La Consolacion University Philippines

LA CONSOLACION UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES
Malolos, Bulacan
COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
A.Y 2023-2024, First Semester
-In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in NCM 104: Community Health Nursing I
Family Case Study: UTI
Submitted by:
Alcantara, Yvette M. Dela Cruz, Shaina Mikaela P. Rumbawa, Mikaela Arianne G. Torres, Aliyah Criselle R.
Buensuceso, Ashley R. Fernandez, Jaenena Gail C. Sacdalan, Yasmin A. Villaluz, Angel Anne
De Rueda, Kia Madine R. Perez, Hidemy Seña, Hannah Mae C.
BSN 2 – Group 12
Submitted to:
Mr. Edward Gernalin Dr. Joseph Erol T. Cuevas, RN, MAN
Clinical Instructor Dean, College of Allied Medical Professions

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Preliminaries
A. Acknowledgement—--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Data Presentation
A. Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Case Objectives -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Demographic Variable----------------—-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Socio-economic, Cultural, and Environmental---—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Health and Illness Pattern -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F. Health Resource -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
G. Political/Leadership Pattern ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. First Level Assessment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Second Level Assessment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V. Problem Prioritization -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VI. Family Nursing Care Plan ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VII. Family Health Teaching Plan ---—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIII. Pamphlet ---—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IX. Conclusion ---—-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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X. Bibliography ---—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XI. Appendices
A. Photo Documentation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our clinical instructor Mr. Edward Gernalin for giving us the opportunity to work on this
case study. We learned a lot about being a community nursing student and gave us the chance to experience it. I would also like to express my
heartfelt gratitude to the dean of the College of Allied and Medical professions Dr. Joseph Erol T. Cuevas, RN, MAN.
Also, thanks to the group members for all of their hard work in making this case study a success. Finally, we want to express our heartfelt
gratitude to our parents, without whom this endeavor would not have been possible.
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II. DATA PRESENTATION
A. Introduction
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a widespread health issue, impacting millions worldwide each year. This case study delves into the
intricate realm of recurring UTIs, examining a patient's journey from diagnosis through treatment and preventive measures. It explores the
complexities, hurdles, and essential interventions crucial in managing and lessening the impact of UTIs on an individual's health.
This case focuses on a patient facing frequent UTI episodes, shedding light on diagnostic challenges, the effectiveness of treatments,
and the complex interplay between patient-specific factors and medical interventions. The aim is to thoroughly explore the multifaceted
aspects of UTIs, including their root causes, risk elements, and the changing landscape of antibiotic resistance, all of which significantly
affect medical choices and patient outcomes.
Throughout this study, there's an emphasis on the pivotal role of healthcare professionals—primary care physicians, urologists, and
allied healthcare providers—in designing a unified, personalized care plan tailored to the patient's specific situation. This case underscores the
importance of a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach and patient education in effectively managing and preventing UTIs.
Additionally, the case study aims to underscore the importance of patient-focused care by empowering individuals with knowledge
about preventive measures, lifestyle adjustments, and early symptom recognition. It delves into the impact of diverse treatment methods,
responsible use of antimicrobials, and the emerging significance of non-antibiotic interventions in reducing recurring UTIs.
By amalgamating evidence-based practices, clinical expertise, and the latest advancements in UTI management, this case study aims
to provide healthcare professionals with valuable insights and practical advice. It serves as a guide to navigate the complexities of recurring
UTIs, aiding informed decision-making and improving patient outcomes.
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In summary, this case study serves as an educational tool, offering a comprehensive exploration of challenges, interventions, and best
practices in handling recurrent UTIs. Its goal is to contribute to the collective knowledge base, ultimately enhancing the quality of care for
patients grappling with the intricacies of urinary tract infections.
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B. Case Objectives
1. General Objective
•The main goal of this study is to provide more knowledge and better understanding of the main factors and risk of having
urinary tract infection in every person.
2. Family-Specific Objectives
•By the end of the rotation, the family will be able to:
KNOWLEDGE
1. To ensure that every person or family member understands the cause and effect of this.
2. To share knowledge so that they can share it to others.
3. To apply the given Do’s and Don’ts in urinary tract infection.
SKILLS
1. To acquire new practices and apply it in the community.
2. To identify the health and nursing needs and problems of each family or person.
3. To ensure the understanding and acceptance of their needs and problems.
ATTITUDE
1. To be emphatic and motivating students when their families or friends encounter the same situation.
2. To be able to recognize the severity of the problem when they encounter one.
3. To appreciate the importance of this study to help their own family, relatives and friends.
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C. Demographic Profile
Figure 1: The percentage distribution according to Sex Distribution

Actual Findings:
The data shows that 86.7% of the surveyed students are female, whereas 13.3% are male.
Normal Findings:
Based on the article, Women’s Dominance in Surveys study, It is quite common for survey field staff to be 100 percent women. They
have the discipline to follow strict instructions for random selection of respondents. They are non-threatening; it is much harder for men to be
admitted into people’s homes. Women have the discipline to follow questionnaires verbatim, without ad libs.
Analysis and Interpretation:

The data reveals that most of the patients the student nurses in La Consolacion University Philippines had interviewed are female. One
of the factors being that the number of patients going in the clinic are female, due to common cases such as dysmenorrhea, stomach ache, and
headache. As stated in a research conducted by Sebesto (2021), women are more likely to look and search for information regarding health.
This explains the higher number of female patients in comparison to males.
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Figure 2: The percentage distribution according to Marital Status
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students are single.
Normal Findings:
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), 4 out of 10 of Filipinos in 2020 were single. The 2020 data found that there
were more single men in households than women. Around 42.7% of households were composed of single men, while 36.7% were composed
of single women. There were also a statistically equal number of married women (39.4%) and men (39%).

The data presents that all of the participants are single. The respondents of this research are all in College Level. There are various
factors on why a person stays single. As stated in a study conducted by Apostolou (2020), women and men stay single because of different
priorities, poor flirting skills, too old / too young to be in a relationship, and the fear of commitment. Data presented by Cohen (2018) also
states that the number of college graduates are significantly higher than those who are still at college level / undergraduate. This data is
relevant in determining possible connections and factors related between the marital status and the condition of the respondents.
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Figure 3: The percentage distribution according to Religion
Actual Findings:
The data reveals that 80% of the students are Roman Catholic, 13.3% are Iglesia ni Cristo, and 6.7% are Born Again Christian.
Normal Findings:
The Philippines proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia. More than 86 percent of the population is Roman Catholic, 6
percent belong to various nationalized Christian cults, and another 2 percent belong to well over 100 Protestant denominations, according to
Asia Society research.

The data presented states that the respondents are divided into 3 religions— Roman Catholic, Iglesia ni Cristo, and Born Again
Christian. These data are relevant in determining various traditions and beliefs that are affecting the individual's health. This includes diet,
beliefs, misconceptions, and psychological, mental, emotional influences of religion that affects the overall wellness of a person.
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Figure 4: The percentage distribution according to Educational Attainment
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students completed high school level.
Normal Findings:
According to Philippine statistics Authority, In the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), the highest educational attainment
was asked for all persons aged five years and over. The census revealed that 38.6 percent had reached or completed at most high school or
secondary level (graduate: 21.7%; undergraduate: 16.8%), 29.5 percent had reached or completed at most elementary level (graduate: 9.5%;
undergraduate: 20.0%), and 23.4 percent had reached or completed at most college level (graduate: 13.5%; undergraduate: 10.0%).
Meanwhile, 0.3 percent had reached or completed post baccalaureate level. (Table 2 and Figure 2).

The data shows that all of the respondents are in College Level. Individuals with a higher educational attainment are more likely to
live a longer life than those who are less educated. As stated by Zajacova (2018), understanding the factors that affect health, and by having
some knowledge about some certain diseases, and the body of a person increases the mortality rate of an individual. Furthermore, people with
higher educational attainment tend to be more aware of health literacy, misconceptions and interventions that promote better healthcare.
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Figure 5: The percentage distribution according to Status of Employment
Actual Findings:
The data revealed that 100% of the surveyed students are unemployed.
Normal Findings:
College graduates may find themselves unemployed due to a number of reasons, including not having enough jobs, the mismatch
between the courses that students take and what employers need, and the lack of competitiveness of graduates due to substandard quality of
education. According to the Employment Socioeconomic Issue on Spotlight study.

