M02/ Télécommunication/ EE 416 Series # 1

Exercise #1
The electric field of an antenna is given by
( )
=
Calculate
(a) the direction of the maximum,
(b) the 3 dB beamwidth,
(c) the direction and level of the first side lobe,
(d) the number of nulls in the pattern.
(e) Plot the power pattern on a rectangular graph.
Exercise #2
The normalized radiation intensity of an antenna is given by
0 /3

( , )= 0.5
3 2 2
0
2
1) Draw the radiation intensity pattern in an elevation plane in rectangular coordinates (show the details).
2) Find the directivity expression, ( , ).
3) What are the magnitude and the direction of the maximum directivity?
4) Calculate the 3 beamwidth.
Exercise # 3
The approximate far zone normalized electric field radiated by a resonant linear dipole antenna used in
wireless mobile units, positioned symmetrically at the origin along the z-axis, is given by
jkr
e 0
E aˆ Ea sin1.5 f or
r 0 2
where Ea is a constant and r is the spherical radial distance measured from the origin of the coordinate
system. Determine the:
(a) Exact maximum directivity (dimensionless and in dB).
(b) Half-power beamwidth (in degrees)
Exercise # 4
The power radiated by a lossless antenna is 10 W. The directional characteristics of the antenna are
represented by the radiation intensity of
0 /2
U B 0 cos 3 W / sr f or
0 2
2
a) Find the maximum power density [W/m ] at a distance of 1000 m (assume far field distance). Specify
the angle where this occurs.
b) Find the directivity of the antenna.
c) Calculate the half power beamwidth (HPBW).
d) Find the first-null beamwidth (FNBW).
Exercise # 5
The far-fields of a Hertzian dipole of length oriented along the x-direction are given as:
[ ]

[ + ]
Where: is the wave number, is the excitation current and is the wave impedance.
1. Derive an expression for the time-averaged power density vector of the electromagnetic wave radiated
by the Hertzian dipole.
2. Determine
(i) the radiated power expression,
(ii) the radiation resistance expression,
(iii) the directivity of the antenna,
(iv) the E-plane and the H-plane,
(v) the vector effective length.
Exercise # 6
1. Calculate the maximum power density at a distance of 1000 m from a Hertzian dipole (D0 = 1.5)
radiating 10 W of power. Assume that the dipole has no losses.
2. What are the electric and magnetic field intensities at the given point?
If the same power were to be radiated by an isotropic antenna,
3. what will be the power density and the field intensities?
4. How much power should the isotropic antenna radiate so that the field intensities of the isotropic
antenna and the Hertzian dipole (along the maximum) are the same?
Exercise # 7
A voltage source of amplitude Vg = (50 + j40) V and a source impedance Zg = 50 is connected to
an antenna having a radiation resistance Rr = 70 , loss resistance RL = 1 , and a reactance jX = j25
. Calculate the
1. radiation efficiency of the antenna,
2. the real power delivered by the source,
3. the real power input to the antenna, power radiated by the antenna,
4. the power dissipated in the antenna.
Exercise # 8
What is the polarization of a wave propagating in the r-direction if its electric field vector at any fixed
point in space is given by:
(a) = ( + )
(b) = ( + )?
Exercise # 9
A uniform plane wave, of a form similar to 32 of chapter 2, is traveling in the positive z-direction. Find
the polarization (linear, circular, or elliptical), sense of rotation (CW or CCW), axial ration (AR) and tilt
angle (in degrees) when:
a. Ex = Ey, = y – x = 0. e. Ex = Ey, = y – x = 45°.
b. Ex Ey, = y – x = 0. f. Ex = Ey, = y – x = -45°.
c. Ex = Ey, = y – x = 90°. g. Ex = 0.5Ey, = y – x = 90°.
d. Ex = Ey, = y – x = –90°. h. Ex = 0.5Ey, = y – x = -90°.
Exercise # 10
A right hand circularly antenna has normalized electric far-field pattern given as
0
sin cos
E , 0 /2
0 elsewhere
(a) Calculate the direction , of maximum radiation and the exact directivity.
(b) Find the – 3dB Beamwiths in azimuthal and elevation planes.
(c) A CW elliptically polarized plane wave propagates along –x direction towards the antenna. The major
axis of the ellipse is positioned along the y-axis and is twice as large as the minor axis. Find the
polarization loss factor (PLF).
Note: it is assumed that the antenna is placed at the center of the coordinate systems.
Exercise # 11
The maximum gain of a horn antenna is +20 dB, while the gain of its first side lobe is 15 dB.
What is the difference in gain between the maximum and first side lobe:
(a) in dB
(b) as a ratio of the field intensities

