When a preposition comes immediately after an object it becomes the

object of the preposition

NOUN PHRASE As OPPOSITION
Eg 1 Mrs Deborah the head teacher is here
NB the head teacher is used in apposition to Deborah
The function of a head teacher is an apposition
Adjectival phrase is a group of words that contains no finite verb and performs the function of
adjective in a sentence
Eg 1 the chairman OF THE UNION is
courageous
2 The woman in the blue shirt is her mother
3 The captain OF THE SHIP alone survived

In eg 1 of the union is qualifying the chairman

ADVERBIAL PHRASE
it does the work of an adverb in a sentence . It modifies a verb , adjective or other adverb

Eg he came here
Here modifies came
Eg 2
There is a cat “on the tree “
Eg 3
I mate Joy “after the match “
Eg 4
I joined the team “on may 3rd 2001”
Eg 5
Ada spoke to her mother “in a very rude manner “

GERUND PHRASE
It refers to a verbal noun .
Here a verb performs the function of a noun
Eg 1
“Swimming alone in deep ocean “could be dangerous
2
“Eating pounded yam “irritates me
3
“Giving to the poor “makes her happy

The underlined words does the work of a noun in a sentence

INFINITY PHRASE
It is a non finite verb I. e a word derived from a verb but which functions as noun , adjective or
adverb. It can serve as a noun in a sentence

Infinity as a noun
1
“To work alone “is unhealthy
2
“To win the match” requires seriousness
NB infinitive goes with “to”
Function; it is the subject of the sentence

Infinitive as adverb
Eg 1
“The missionaries “came to enjoy our sunshine

Infinitive as an adjective
It can perform the work of an adjectival
Eg
The tourist have plenty of money to spend

Participial phrase
It could be in present if it ends in “ ing” suffix or in the past if it ends in “Ed” suffix
It has the root of a verb but functions as adjective by qualifying a noun or pronoun in a sentence

NB the three non finite verb are : Gerund , infinitive and participle .

Eg
1
“Seriously injured “the girl fell down and die
2
The police, watching the suspect guy closely captured the robber
3
The student” listened carefully “followed the instruction perfectly

PERIODIC SENTENCE
A periodic sentence is a sentence in which the subordinate or the modifying parts begins the
sentence. In other words periodic sentence keeps the main idea till the end of the sentence.It’s
advantage is that it creates suspense Eg
1
As the cars sped along the dirty road and the sole occupant looked nervously at the thick forest, a
bullet crashed through the windscreen, striking him on the head and killing him on the spot

Loose sentence
A loose sentence is the opposite of a periodic sentence. It begins with the central idea of the
sentence. Rather than creating suspense it is emphatic in effect.Eg
1
The rector expelled the student despite pleadings from parents association entreaties from the
student union , and the protest from the union of academic teachers

REAd THE FIBE SUBJECT ELEMENF OF PROSE STRUCTURE

THE SUBJECT, VERB OBJECT COMPLIMENT AND ADJUNCT (svoca)

SVA - John Dances well

SVCA-Rose was elected chairperson yesterday