As presented in the figure 5 above, the respondents are all unemployed. This data is useful in determining the physical, mental,
psychological, and emotional health of an individual. To elaborate, being a student with a part time job has its own share of negative effects
— unhealthy sleeping patterns and routine, lack of rest, and in the overall wellbeing of an individual which contributes to a higher chance of
acquiring certain diseases or conditions.
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Figure 6: The percentage distribution according to Composition
Actual Findings:
The data revealed that 73% of the surveyed students are nuclear and 20% in extended families.
Normal Findings:
According to an article of SciSpace, the most common family structure in the Philippines is the nuclear family, which consists of
parents and their offspring only. Extended family households, where relatives beyond the nuclear family live together, account for a smaller
percentage of total households. However, the occurrence of extended family households tends to be due more to housing constraints and
economic considerations rather than family cohesiveness. The average Filipino household is nuclear, but there is still dependence between
members of different households.

The data shows that most of the College students are in the Nuclear family type. In terms of Based Composition. Followed by
Extended family. The Based on composition is important in information to provide an opportunity to explore and communicate the
significance of familial relationship. For example, knowing that there is a support system in place helps individuals face life's challenges with
greater resilience.
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Figure 7: The percentage distribution according to Locus of Power
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 60% of the students have an egalitarian family, followed by 20% of the students who have a patriarchal family,
and 13.3% who have a matriarchal family.
Normal Findings:
Filipino families are known to be patriarchal in nature. Mothers tend to take care of their family while the father takes on the role of
being the breadwinner. However, due to economic changes, opportunities for women to work abroad increased rapidly. Hence, there was a
role reversal between the husband and the wife, based on the 2020 study of Animo Repository.

The data shows that most of the students are in a type of family that is egalitarian in terms of locus of power. Followed by patriarchal,
and then matriarchal. This data is important in understanding the child’s mental health, personality psychology, education acquisition and
other developmental indicators, because the family serves as a micro system that has a possibility to affect all those factors, as stated by Chen
(2023).
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Figure 8: The percentage distribution according to Place of Residence
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 46.7% of the surveyed students have a patrilocal descent, whereas 26.7%% of the students have a bilateral
descent, 13.3% of the students matrilineal descent and 13.3% who have neolocal descent.
Normal Findings:
The most common post marital residency form is patrilocal, where the newly married couple go to live with or near the groom's
family. It was present in many bilateral foraging societies and in patrilineal cultures ranging from horticultural to industrial. Clearly the effect
of patrilocal residence is to focus the attention of the newly married couple on the husband's kin group, and this is why it is so common in
societies with patrilineal descent. In many east Asian patrilineal cultures, the bride actually joins the husband's patrilineage upon marriage,
according to Laulima.

The data show that most of the respondents have patrilocal in terms of place of residence. In the Philippines, it is most common to
have the wife live with her husband near or with his family. In fact, around 70% of the families in the world tend to live by a patrilocal
residence pattern. The rest of the population are either matriarchal, neolocal, or bilocal. The place of residence is important information to
consider to identify the possible influence of the environment to the person’s overall health. This also covers the difference in terms of beliefs,
culture, and tradition which could potentially alter the wellness of an individual
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Figure 9: The percentage distribution according to Descent
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 53.3% of the surveyed students have a patrilocal descent, whereas 33.3%% of the students have a bilateral
descent.
Normal Findings:
According to the National Institutes of Health (.gov), Patrilineal male descendants of high status males account for a
disproportionately large share of the male population in later generations. In China and elsewhere, patrilineal kin network characteristics
influence individuals’ life chances; thus effects of a male founder’s characteristics on patrilineage size many generations later represent an
indirect channel of status transmission that has not been considered previously.

The data shows patrilineality has the highest percentage in terms of distribution according to descent, while matrilineality has the
lowest percentage . This tradition was due to the fact that heritage tended to be better on the father's side of the family, thus acquiring the
family name of the father could potentially give a child better assets to inherit. On the other hand, patrilineality is followed by bilateral and
neolocal in terms of descent wherein the side of both parents are equally important. This information contributes to the individual’s sense of
belongingness, thus promoting better psychological, mental, and emotional health.
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D. Socio-economic, Cultural, and Environmental
i. Social Indicators
Figure 10: The percentage distribution according to Services in the Community

Actual Findings:
The data shows that the services available in the community of the surveyed students are as follows: Health services acquired 66.7%,
Garbage collection and Religous services which garnered both 46.7%, Peace and order garnered 40%, Livelihood service which attained
13.3% Lastly, theres no response, 6.7%
Normal Findings:
The increased public investment in healthcare is one factor of economic growth in the Philippines, which helped Filipinos to live
longer and have healthier lives. Nevertheless, our country’s health sector is still developing. Although doctors and nurses in public hospitals
are skilled, public healthcare in the Philippines has some limitations. Despite achieving universal healthcare, the country continues to face
unequal access to medical treatment. As a result, the quality of public healthcare in the Philippines ranges from outstanding in metropolitan
regions to bad in rural areas, according to the ChildHope Philippines study on 2023. As a result, 75% of students chose the Health Services in
their community.
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The figure 10 presented data regarding the services present in the community. Leading with the Health Services as the highest proves
that the priority of the community focuses on providing health care services to those in need. Followed by Garbage Collection as the second
to the highest. Garbage Collection promotes a good environment which could lead to even better overall wellness, with this, the promotion of
health service is boosted. Then Religious Services comes in third. Philippines still has one of the most countries focused with religion, thus it
is important to have religious services in the community.
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Figure 11: The percentage distribution according to Institutional Facilities
Actual Findings:
The data shows that the institutional facilities available in the community of the surveyed students are as follows: Brgy. Hall garnered
80%, Health Station with 53.3%, Church and School with 46.7%, and lastly 6.7% with No Response.
Normal Findings:
According to the International Journal of Business and Management Studies, barangay governance plays a vital role in the
empowerment of the local government units in the country. This is linked with the leader’s accountability, fairness, and transparency in the
exercise of his duties and functions as a servant in his community. Majority of the Barangay Chairpersons were able to deliver very
satisfactory public services in their barangays which also indicated that the core values of governance namely fairness, transparency and
accountability were strengthened by them during their term of office.

As shown in the data on figure 11, the leading institutional facility present in the community is the Barangay Hall. This is due to the
purpose of the Barangay Hall which serves as a community center or a place to provide permanent or temporary services in the community.
In every community, Barangay Hall is a vital part that allows its population to avail services and to have a higher authority in power for
control. It is followed by the Church, which promotes the act of worship. Nonetheless, the least facility in the community is the school. The
lack of educational facilities continues to be a problem for Filipinos. The lack of educational facilities increases the risk of having individuals
with low educational attainment that could also be a problem in terms of health literacy.
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Figure 12: The percentage distribution according to Tradition/Customs
Actual Findings:
The data shows the traditions/customs available in the community of the surveyed family are as follows: fiestas garnered a total of
80%, followed by “pakikisama” which attained 46.7%, respect for elderly garnered 40%, close family ties which acquired 33.3%, bayanihan
attained 20%, lastly, palabra de honor and ningas kugon which both acquired 6.7%
Normal Findings:
The fiesta is part and parcel of Filipino culture. Through good times and bad times, the Filipino fiesta must go on. Each city and barrio
has at least one local festival of its own, usually on the feast of its patron saint, so that there is always a fiesta going on somewhere in the
country based on the e-philippines article.

