (h):

Minimum-10 Equations- 16 Marks

Faculty Incharge HoD/Mech

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