Mass Transfer Processes

传 质 过 程

王宇新
化工学院 化学工程研究所
国家重点化学工程实验室
天津市膜科学与海水淡化重点实验室
Yuxin Wang (王宇新）

Education: Bachelor, Master, PhD degree, TJU

Appointment in TJU:
Professor
Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chem.Eng.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
Tianjin Key Lab. Seawater Desalination & Membrane Science
and Technology
Research:
Fuel Cells , Water Electrolysis, Membranes, Desalination
Teaching:
Mass Transfer Processes, Membrane Science,
Chem.Eng. Informatics, Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Mass Transfer Processes

Objectives of the Course:

Acquire knowledge
Build skills
Cultivate attitude
Prepare you for graduate research
Objectives of the Course?

Knowledge

* Scopes of mass transfer science

* Common research methods in

mass transfer

* Magnitude of diffusion coefficients

Objectives of the Course?

Skills

* Analyzing, Solving, Identifying,

Converting, Presenting Problems

* Estimating by reasonable simplification

and/or via inadequate data
 Why do we have to learn those?

Problem1（normal, adequate data）:

A car, at a speed of 100km/h, takes 2.5h to go from city A
to city B. What is the distance between the two cities?

Problem2（abnormal, inadequate data ）:

It usually takes me 8 h to walk from city A to city B. By
half of the time, I can drive from city A to city D. What is
the distance between city A and city B?
 Objectives of the Course?

Attitude

* Mass transfer can be used in a wide variety

of fields of applications

* Chemical engineers can and should contribute

in areas far beyond traditional chem. industry
Objectives of the Course?

Prepare you for research

* Getting used to self-learning.

* Acquiring data from other resources, Using

solutions already obtained by others.

* Choosing experiment method

(e.g. to determine diffusion coefficient)
The Textbook to Use
Diffusion_Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems
Edward L. Cussler

Ways to get it:

Download from the web
Borrow from the TJU library
Download from the “Mass Transfer”WeChat group
On the Author Ed. Cussler
On the Author Ed. Cussler

*Student (Ph.D.)of Prof. Lightfoot

(the L of “BSL”-Transport Phenomena)
*Professional consultant in diffusion in GB
*Popular lecturer
*World known expert in diffusion
*Chairman AIChE, Chairman AIEng
*Member, American Academy of Engineering

Ref.:Chem.Eng.Edu. 35(3)158 (2001)

 An outline of the development of chem ind and chem eng science
Teflon marketed by Du Pont Mathematical
DDT, a powerful pesticide, first produced Methods in
The importance of thermodynamics in Chem Eng edu stressed Chem Eng
Synthetic rubber (chloroprene rubber) mass produced published
Ethylene, the most important petrochemical produced
66
HN3 produced via Haber-Bosch process,
a first milestone 1943 44
1931
Chemical industry boomed 1923 1960
1913
1900~ Transport Phenomena published,
1923 marks the maturity of Chem Eng
Principles of Chemical Engineering Published,
1862 1888 marks the true beginning of Chem Eng
1850~
1800~ First bachelor's degree Chem Eng program at MIT
1791
1746 First synthetic plastic Celluloid was produced
First oil refinery built
Chemical industry begun
Soda ash, Na2CO3, was produced from NaCl via Leblanc Process
First industrial scale production of chemicals, H2SO4, made by Lead Chamber Process
About the Book
Informal style, lots of views and comments
Clear description, emphasis on physical
insight & basic concepts
Practical means for practical problems
Quick estimation using inadequate data
Extended from Chem.Eng. to Biotech.,
Enviro.Eng. …...
Unlike typical “Transport Processes / Phenomena”

Contain interesting information/ descriptions

that are enjoyable to read
On ions transport

e.g. Na+Cl-

Analogy between girl walking with grandpa and ions transport

Sample Problem
Minnesota gophers in underground burrows must breath,
and many have wondered where the O2 come from. One
model of these burrows depends on the assumption that it
is a long cylinder of radius R located at a short distance l
below the surface of the soil. O2 enters the burrow by
steady diffusion through the soil; it also steadily diffuses
along the burrow’s axis to a gopher, who uses O2 at a rate
M. Derive equations giving the steady-state concentration
of O2 as a function of position in the burrow.
Sample Problem

The best marathon in Minnesota is run by

Grandma's, a reformed brothel in Duluth. In the
1981 race, 3,202 persons finished. One-quarter
of the runners finished within 3 hr 6 min and
half within 3 hr 26 min. If I ran the race in 2 hr
54 min 42 sec, what place did I come in?
 Equations of dispersion in
a fluid and place in
marathon share the same
math form

Ed. Cussler used to be a regular runner.