The data presented shows Fiestas as the leading tradition/customs in the community, it is due to the fact that Philippines have a lot of
Fiestas / religious and non religious traditions that enriches the culture of each of the Filipinos’ proud communities. It is proven that Filipinos
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are well known to be reliable and resilient, which boosts the tradition of “pakikisama”. The connection between Filipinos are known to be one
of the most important aspects of their relationship with each other. Regardless of their status, religion, and physical condition, Filipinos still
continue to help one another in need. In contrast with the Western Countries, Filipinos tend to be hands- on when it comes to taking care of
the elderly because Filipinos show and put great importance on Respect for the Elderly. The data shows Palabra de Honor and Ningas Kugon
as the least of the Tradition / Customs that are being practiced in the community.
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Figure 13: The percentage distribution according to Recreational Facilities
Actual Findings:
The data shows that the recreational facilities available in the community of the surveyed students are as follows: volleyball/
basketball court garnered 100%, playground and plaza that both attained 38.5%
Normal Findings:
Volleyball/Basketball court got the highest percentage based on the data above probably because volleyball is one of the most popular
sports in the Philippines. Every small community or barangay has its own volleyball court, and on any given day, you can see people of all
ages playing the sport. It’s a beloved pastime for Filipinos, and there are several reasons why they love it so much. From its fast-paced and
exciting nature to its adaptability to smaller spaces, volleyball has become an integral part of Filipino culture. It’s also a great way to build
relationships, stay active, and bring people together, According to Darrel (2023).

The data shows a huge number of volleyball / basketball courts in terms of recreational activities / facilities present in the community.
In every community, it can be proved that there is always the presence of volleyball / basketball courts. Sports has been a big part of the
Filipinos lives as it promotes exercise and entertainment, it also serves as a place for special occasions / celebrations. Followed by the plaza
and playground, the presence of these two facilities are not guaranteed in a community. Nowadays, kids prefer playing inside their homes
with their gadgets and online friends rather than those they can meet in the physical world.
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Figure 14: The percentage distribution according to Mode of Transportation
Actual Findings:
The mode of transportation available in the community of he surveyed students are as follows: Tricycle garnered 86.7%, followed by
jeep that acquired 73.3%, private vehicle that attained 53.3%, bicycle with 20%, and lastly, PUJ/PUV with 13.3%
Normal Findings:
Tricycles are considered one of the most popular modes of transportation in the Philippines, due to their accessibility and capability to
drop off passengers at almost any point. However, passengers that ride in the tricycle sidecar are subject to awkward postures and motions
that cause discomfort, according to different surveys, according to (Dorado, N.J, et al. 2015). Additionally, Jeepneys are a lifeline for Filipino
commuters, especially students and lower-income workers. They offer an affordable mode of transportation that supports the livelihoods of
thousands of independent operators according to a 2023 study of Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.

The figure 15 presented Tricycle and Jeep as the leading mode of transportation. We can conclude that a bigger percentage of Filipinos
are commuting than using private vehicles. With that, the importance of being well aware of certain ways to get infected by infectious
diseases are emphasized or should be promoted. Those who are using bicycles come in fourth place. The reason behind this could be that it is
less convenient than commuting, however healthier. With this data, the researchers could also identify and consider the activeness of the
respondents in terms of physical activity, as well as the risk of getting infectious diseases due to lack of knowledge.
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Figure 15: The percentage distribution according to Mode of Communication
Actual Findings:
The mode of communication available in the community of the surveyed students are as follows: Internet acquired 100%, followed by
cell phone with 86.7%, and postal system that attained 6.7%. It shows that no one in the surveyed students uses telephone and two way radio
Normal Findings:
The cellphone and the Internet are very significantly changing the communication landscape in the Philippines. Concomitantly, the
new media are transforming social relationships in new and unexpected ways. With the new media, not only can Filipinos more easily
communicate with their relatives and friends abroad; they also have new possibilities for revealing important aspects of self-identity. Mobiles
are the most important new technology introduced in the Philippines and their effects far exceed most expectations (Social Science Diliman,
2013).

The data in figure 16 presents the major importance of the internet to individuals. Around 1995 when the internet became famous and
accessible to everyone, and starting from there, the inventions of different technologies appeared. The use of cell phones is complementary
when it comes to utilizing the internet. The reason behind this is due to the accessibility and convenience of the internet and cell phones. This
data is also important to determine the accessibility of individuals to be contacted when the distance is a problem.
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II. Economic Indicators
Figure 16: The percentage distribution according to Monthly Family Income (Combined)
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 60% of the surveyed students answers 50,000 and above as their monthly family income, while the other 6.7% is
no response, 20,001-25,000 , 25,001-30,000 , 30,001-35,000 , 35,001-40,000 , 40,001- 45,000
Normal Findings:
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, a middle-income person is one who earns between ₱18,000 to ₱109,200 per month.
About 45% of the families in the Philippines belong to this category. The average income of a family in the Philippines as of 2021 is PHP
307.19 thousand per year, and the average expenditure is PHP 228.80 per year. The middle class in the Philippines is defined as those who
earn between ₱18,000 to ₱109,200 per month.The middle-class earners make up close to 45% of the population in the Philippines, and
middle-class families in the Philippines ideally have 20% of their income left after expenses are paid. (Divina, 2023)
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The data shows family income ranging from 20,001 - 25,000 as the most common combined family income and only 7.1 percent has
30,001-35,000. This data could be used to determine the availability of products and services to groups of families. One of the common
reasons for individuals to not seek health care is because of lack of funds to avail for the service, this information is vital to determine whether
the respondents are financially capable to have their basic needs, and to avail healthcare services in times of need. Any discrepancies about
this could lead to problems in terms of physical, psychological, and emotional health, as well as the connection between families.
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Figure 17: The percentage distribution according to Financial Source for Family Expenditures
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 73% of surveyed students as their financial source for family expenditures is employment whereas the 26.7% is
business.
Normal Findings:
According to Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, majority (73.7%) of Filipino households sourced their income from employment or a
salaried job, in either the public or private sector. Only a few (5.1%) Filipino households were engaged in entrepreneurial activities, almost all
of which were sole proprietorship (91.2%). Nearly half (47.6%) of the households derive income from other sources, commonly remittances
from abroad (12.5%).

The data presents that most of the respondents have employment as their major source of income, and then business comes in next. It
has been a problem when it comes to Filipinos to start their own business, since most Filipinos tend to avail services that are provided
overseas or by famous brands. With this, the fear of starting a business is greater, thus requiring Filipinos to be employed on well known
brands than start their own business. Also, it has been one of the fears of the Filipino government that Filipinos’ plan upon graduating is going
abroad to work since there are even greater opportunities and higher income for OFWs.
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Figure 18: The percentage distribution according to Monthly Family Expenditures
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 26.7% of the surveyed students answers 25,001 - 30,000 as their monthly family expenditures, the 20% is 30,001-
35,000, the other 13.3% is 50,000 and above, and the other 6.7% is 20,001-25,000 , 15,002 - 20,000 , 5,000-10,000 , no response ,
45,001-50,000 and 40,001-45,000.
Normal Findings:
According to the latest report, in 2021, the average annual family income is P307,190 while the average annual family expenditure is
P228,800. These figures are lower in comparison to the results from FIES 2018. ((Congressional Policy and Budget Research Department,
2021)

The data presented shows that a big number of families have 5,001 to 10,000 worth of family expenditures. This data could be used to
determine whether a family is still capable of availing more than they could earn, or to see for their capability to avail services that are not in
their usual routine.
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Figure 20: The percentage distribution according to Adequacy of Family Income
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 93.3% of the surveyed students answers adequate, whereas the 6.7% is not adequate.
Normal Findings:
Based on the Preliminary Results of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) in 2021, poverty incidence among the
population, defined as the proportion of Filipinos whose per capita income cannot sufficiently meet the individual basic food and non-food
needs, was recorded at 18.1 percent. This translates to around 19.99 million Filipinos who lived below the poverty threshold of about PhP
12,030 per month for a family of five. The subsistence incidence, defined as the proportion of Filipinos whose income is not enough to meet
even just the basic food needs, slightly increased to 5.9 percent in 2021. It was estimated that a family of five needs at least PhP 8,379 per
month to meet their basic food requirements. (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2022)

