boils at 50oC (latent heat = 600 kcal/kg.).
Calculate the Printed Pages—4
steam consumption rate and heat transfer area. Take
overall heat transfer coefficient 1800 kcal/h m2 oC; specific
heat of all solutions can be taken as that of water.
(c) Write notes on pool boiling. Draw a neat sketch of boiling
curve and explain various boiling regimes. Differentiate
pool boiling and nucleate boiling.
5. Answer any two parts of the following : (10×2=20)
(a) Nitrogen gas is to be heated at a rate of 20000 kg/h in a
finned tube heat exchanger. Steam available at 5.7 bar
condenses within the tubes of the exchanger. The heat
duty is 38700 kcal/h. The specific heat of the gas may be
taken as 0.239 kcal/kgoC. Calculate the inlet and outlet
temperatures of the gas if the heat transfer area is 10 m2,
overall heat transfer coefficient is 70 kcal/h m2 oC and the
fin efficiency is 63%.
(b) Explain the working of a 2, 4 shell and tube heat exchanger
with the help of a neat diagram. Mention at least 5 parts of
a shell and tube heat exchanger and state their main
characteristics.
(c) Water at the rate of 4 kg/s is heated from 35 to 55oC in a
shell and tube heat exchanger. On the shell side one pass
is used with water at the heating fluid, 2 kg/s entering the
exchanger at 95oC. The overall heat transfer coefficient is
1420 W/m2o C and the average water velocity in the
20 mm dia tubes is 0.4 m/s. Calculate the number of tubes
and the length of the tubes.
ECH402/DQJ-21795 4 275
ECH402
(Following Paper ID and Roll No. to be filled in your Answer Book)
PAPER ID : 151406 Roll No.
B.Tech.
(SEM. IV) THEORY EXAMINATION 2013-14
HEAT TRANSFER
Time : 3 Hours Total Marks : 100
Note :– Attempt all questions. Assume suitable values for missing
data, if any.
1. Answer any four parts of the following : (5×4=20)
(a) State and prove Fourier's law of heat conduction. Write
the expressions for thermal resistance of a wall, an annular
cylinder and a spherical shell.
(b) The temperature distribution in a wall 0.25 m thick is given
by T(oC) = 250 + bx – cx2 where x (in meter) is the position
of a point with respect to the surface of the wall which is
at higher temperature. The thermal conductivity of the wall
is 5.95 W/moC. If the rate of heat loss from the surface at
x = 0.25 is 500 W/m2, and the surface at x = 0, is insulated,
calculate the average temperature of the wall.
(c) A substance has a temperature dependent thermal
conductivity k(W/moC) = 0.45 + 8.1 × 10–4T + bT2 where
b = 6.2 × 10–7 and T is in oC. What is the unit of the
coefficient b ? Find the thermal conductivity of the material
at 800oC. Calculate the average thermal conductivity over
the temperature range 600oC to 800oC.
ECH402/DQJ-21795 1 [Turn Over
 (d) Derive 3-dimensional heat conduction equation for a
rectangular block.
(e) Write notes and derive related equation for lumped heat
capacity system.
(f) Derive the equation for critical radius of insulation over a
cylindrical pipe.
2. Answer any two parts of the following : (10×2=20)
(a) Compare forced and free convection; derive the
temperature distribution for steady state force convection
taking place in a vertical tube.
(b) A bearing piece in the form of half of a hollow cylinder of
60 mm i.d., 90 mm o.d. and 100 mm long is to be cooled to
–100oC from 30oC using a cryogenic gas at –150oC with a
convection coefficient of 70 W/m2K; if density of the
material is 8900 kg/m3, specific heat is 444 J/kg.K and
thermal conductivity is 17.2 W/m.K, determine the time
required.
(c) By dimensional analysis derive a relationship for heat
transfer coefficient h for forced convection between a
surface and the fluid on the assumption that h is a function
of following variables :
K : Thermal conductivity of the fluid
C p : Specific heat of the fluid
 : Density of the fluid
 : Viscosity of the fluid
d : Dia. of the pipe
m : Mass flow rate of the fluid.
ECH402/DQJ-21795 2 ECH402/DQJ-21795
3. Answer any two parts of the following : (10×2=20)
(a) Explain the term black body and its properties. If two
large parallel planes with emissivities 1 and 2 respectively
are maintained at temperatures of T1 and T2 respectively,
derive the expression for heat transfer rate per unit area.
(b) Write notes on view factor algebra. How does a radiation
shield affect the heat transfer between two planes ? Explain
with the help of neat diagram and equations.
(c) The wall of a cold storage room consists of three layers :
an outer layer of ordinary bricks (25 mm thick); a middle
layer of cork (10 mm thick) and an inner layer of cement
(6 mm thick). The temperature of the outer surface of the
wall is 30oC and the inner surface is at –15oC. Calculate :
(i) the steady state rate of heat gain per unit area of the
wall (ii) the temperature at the interfaces of the composite
wall (iii) the % of total heat transfer resistance offered
by the individual layers. Thermal conductivity of brick,
cork and cement are 0.7 W/mo C , 0.043 W/moC and
0.72 W/moC respectively.
4. Answer any two parts of the following : (10×2=20)
(a) Explain the terms 'economy' and 'capacity' for evaporators.
Explain the different methods of feeding a multiple effect
evaporator system and compare their advantages and
disadvantages. Draw a neat sketch of any one type of
evaporator.
(b) A single effect evaporator is to be designed to concentrate
10000 kg/h of a solution having 20% to 40% solids by
weight. Feed enters at 30o C, saturated steam at 110o C
having 540 kcal/kg latent heat is available. The solution
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