Exercise # 12
300MHz uniform plane wave, traveling along the x-axis in the negative x-direction, whose electric fied is
given by
E w E 0 j aˆ y 3 aˆ z e jk x
where E0 is a real constant, impinges upon a dipole antenna that is
placed at the origin and whose electric field radiated toward the x-
axis in the positive x-direction is given by
E a E a aˆ y 2 aˆ z e jk x
where Ea is a real constant. Determine the following:
(a) Polarization of the incident wave (including axial ratio and sense of rotation, if any). You must
justify (state why?).
(b) Polarization of the antenna (including axial ratio and sense of rotation, if any).You must justify (state
why?).
(c) Polarization loss factor in dB
Exercise # 13
A linearly polarized aperture antenna, with a uniform field distribution over its area, is used as a receiving
antenna. The antenna physical area over its aperture is 10 cm2, and it is operating at 10 GHz. The antenna
is illuminated with a circularly polarized plane wave whose incident power density is 10 mwatts/cm2 .
Assuming the antenna element itself is lossless, determine its
(a) gain (dimensionless and in dB).
(b) maximum power (in watts) that can be delivered to a load connected to the antenna.
Assume no other losses between the antenna and the load.
Problem 1
A pyramidal horn antenna (a1 = 19.43 cm and b1 = 14.35 cm, aperture efficiency eap = 0.5, linearly polarized
in â y direction ) should be measured in an anechoic chamber with the length L = 8 m, the width W = 4 m
and the height H = 4 m.

a) Is it possible to measure the radiation pattern of the pyramidal horn at f = 12 GHz in the anechoic chamber?
Calculate!
A second antenna is mounted in a distance d = 5 m from the pyramidal horn. In a measurement this
second antenna is used as the transmitting antenna and the horn as the receiving antenna. The transmitting
antenna has a gain Gt = 8 dBi and can be described with the radiation resistance Rr = 220 , the loss resistance
RL = 5 and it is connected to a generator with the voltage Vg = 30 V and the inner resistance Rg = 75
(assume the reactances of antenna and generator XA = Xg = 0). The relative electric field vector E t of the
transmitting antenna can be expressed as a superposition of two plane waves with

E 1 ,t 9 cos t â x cos t â y and E 2 ,t 5 cos t â x 2 cos t â y

2 2

b) Determine the polarization and the axial ratio AR of the transmitted wave E t .
c) Calculated the power Pt radiated from the transmitting antenna.
d) Determine the PLF polarization loss factor between the two antennas.
Problem 2
A small electric dipole of length l and a small circular loop (of radius a) are positioned as shown in the figure
and fed by the currents Id and IS, respectively. This antenna system radiates an
electric field of the form:
z
2 2
kI d l jkr I Sa
E , j e sin â 2
e jkr sin â
8 r r
a) What must be the relationship between the magnitudes and phases of the
two currents, so that the radiated far field (electric) field exhibits a circular y
polarization (any circular polarization, either CW or CCW, is acceptable)?
b) What must be the relationship between the currents for linear polarization?
x
c) Calculate the normalized radiation intensity for case

A. AZRAR