Figure 20 presents the data that an adequate family income has more percentage than those earning inadequate income. Inadequacy of
income may result in bigger problems such as the lack of basic necessities, which could affect the overall well-being of a person. The health
of Filipinos is significantly impacted by inadequate money. Inadequate income increases the risk of malnutrition, infectious infections, and
subpar medical care by limiting access to necessary healthcare services, wholesome food, and suitable living conditions. A lack of funds
frequently causes people to postpone or avoid medical treatments, which might worsen their health problems. Furthermore, mental health
issues and elevated stress levels are linked to poor income. The necessity of comprehensive socio-economic measures to enhance the
well-being of the Filipino community is highlighted by the relationship between poverty and health.
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Figure 21: The percentage distribution according to Cultural Orientation Regarding Illness
Actual Findings:
The data shows the cultural orientation regarding illness of the surveyed students. 93.3% believe that illness is caused by physiologic
factor, followed by 66.7% who believes that illness is caused by a change of weather, 33.3% believes that illness is caused by supernatural
phenomenon, 26.7% believes that illness is caused by a other person, and 20% believes that illness is caused as a punishment from God.
Normal Findings:
Dimsdale, (2022) stated that people's attitudes or behavior can negatively affect any disorder such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease,
or migraines or symptoms such as pain. Attitudes and behavior can make a disorder or symptoms worse, sometimes resulting in
hospitalization or a visit to an emergency department. For example, severe stress can temporarily weaken the heart, or chronic work-related
stress can increase the risk of high blood pressure. The risk of suffering, death, or disability due to the disorder can be increased.
The data presented in Figure 21, show that most of the respondents believe that illnesses are caused by physiologic factors, and change
of weather. This information shows the knowledge of the respondents regarding the matter of healthcare or understanding the connection
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between the physical body and the diseases that affect it. Improper beliefs, misconceptions, and low levels of health literacy can have
detrimental effects on well-being. Individuals may engage in risky health behaviors, neglect preventive measures, and delay seeking medical
attention due to inaccurate information. This can lead to the exacerbation of health issues, increased healthcare costs, and overall diminished
public health outcomes.
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Figure 22: The percentage distribution according to Cultural Belief
Actual Findings:
The data shows the cultural beliefs of the surveyed students. 100% believes that health can be restored by health personnel, 46.7%
believes that health can be restored by God, 26.7% believes that health can be restored by supernatural powers, and 13.3% believes that health
can be restored by faith healers
Normal Findings:
According to Stanford University, (2019). Filipino older adults tend to cope with illness with the help of family and friends, and by
faith in God. Complete cure or even the slightest improvement in a malady or illness is viewed as a miracle. Filipino families greatly
influence patients’ decisions about health care. Before seeking professional help, Filipino older adults tend to manage their illnesses by
self-monitoring symptoms, ascertaining possible causes, determining the severity and threat to functional capacity, and considering the
financial and emotional burden to the family.
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The data shown in Figure 22 shows that 100 percent of the respondents believe that health can be restored by health personnels. For
healthcare to be efficient and successful, it is crucial to know where to go when ill. Having access to the right services ensures prompt
diagnosis, adequate care, and improved health outcomes. It makes early intervention easier, stopping the progression of illnesses and reducing
complications. On the other hand, not knowing where to get the appropriate resources might result in treatment delays, worsening health
conditions, and higher medical costs. Lack of knowledge could lead people to choose inappropriate locations for their care, which would
promote a worse than ideal experience with healthcare and possibly make their condition worse.
Page 33 of 102
Figure 23: The percentage distribution according to Cultural Perception
Actual Findings:
The data shows the cultural perception of the surveyed students. 53.3% sometimes practice local and cultural practices, 40% always
practice local cultural practices, and 6.7% of the respondents do not practice local cultural practices.
Normal Findings:
Folk medicine refers to the treatment of illness through traditional medicine rather than Western or modern medicine wherein herbs
and other natural substances are the primary means for medication. In the Philippines, folk medicine is an organized body of traditional
practices and beliefs that mirrors the country's indigenous culture and heritage. In both rural and urban areas in the Philippines, folk medicine
and western medicine systems are being utilized simultaneously. It has been a curiosity for many how patrons of folk medicine continue to
avail of such. (Rondilla et al., 2021)
The data presented in figure 23 shows that a major portion of the respondents always practices local cultural practices, and the least being
the choice to not practice local cultural practices. Often, diseases are blamed on cultural practices or inefficient management, but according to.
Airhihenbuwa (2010) culture should be seen as an asset.
Page 34 of 102
Figure 24: The percentage distribution according to Community Involvement
Actual Findings:
The data shows the community involvement of the surveyed students. 53.3% of the respondents actively join fiesta, religious
procession, and local practices in the community, whereas 53.3% do not actively join.
Normal Findings:
Fiesta in the Philippines is a critical part of the culture, bringing people together to celebrate a patron saint, a bountiful harvest, or
friendship and family. “Fiestas in the Philippines are held to celebrate the feast of a patron saint. The centuries of Spanish occupation have
made the Philippines the only majority-Christian country in Southeast Asia and reverence toward saints and other religious figures have been
integrated into the Filipino tradition,” says Jun Gappe, past president of the University of the Philippines Alumni Association of Hawaii.
(Liongson, Ph.D., 2022)
The data presented shows that 53.3% of the respondents actively join fiesta, religious procession, and local practices in the community, and
the other half do not. On the other hand, 46.7% of respondents do not. The data suggests that more than half of the respondents are actively
engaged in community activities such as fiestas, religious processions, and local cultural practices. As stated by Pena (2021), Community
events offer multifaceted health benefits that extend beyond encouraging physical activity. Events create opportunities to build social
cohesion among community members, which can contribute to improved mental health
Page 35 of 102
Figure 25: The percentage distribution according to Home Ownership
Actual Findings:
The data shows the home ownership of the surveyed students. 93.3% of the respondents have their own home, whereas 6.7% rent a
home.
Normal Findings:
According to a 2022 survey of Statista, about 60 percent of households in the Philippines occupied housing units and lots they owned.
On the other hand, 9.5 percent of Filipino families were renting a house or room, including a lot.

The data show that the majority of the respondents have owned a home, while the remaining are renting. Which suggests a relatively
stable and secure housing situation for a significant portion of the population surveyed. According to Bernstein, (2021) Housing can have a
significant impact on a person’s physical and mental health.. Housing quality typically refers to the physical condition as well as the quality of
the social and physical environment of the home’s location.
Page 36 of 102
Figure 26: The percentage distribution according to Construction Materials used
Actual Findings:
The data shows the construction materials used in the home of the surveyed students. 60% have strong materials used, 26.7% have
mixed materials used, and lastly, 13.3% have light materials used.
Normal Findings:
Most structures found in the Philippines (residential and commercial) are made of concrete. Since the land these homes and buildings
are built on can easily be affected by the weather, it is crucial to create a stable base to ensure the structure's safety. Some choose a
combination of concrete and steel as its base.

The data above presents that most of the respondents have strong concrete as the construction materials used. Homes that are
constructed with poor concrete are less durable and more vulnerable to problems like collapsing or failing. The residents' safety is in danger
because of this. Additionally, homes with poor building materials run a direct risk to the security of their occupants because weaker building
materials make it easier for outside factors like natural disasters, burglars, and other unexpected factors to come in. ProEst, (2021) an
autodesk family specializing in construction materials, defined light construction materials as something that is lightweight, durable, and cost
efficient. Whereas, strong construction material is defined as a composite material from fine and coarse aggregate mixed with a binder like
cement and water, and mixed construction materials containing both.
Page 37 of 102
Figure 27: The percentage distribution according to Number of Rooms used for Sleeping
Actual Findings:
The data shows the number of rooms available in the home of the surveyed students. 60% have 3 rooms, 20% students have 2 rooms,
13.3% have four rooms, and lastly, 6.7% have 5 rooms.
Normal Findings:
According to an article of America’s Best House Plans, most residential homes typically tend to have 3 or 4 bedrooms. Homes featuring 3
to 4 bedrooms are commonly associated with having the ideal amount of room for most average-sized families. Homes this size are nice and
comfortable for most families.

The data in figure 27 shows that most of the respondents have three rooms, factors such as the number of people in the house could affect
the number of bedrooms present. Having enough rooms in a house is important for health. It gives you personal space, reducing stress.
Having tidy rooms lowers the risk of diseases, and having specific rooms for activities like work and sleep improves mental health and sleep
quality. World Health Organization, (2018)
Page 38 of 102
Figure 28: The percentage distribution according to Adequacy of Space
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have an adequacy of space in their home.
Normal Findings:
Housing is essential for normal healthy living. It fulfills deep-seated psychological needs for privacy and personal space; physical
needs for security and protection from inclement weather; and social needs for basic gathering points where important relationships are forged
and nurtured.In many societies, a house also serves an important function as an economic center where essential commercial activities are
performed. (Morka, F., 2000)
The data in figure 28 shows that a hundred percent of the students have an adequacy of space. Adequate living and working
environments improve general hygiene and lower the incidence of infectious diseases, both of which are factors in physical well-being.
Adequate spatial configurations promote mental well-being by providing people with a feeling of seclusion and safety. Additionally, having
enough room in medical facilities can improve patient care by guaranteeing prompt service delivery and a more comfortable healing
environment. Hygiene for Health, (2020)
Page 39 of 102
Figure 29: The percentage distribution according to Lighting Facility
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have electricity at home.
Normal Findings:
As of June 2021, the total number of households in the Philippines with electricity service amounted to 24.57 million, which
represents an electrification level of 94.94 percent, according to Statista, 2023.