 Sample Problem

Scratch Zn-doped region

A slight scratch on the surface of

GaAs causes a Zn dopant to diffuse 2x10-4cm
into the semiconductor. Apparently, 50x10-4cm
this occurs because the scratch
increases crystal defects and hence
the local diffusion coefficient. Gallium Arsenide
When these devices are later baked at
850˚C, the small pulse may spread,
for its diffusion coefficient at this
high temperature is about 10-11 cm2/sec. If it spreads enough to increase
the Zn concentration to 10 % of the maximum at
4x10-4 cm away from the scratch, the device is ruined. How long can
we bake the device?
 Sample Problem

In 1874, Louis Pasteur was asked by Napoleon III to

determine why opening a bottle of full-bodied red wine
hours before drinking gives the wine a more “mature”
flavor than the same wine when drunk right after opening.
Pasteur reported that the aging process has to do with a reaction
consuming O2. More recent researchers argued
that the aging involved O2 diffusion into the wine. They
used the O2 profile for unsteady diffusion in the wine and
claimed justification of Pasteur’s conclusions. (a)Write the
differential equation and boundary conditions for this
problem. (b) Solve this equation. …
The Way to Teach / Learn

Self-learning (with help)

Self-reading of the textbook

Homeworks

Classroom discussion: concepts, methods

homeworks, practical aspects of a problem….

Got questions?
The Way to Teach / Learn __Why?

Getting ready for complete self-learning

Team work / More effective learning

(Social Constructionist Pedagogy)

Very well written book, don’t have to choose

among a lot of textbooks
A directory of content and arrangement
Week Arrangement

9 Course description; Assignment: Chap.1& 2

10 Review Chap. 1&2, Assignment: Chap.3; Homework collection: Chap.2

11 Review Chap.3; Discussion:Chap.2 homework ; Assignment: Chap.4; H.C.:Chap.3

12* Review Chap.4; Discussion:Chap.3 homework ; Assignment: Chap.5; H.C.:Chap.4

13 Review Chap.5; Discussion:Chap.4 homework , H.C.:Chap.5

14 Discussion:Chap.5 homework

15 Questions and Answers

16 Exam./Class hour tests

* May 5th is the last day of Worker’s Day holiday, the class will be delayed to 10th May
Exam and your final score

*Final exam / class hour test (50%)

* Term / project report (50%)

*Homework by group
(count in individuals’ contribution)

*Classroom performance
General requirements

Share your opinions with the whole class

Ask right away when you do not understand
Point out promptly when you find a mistake
Study hard before the class, so that we can have
fruitful discussions in class hours.
You don’t have to arrive at correct answers,
but you should be able to raise questions.
On homework

Finish by a group (2~4 persons each)

Form groups, by your own choice.

Submit one piece for the group, indicate each member’s

contribution in % and sign by all.

You can also choose to finish by yourself.

(e.g. if you have difficulty communicating with others.)
Homework requirements
Typing, or clear and neat handwriting
State clearly your assumption and reasoning
Write down all key steps of your derivation or
calculation
Draw pictures to indicate coordinate axis,
concentration, concentration profile etc.
Welcome different opinions and different ways of
problem solving
Send HW as pictures or in DOC, PDF format before
deadline to mailbox: tjuwyx001@126.com
Other issues

Have not learned partial differential equations?

No enough data to solve your problem?
What if unable to reach a solution ?
Fail in the Exam?
Big “pain”, small “gain”?
"Education is what survives
when what has been learnt has been forgotten."

_B. F. Skinner
an American psychologist,
behaviorist, author, inventor,
and social philosopher.
Homework 1

Study Chapter 1 & 2

Problems in Chapter 2: 2, 4, 7

Submit to tjuwyx001@126.com
by April 21, 2020
 Homework 2

Watching video: An vivid example of how chemical engineers

solve problems with inadequate data

Introduction to Chemical Engineering（Episode 22）：

https://itunes.apple.com/cn/itunes-u/
introduction-to-chemical-engineering/id384233217
 Your self introduction
according to the order of the name list

• Your name, home country

• Where are you now? in Tianjin, or U country?
• Your bachelor's degree
• If you have studied Transport Phenomena
• If you have studied Chinese
• Other things you like to share, e.g. your hobby,
favorite sport, family….
Any questions ?