Terms to Memorize (FinaL)

1. Contraband- Any item(s) introduced or found in the facility, including improperly possessed drugs (whether
illegal or legal) and weapons, that are expressly prohibited by those legally charged with the responsibility for the
administration and/or operation of the facility.

2. Bail - is the security given for the release of a person in custody of the law, furnished by him or a bondsman,
conditioned upon his appearance before any court as required under the conditions hereinafter specified, bail may
be given in the form of corporate surety, property bond, cash deposit or recognizance.

3. Indeterminate Sentence – a sentence of imprisonment for the maximum period define by law subject to
the termination by the parole board at anytime after service of the minimum period, it is one with
minimum and maximum periods of imprisonment.

4. Recognizance – it is a mechanism whereby a person accused of crime may be released on his own strength
pending trial of his case or on the assurance of a reputable person in the community that he will appear if called
during the trial to testify.

5. Commutation – an act of the president changing/ reducing a heavier sentence to a lighter one or a longer term
into a shorter term, it may alter death sentence to life sentence or life sentence to a term of years, it does not
forgive the offender but merely to reduce the penalty pronounced by the court.

6. Reprieve – a temporary stay of the execution of sentence especially the execution of the Death
Sentence, generally, reprieve is extended to prisoners sentenced to death, the date of execution of sentenced is
set back several days to enable the Chief to study the petition of the condemned man for commutation of
sentenced or pardon.

7. Pardon – includes any crime and is exercised individually by the President, it is exercised when the person is
already convicted, it looks forward and forgives the offender from the consequences of an offense of which he has
been convicted, that is it abolishes or forgives the punishment.

8. Amnesty – a general pardon extended to a class of persons or community who may be guilty of
political offenses, it may be exercised even before trial or investigation, it looks backward and puts into oblivion
the crime that has been committed, it is proclamated by the President with the concurrence of congress.

9. Probation – It is a disposition whereby a defendant, after conviction of an offense, the penalty of which does not
exceed 6 years of imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the releasing court and under
the supervision of a probation officer.

10. Parole - is the conditional release of prisoners before the full completion of their sentence, the condition of the
release of paroled prisoners is supervision by a public officer, the parole officer takes the role of supervising the
parolee, if the parolee violates any of the conditions of their release, they may have to return to prison after a
hearing.