The data in figure 29 shows that a hundred percent of the students use electricity at home. The availability of electricity significantly
impacts health outcomes. Electricity is crucial for modern living, powering essential devices and infrastructure that impact overall health.
Access to electricity enables the operation of medical equipment, supporting healthcare services and improving health outcomes.
Furthermore, electricity facilitates better living conditions by providing lighting, heating, and cooling, which directly contribute to a safer and
healthier environment for individuals. World Health Organization, (2023)
Page 40 of 102
Figure 30: The percentage distribution according to Adequacy of Lighting
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have adequacy of lighting.
Normal Findings:
According to the National Institutes of Health, One key aspect of housing quality is lighting. Light is important for visual performance
and safety, and also plays a vital role in regulating human physiological functions. Adequate lighting is needed for visual performance and
safety, and to reduce falls and injuries. Light is also highly essential for health and well-being through the regulation of bodily functions.
Light plays an important role in the function of the nervous and endocrine systems and the secretion of hormones such as melatonin. Lighting
within the home encompasses different types of light. For instance, homes may be illuminated by natural light through windows and
supplemented with artificial light sources during the day, with artificial lighting continuing into the night.

The data in figure 30 shows that a hundred percent of the students have adequate lighting at home. Lighting affects sleep cycles,
circadian rhythms, and general wellbeing, it is essential for good health. These biological functions can be disturbed by inadequate lighting,
which may cause sleep disorders and have an adverse effect on mental health. This data is important to be taken into consideration to better
understand the underlying factors that are potentially contributing to the health of an individual. National Library Medicine, (2021)
Page 41 of 102
Figure 31: The percentage distribution according to Ventilation
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have adequacy of ventilation.
Normal Findings:
Ventilation helps your home rid itself of moisture, smoke, cooking odors, and indoor pollutants. Structural ventilation controls heat
levels in the attic, moderates dampness in the crawlspace and basement, and keeps moisture out of uninsulated walls. It is also good to have
an airflow that is uninterrupted, as anything blocking the airflow in your home can cause damage to both your home and your health. One of
the reasons ventilation is so important is because it controls how much moisture is lingering in your home, based on the article of EnviroVent.

The data presented in figure 31, shows that a hundred percent of the respondents have adequate ventilation at home. Setting up a home's
ventilation system effectively is similar to keeping indoor spaces constantly supplied with fresh air. By lowering the amount of dust and other
allergens that could harm respiratory health, this technique helps maintain the purity of indoor air. Additionally, a well-ventilated space
actively contributes to the overall health considerations within the confines of the indoor setting by acting as a preventative measure against
the growth of mold.
Page 42 of 102
Figure 32: The percentage distribution according to General Sanitary Condition
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have a generally clean sanitary condition.
Normal Findings:
The 2019 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey shows that four out of five families (81.6%) are already using improved sanitation
facilities that are not shared with other households. However, 1.8 million families (or 9 million Filipinos) are still using unimproved toilets or
none at all.

The data presented in Figure 32, show that all of the respondents’ homes are generally clean. The state of one's health is significantly
impacted by how clean their home is. Maintaining a clean living environment reduces the risk of infections and stops the spread of germs,
both of which are essential for good health. Furthermore, a comfortable and stress-free atmosphere created by a clean and organized home
improves mental health and has a positive impact on daily life and general health.
Page 43 of 102
Figure 33: The percentage distribution according to Water Supply (Ownership)
Actual Findings:
The data shows the water supply ownership of the surveyed students. 80% have a private ownership, whereas the 20% use a public
one.
Normal Findings:
According to the 2002 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey conducted by the National Statistics Office, 3.2 million families (20%) do
not have access to potable water. The same study showed that the majority of families without access to clean drinking water come from the
poorest 40% of families in the Philippines.

The data shows the majority having private ownership of water supply rather than public ownership helps in having access to
clean water supply instead of dirty water supply. (Annual Poverty Indicators Survey, 2002).
Page 44 of 102
Figure 34: The percentage distribution according to Water Source (Cooking)
Actual Findings:
The data shows the water source for cooking of the surveyed students. 60% use local water districts, 26.7% use commercial ones, and
lastly, 13.3% use deep wells.
Normal Findings:
The main source of water for cooking was the community water system with 58.7 percent of the total households in the country. This
figure is made up of 43.3 percent of the households using their own faucet and 15.4 percent of the households using a shared faucet according
to the 2013 Philippine Statistic Authority study.

The data shows the major water source for cooking is commercial rather than other options such as local water district and deep
well since most of the households believe this as the cleanest and safest water for cooking. (Philippine Statistic Authority, 2013).
Page 45 of 102
Figure 35: The percentage distribution according to Water Source (Drinking)
Actual Findings:
The data shows the drinking water of the surveyed students. 53.3% uses commercial ones, 33.3% uses local water districts, 6.7% uses
deep well water.
Normal Findings:
MOST Philippine households had better access to drinking water last year with more than 50% sourcing their supply from commercial
refilling stations, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority’s (PSA) latest Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS). The 2022 APIS
showed that 97.6% or 26.942 million families had an improved source of drinking water, up by 4.2% from the 97.5% or 25.848 million
recorded in 2020. Around 54.3% of families use bottled water from refilling stations while 17.2% use household taps.

The data shows the major water source for drinking is commercial because it is the most trusted drinking water by the Filipino
families trusting it as the cleanest and safest water to drink. (Philippine Statistics Authority’s (PSA) latest Annual Poverty Indicators Survey
(APIS), 2022).
Page 46 of 102
Figure 36: The percentage distribution according to Water Source (Bathing/CR/Flushing)
Actual Findings:
The data shows the water used for bathing, CR, and flushing. 73.3% use local water districts, whereas 20% use deep well water.
Normal Findings:
More than 60% use the district water for bathing and cooking food, while more than 50% use such water for flushing human wastes and
washing laundry. Only 5% of the residents drink water coming to the water district. People prefer to use district water. The water is
considered safe, potable, and affordable because district water undergoes bacteriological and chlorination tests (Nakagome and Takagi, 2008).

The data presented in Figure 36 shows that most of the respondents use local water districts as water sources for bathing, CR, and
flushing. Local water district offers a dependable and convenient source of water, people use it for flushing, bathing and using the lavatory.
Local water districts make sure that homes receive clean, treated water that satisfies daily requirements for sanitation and personal hygiene.
This centralized system aids in maintaining uniform water quality standards and is more practical than individual water sources for every
home.
Page 47 of 102
Figure 37: The percentage distribution according to Potability
Actual Findings:
The data shows the potability of the surveyed students. 53.3% answered yes, whereas 26.7% answered no, and 20% had no response.
Normal Findings:
According to the National Statistical Information Center, 84.1% of the country’s population as of 2008 or about 77 million had
attained sustainable access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation and the target is to reach 86.5% by 2015.

The data presented in Figure 37 showed that most of the respondents answered yes in potability. Safe drinking water is essential for
maintaining good health. It plays a vital role in various bodily functions and overall well-being. It is a fundamental component of maintaining
overall health and well-being. It supports essential bodily functions and helps prevent various health problems associated with dehydration or
the consumption of contaminated water.
Page 48 of 102
Figure 38: The percentage distribution according to Storage
Actual Findings:
The data shows the storage of water of the surveyed students. Respondents usually have a direct source from the faucet or pipe which
resulted to 73.3%
Normal Findings:
Water storage is a broad term referring to storage of both potable water for consumption, and non potable water for use in agriculture.
In both developing countries and some developed countries found in tropical climates, there is a need to store potable drinking water during
the dry season. In agriculture water storage, water is stored for later use in natural water sources, such as groundwater aquifers, soil water,
natural wetlands, and small artificial ponds, tanks and reservoirs behind major dams. Storing water invites a host of potential issues regardless
of that water's intended purpose, including contamination through organic and inorganic means.

The data presented in Figure 38 shows that most of the respondents have a direct source from faucet or pipe. Access to water through
faucets or pipes is a result of infrastructure development, specifically water supply systems. These systems are established to provide a reliable and
convenient source of water for residential, commercial, and industrial use. Pipelines transport water from treatment plants or natural sources to
homes and businesses, ensuring a consistent and safe supply. This infrastructure is a key component of modern living, promoting public health and
convenience.
Page 49 of 102
Figure 39: The percentage distribution according to Food Storage
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have a covered food storage
Normal Findings:
According to the freeman, The federal Food and Drug Administration, which regulates plastic packaging chemicals like BPA, recently announced
that its safety review shows BPA is safe at current levels in food. Some US states, on the other hand, intend to add BPA to the state list of harmful
chemicals, based on findings that BPA can cause reproductive health problems in laboratory animals.

The data in Figure 39 shows that the majority of the respondents use covered food storage. Covered storage keeps food fresher longer
and reduces contamination, it is good for your health. It lowers the chance of contracting illnesses by shielding food from dust, bacteria, and
other contaminants.
Page 50 of 102
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students use a refrigerator as their storage.
Normal Findings:
Food storage constitutes one of the main critical steps in the food chain. The main purpose of food storage is assuring the availability
of harvested and processed food products for human consumption. From ancient times, the main objective of food storage was to preserve
food for potential contamination (microbial, toxicological, etc.), and also, it was used to obtain new products with improved physicochemical
quality (texture, aromas, etc.). (Barba and Cilla, 2019)

Food might easily become lost in the vastness of your refrigerator. To keep perishable food safe and out of the danger zone, it must be
properly wrapped and stored for the right amount of time. (Gordon, 2018)
Page 51 of 102
Figure 41: The percentage distribution according to Cooking Facilities
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 80% of the surveyed students use a gas stove as their cooking facilities whereas 20% uses electric stove.
Normal Findings:
Cooking with gas produces twice as much hazardous particulate matter as cooking with an electric burner, which can have health
consequences for the heart and lungs. In addition, gas stoves can emit formaldehyde, a human carcinogen, and carbon monoxide, which is
odorless but dangerous in large doses. Carbon monoxide levels in households using gas stoves have been shown to be three to six times
higher. Cho, (2023)

Comparing electric stoves and gas stoves, gas stoves produce several dangerous gasses as it is a gas which could be harmful in the
lungs and heart. According to an article of Rockgas, gas provides evenly distributed heat, which can be adjusted precisely to the level you
require. A chef can look at the flame in any commercial kitchen and get a sense of how much heat is being generated, whether they've used
that range before or not.
Page 52 of 102
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students use containers as their storage.
Normal Findings:
According to the University of Maryland Baltimore, Waste containers must be kept closed at all times except when in the process of
adding waste to the container. Waste containers must not be filled to the top. Two inches of space must be left at the top of every container
larger than a quart.

Practicing proper waste disposal helps the environment to be clean and having proper containers makes the wastes more manageable
to dispose of. According to an article of enviro-safe, failure to properly dispose of medical waste like needles can lead to HIV and hepatitis B
exposure. Water, air, and soil are all subject to being polluted by improper waste disposal, leading to health epidemics like Cholera or
Dysentery in a population.
Page 53 of 102
Figure 43: The percentage distribution according to Waste Segregation
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 73.3% of the surveyed students are practicing waste segregation while 26.7% don't practice it.
Normal Findings:
According to the Philippine News Agency, Garbage collectors will have to use shovels and plastic boxes to collect unsegregated trash
along Zapote Road near Caloocan City Hall Extension on May 24, 2022. Environment Acting Secretary Jim Sampulna on Monday (May 30)
said solid waste management remains a major problem for the Philippines mostly due to the mismanagement of waste segregation at the local
level.
This justifies that not all are aware of proper segregation and it is becoming a major problem to the Philippines. Segregating waste is
also essential for public health, especially when it comes to separating hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Health-related problems can arise
when waste is thrown away without segregation, according to an article of Evreka.
Page 54 of 102
Figure 44: The percentage distribution according to If practiced, Method of Disposal
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 66.7% are under the collecting method of disposal and 20% have no response.
Normal Findings:
The 3R’s integrated waste management method is the main type of SWM in the country. Despite the passage of RA 9003 law in 2001,
only about 21% and 4% of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in the country are being serviced by municipal recovery facilities and
sanitary landfills, respectively. In order to have an effective SWM in the Philippines, the LGUs should have the political will to innovatively
comply with RA 9003, through mobilization of all sectors concerned towards minimizing solid waste and uplifting the economic status of the
vulnerable groups involved in SWM. Castillo, Otoma (2013)

Not all place in the country have the capacity to have collecting method as their method of disposal considering that only 21% and 4%
of LGUs are being serviced by municipal recovery facilities and sanitary landfills.
Page 55 of 102
Figure 43: The percentage distribution according to Waste Segregation
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 69.2% of the surveyed students’ reason for practicing is because of the Barangay Ordinance which is strictly
monitored, whereas 30.8% of the surveyed students reason is Environmental friendly.
Normal Findings:
The policy adopted by these barangays was the RA 9003, a decentralization law that devolves solid waste management down to the
barangay level. It mandates source segregation, segregated collection, and segregated destination of waste and the establishment of a
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays.

Based on the data collected, most of the respondents practice waste segregation because of the Barangay ordinance. Certain types of
waste can be quite harmful and can contaminate the environment. Bad waste management practices can cause land and air pollution which
can result in serious medical conditions in humans, animals, and even plants. Salonga, (2019)
Page 56 of 102
Figure 44: The percentage distribution according to If not practiced, Method of Disposal
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 40% of the surveyed students for method of disposal is no response and collected while the 13.3% is burial in a
pit and the other 6.7% is open dumping.
Normal Findings:
The National Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, enacted in 2001,
requires local administrations to close their existing open dumpsites by 2006. But ten years later, there were still 403 open dumpsites and 108
controlled dumpsites in operation

The graph underscores the diversity in waste disposal practices among the surveyed population. The presence of organized waste
collection (40%) implies a level of accessibility to waste management services. However, the existence of alternative methods like 'burial in a
pit' suggests that some individuals might resort to traditional or localized disposal methods due to various factors, including cultural practices
or limitations in waste infrastructure. The smaller percentage engaging in 'open dumping' signifies a minority but still warrants attention due
to its potential environmental and health hazards.
Page 57 of 102
Figure 45: The percentage distribution according to Reason for not Practicing
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 66.7% of surveyed students answer that their reason for not practicing is no time to do it whereas 33.3% are not
aware of the effects.
Normal Findings:
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Acting Secretary Jim Sampulna said solid waste management remains a
major problem for the Philippines mostly due to the mismanagement of waste segregation at the local level. He said despite the enactment of
Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000 that mandates segregation at the barangay level, some local
government units (LGUs) have yet to strictly enforce the law. “Although there is a significant observation on the compliance among
households in some areas, there are others who still don’t segregate. We need to remind ourselves that our neglect of waste segregation leads
to environmental impacts such as harm to our marine life,” de Leon said. (Philippine News Agency, 2022)

The graph reveals diverse reasons contributing to the lack of practice of the behavior in focus among the surveyed responders. The
prevalence of 'no time to do it' as a primary reason indicates that time constraints significantly influence the ability or willingness to engage in
the behavior. The acknowledgment of 'family tradition or long-time practice' implies the influence of cultural or familial factors on individual
Page 58 of 102
behavior, suggesting the importance of understanding cultural contexts when promoting behavioral changes. The smaller percentage citing
'not aware of effects' implies a need for improved education or information dissemination regarding the impacts associated with the behavior.
Page 59 of 102
Figure 46: The percentage distribution according to Toilet Facilities (Ownership)
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students owned a toilet.
Normal Findings:
According to the latest Social Weather Stations (SWS) sanitation study, nine out of ten Filipinos have access to toilets, yet the majority
still utilize the pour-flush approach. The poll, which was conducted from December 13 to December 16, 2020, discovered that 90% of homes
in the country have their own toilets, 6% use shared toilets, and 4% have no access to toilet facilities.

The graph depicting 100% ownership of toilet facilities among the 15 respondents showcases a positive aspect of private sanitation
access within this particular surveyed population. While ownership signifies access to basic sanitation amenities, further evaluation of the
quality, functionality, and maintenance of these facilities would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the sanitation infrastructure’s
adequacy within this context
Page 60 of 102
Figure 47: The percentage distribution according to Toilet Facilities (Type)
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students have flush types of toilet in their houses.
Normal Findings:
Pour-flush toilets, also known locally as "de buhos," are used by 82% of families with their own toilets. This is a manual sanitation
system in which the user pours in the water. Only 7% of households have flush toilets.
Pour-flush toilets are most widespread in Metro Manila (85%), followed by Luzon outside of Metro Manila (83%) By area, pour-flush toilets
are most common in Metro Manila (85%), followed by Luzon outside Metro Manila (83%), the Visayas (82%) Mindanao (77%).

The description provided regarding flush types and the term "owned" might lack clarity or specificity in representing different types of
flush systems. It's essential to reassess the data categories or descriptions to accurately capture and interpret the various types of flush systems
utilized by the surveyed population.
Page 61 of 102
Figure 48: The percentage distribution according to Location from Water Source
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 66.7% of the surveyed students answers less than 20 ft while the other 33.3% is 20ft beyond to the location from
the water source.
Normal Findings:
Individual Water Systems/Wells should be located on the subject property site. If not, they must be on an adjacent property, and
evidence of water rights and recorded maintenance agreement must be provided for acceptance of the well as the primary source of water for
an FHA insured property. New wells must be drilled, no less than 20 feet deep, and cased. Casing should be steel or other casing material that
is durable, leak-proof, and acceptable to (either) the local health authority and (or) the trade or profession licensed to drill and repair wells in
the local jurisdiction.

The graph indicates that a significant majority of the surveyed students are located within a short distance from their water source,
while a smaller percentage faces a slightly longer distance. This information highlights the importance of proximity to water sources for daily
needs and suggests the need for further exploration of factors influencing water accessibility in the surveyed area.
Page 62 of 102
Figure 49: The percentage distribution according to Sanitary Condition
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 100% of the surveyed students are generally clean when it comes to their sanitary condition.
Normal Findings:
According to the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene of the World Health Organization and the
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), approximately six percent of Filipinos, mostly in rural areas, still do not have sanitary toilets, as
of 2015.

The data presents that most of the respondents have generally clean in their sanitary conditions, it was intended to educate
decision-makers about the general detrimental effects of inadequate sanitation and the possible advantages of putting in place various
sanitation improvement
Page 63 of 102
Figure 50: The percentage distribution according to Drainage System
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 73.3% surveyed students are blind drainage, while 20% is open drainage and 6.7% has no response.
Normal Findings:
According to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), 70% of the drain pipes in Manila are made of single barrels 24 inches in
diameter, similar to the size of the opening of a container drum. However, the actual and ideal size should be 3 meters by 4 meters or visually similar to the
size of a car.

The data presents that most of the respondents have open drainage in their drainage system, in order to keep a building hygienic, to
carefully gather and eliminate garbage. In addition to preventing glasses from septic tanks and sewers from entering residential areas,
drainage systems are made to dispose of wastewater as rapidly as feasible.
Page 64 of 102
Figure 51: The percentage distribution according to Condition
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 73.3% surveyed students are flowing, while 20% have no response and 6.7% are stagnant.
Normal Findings:
According to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, groundwater currently supplies more than 50 per cent of the
potable water supply and 85 percent of the piped water supply in the Philippines. Groundwater is strategically and economically important to
current and future water supply and is the principle source of dry season river flows, which in turn are often used for drinking water.

The data presents that most of the respondents have flowing water. Certain regions of the Philippines usually have a shortage of water
supplies, which leads to the regular closure of supplies to maintain capacity. In order to maintain basic hygiene and avoid illness, they could
also not have access to enough water for washing. There are major health risks associated with such insufficient and irregular water supplies
in several areas of the nation.
Page 65 of 102
Figure 52: The percentage distribution according to Presence of Animals that are Rabies Carriers
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 53.3% surveyed students answered yes, whereas 46.7% answered no.
Normal Findings:
Rabies is endemic throughout the Philippines. The annual recorded incidence of human rabies is 155-383 cases, with dogs being the
only known route of exposure. Among the world's reporting countries, the Philippines has the greatest number of annual human rabies deaths.
Every year, approximately 100,000-150,000 Filipinos receive anti-rabies preventive immunization. Each year, approximately 25,000 instances
of dog rabies are documented. Although rabies has been reported in other domestic animals (carabaos, cattle, pigs, and cats), all of these
instances were caused by exposure to a rabid dog. Rabies is not present in the wildlife community studied, which includes both insectivorous
and fungivorous bats, shrews, rats, mongooses, and polecats. The transmission cycle is mostly dog-to-dog, dog-to-man, and dog-to-dog.

The data presents that most of the respondents are yes. Saliva from infected animals can enter human bodily holes, such as wounds,
and spread the infection. Although vampire bats are the primary reservoir in some areas, dog bites account for the bulk of rabies-related
human fatalities worldwide.
Page 66 of 102
Figure 53: The percentage distribution according to Practices measures done to control insect/vectors of disease
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 80% surveyed students answered cleaning the yard, while 13.3% answered insecticides and 6.7% answered none.
Normal Findings:
According to the Philippine Dengue Studies, They reviewed 135 eligible studies, of which 33% were descriptive epidemiologic
studies or case series, 16% were entomologic or vector control studies, 12% were studies on dengue virology and serologic
response, 10% were socio-behavioral and economics studies, 8% were clinical trials, 7% were on burden of disease, 7% were
investigations on markers of disease severity, 5% were on dengue diagnostics, and 2% were modeling studies.

The data presents that most of the respondents cleaning the yard, Beyond vector control,and implementing many of the fundamental
ideas can significantly lower the availability of Ae. habitats for aegypti larvae. Protecting the public's health requires proper trash collection,
storage, and disposal. The maxim "reduce, reuse, recycle" is a very useful guideline. Discarded or unnecessary containers should be the focus
of efforts to decrease solid waste, especially if the community has identified them as significant mosquito-producing containers.
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Figure 54: The percentage distribution according to Housing Congestion
Actual Findings:
The data shows that 88.9% of the surveyed students have housing congestion, whereas 11.1% have none.
Normal Findings:
According to a research released by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), housing remains inaccessible for
millions of Filipinos because they cannot afford it, particularly low-income and large families, as well as those who live in heavily urbanized
cities. The researchers also stated that the threshold of 30% of income used to determine home affordability may be too high for low-income
households.

The data presented above stated that there’s a majority of the respondents that are living without the problem of housing congestion.
Housing congestions pertain to the houses that accommodate individuals more than what’s suggested or meant. Addressing this kind of
problem is essential for the promotion of better health outcomes. As stated by Fuller (n.d), the overcrowdedness of a household may result in
the production of stress that could cause illnesses. It also accounts for the easier spread of communicable diseases, and limited access to
sanitation.
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Figure 55: The percentage distribution according to Presence of Industrial Establishments
Actual Findings:
53.3% of the 15 respondents stated there were no industrial establishments or factories near their homes, while 40% reported the
presence of such facilities in their vicinity. Additionally, 6.7% of the respondents did not provide a response on this matter.
Normal Findings:
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, among the regions in the Philippines, the National Capital Region accounts as the
highest number of industrial establishments with 4,422 establishments. This was followed by CALABRSON, which has 4,129 establishments,
and then Central Luzon with 3,011 establishments or approximately 11.9% of the Philippines total establishments. However, due to the
environmental impacts and risk of producing diseases / illnesses, it is being encouraged to position such establishments far from residential
areas.
Based on the graph above, the majority of the respondents do not live near industrial establishments or factories, however 40% of the
respondents are located near some. According to Brender (2011), research has indicated that residing in close proximity to hazardous waste
Page 69 of 102
sites, industrial areas, agricultural lands where pesticides are used, heavily trafficked roads, nuclear power plants, and gas stations or repair shops are
associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing negative health effects. Also, Downey (n.d), stated that living near industrial establishments also
affects the stress and mental health of an individual which also accounts to detrimental effects to human health.
Page 70 of 102
A. Health Threat
Cues/Data Health Condition

Subjective: Faulty nutritional habits or feeding practices
“ Madalas po ako kumain ng maalat, mahilig din po ako sa kape at
Inadequate food intake both in quality & quantity
madalang din po ako uminom ng tubig” as stated by the patient.
Faulty eating habit
Objective:
Faulty feeding practices
The patient frequently eats salty foods, loves drinking coffee, and
only drinks water sparingly.
B. Health Deficit

Subjective: Presence of health deficit due to weakened immune system.
“Mahina po ang aking resistensya.” as stated by the patient.
Objective:
The patient has a weakened immune system.
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III. SECOND LEVEL ASSESSMENT
A. Health Threat

Subjective: “Madalang po kami uminom ng tubig.” as stated by Inability to recognize the presence of the health risk due to lack of
the mother. knowledge.
Objective: The family is lacking in required daily water intake

because they are not aware of the consequences.
B. Health Deficit

Subjective: “Hindi ko masyado alam solusyon sa uti at minsan Inability to provide adequate nursing care to the sick member of
may hindi siya magawa dahil masakit balakang niya.” as stated by the family due to inadequate knowledge about the disease or
the mother. health condition.
Objective: The family member’s health condition disrupts the

normal function of the body.
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PROBLEM PRIORITIZATION
1st Prioritized Problem: Presence of Health Deficit Due to Non Communicable Disease Related to UTI
Criteria Score Computation Actual Score Justification

Nature of the Problem 2 2/3x1 0.66 The problem is health deficit and requires more
Health Deficit immediate attention to prevent worsening of the
client’s UTI
Magnitude of the 1 1/2x2 1 The problem is partially modifiable. The client
Problem should avoid causes of UTI by maintaining good
Partially hygiene, and other measures.
Preventive Potential 3 3/3x1 1 A healthy lifestyle and good hygiene habit and
High avoiding habits as well as drinking adequate fluids
will prevent UTI from recurring
Salience of the Problem 2 2/2x1 1 The family recognizes this as a problem that needs
A condition or problem immediate attention
needing immediate
attention
TOTAL SCORE: 3.66
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2nd Prioritized Problem: Presence of Health Threat Due to Alcohol Drinking

Nature of the Problem 1 1/3x1 0.33 It is considered as a health threat because alcohol
Health Threat drinking can lead to diseases.
Magnitude of the 2 2/2x2 2 The problem can be easily modified through proper
Problem health intervention and education.
Easily
Preventive Potential 3 3/3x1 1 There is a high chance of preventing diseases by
High avoiding alcohol drinking.
Salience of the Problem 0 0/2x1 0 This is not considered as a problem since clients
Not perceived as a problem only drink occasionally.
needing change
TOTAL SCORE: 3. 33
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3rd Prioritized Problem: Presence of Health Deficit Due to Non Communicable Disease Related to Hypertension

Nature of the Problem 2 2/3x1 0.66 Hypertension is a health deficit that will cause
Health Deficit complications that requires immediate attention
and adequate management of blood pressure
Magnitude of the 2 2/2x2 1 Easily modifiable because the resources needed to
Problem alleviate high blood pressure is immediately
Easily
available at home
Preventive Potential 3 3/3x1 1 Possible increase of blood pressure can be easily
High prevented because client is aware of intervention
Salience of the Problem 1 1/2x1 0.5 Client does not see this problem needing immediate
A condition or problem attention because he is taking intervention
needing immediate
attention
TOTAL SCORE: 3. 16
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4th Prioritized Problem: Presence of Health Threat Due to Non Communicable Disease Related to Diabetes

Nature of the Problem 1 1/3x1 0.33 It is considered as a health threat because alcohol
Health Threat drinking can lead to diseases.
Magnitude of the 1 1/2x2 1 The problem can be easily modified through proper
Problem health intervention and education.
Partially
Preventive Potential 2 2/3x1 0.66 There is a high chance of preventing diseases by
Moderate avoiding alcohol drinking.
Salience of the Problem 2 2/2x1 1 This is not considered as a problem since clients
A condition or problem not only drink occasionally.
needing immediate
attention
TOTAL SCORE: 2.99
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5th Prioritized Problem: Presence of Health Deficit Due to Non Communicable Disease Related to Asthma

Nature of the Problem 2 2/3x1 0.66 Health Deficit, a person’s health condition can
Health Deficit develop, but in the case of the family, it is hereditary
Magnitude of the 1 1/2x2 1 Asthma can be modified but since genetics is
Problem involved, it can’t be eradicated entirely.
Partially
Preventive Potential 2 2/3x1 0.66 Asthma attacks can be avoided with proper
Moderate management but the chances of an attack are still
high because it is a genetic disease in this case
Salience of the Problem 2 2/2x1 1 Asthma needs immediate attention as this can be
A condition or problem not fatal to an individual when left untreated
needing immediate
attention
TOTAL SCORE: 2.98
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Prioritization of Problems:
Rank Score Problem

1 3.66 UTI
2 3.33 Alcohol Drinking
3 3.16 Hypertension
4 2.99 Diabetes
5 2.98 Asthma
Page 78 of 102
IV. FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN
INTERVENTION PLAN
FAMILY
HEALTH CONDITION OBJECTIVES OF
NURSING GOAL OF CARE METHOD OF
CARE RESOURCES
PROBLEMS NURSING INTERVENTION NURSE-FAMILY
REQUIRED
CONTACT
Health Condition: - Inability to After nursing After nursing Assess the patient’s description Home visit and zoom Pamphlets
recognize the intervention and health intervention and of pain such as severity of pain meeting for health
Urinary Tract Infection
presence of education, the family health education, and quality and monitor vital teaching Paraphernalia for taking
health problem will be able to: the client and the signs vital signs
- For health
due to lack of family will be able
inadequate - have adequate to: teaching, twice
Encourage the client to increase a week for a
knowledge about knowledge in UTI, its
fluid intake unless month
UTI treatment, causes, and - determine the
Cues: contraindicated and instruct
nature, and verbalize risk factor that
foods to avoid such as coffee,
Subjective: - Inability to understanding on the contribute to UTI
tea, spices, alcohol, and sodas
make decisions nursing care
“Mas napapadalas ang with respect to management for UTI - verbalize
pag-ihi ko, minsan ay Apply heating pad to relieve
taking knowledge of the
masakit din pag abdominal pain
appropriate health - relieve symptoms and causes, treatment,
lumalabas at hindi action due failure eliminate the infection factors and
normal ang Administer medication as
to comprehend and prevent recurrence complete medical
kulay tulad dati,” as ordered by the doctor
the nature of the treatment of UTI
stated by the patient. problem or
Page 79 of 102
INTERVENTION PLAN
FAMILY
HEALTH CONDITION OBJECTIVES OF
NURSING GOAL OF CARE METHOD OF
CARE RESOURCES
PROBLEMS NURSING INTERVENTION NURSE-FAMILY
REQUIRED
CONTACT
condition
Objective: RATIONALE
- Inability to - to achieve a normal - report the
facial grimace due to provide adequate urinary elimination absence of pain - To create a standardized way
abdominal pain, chills, nursing care to pattern to orient patients and providers
and fever the sick due to to their pain, and to help in
Urinalysis:
lack of determining the choice of
inadequate - urine color: intervention.
Vital signs: knowledge about yellow
the health - To helps facilitate urine
BP - 120/90 mmHg
condition - RBC: 3-5 hpf production, dilutes urine,
PR - 97 bpm
reduces irritation of the inflamed
RR - 20 bpm - Plus cells: 15-20
bladder.
Temp - 38.3 °C hpf
- The application of heat to the
- Epithelial Cell:
perineum help relieve pain and
++
spasm.
- Mucus Thread:
- It leads to significantly higher
++
symptomatic and bacteriologic
-Bacteria: Few cure rates and better prevention
Page 80 of 102
V. FAMILY HEALTH TEACHING PLAN
Goal:
OBJECTIVES CONTENT OUTLINE TEACHING TIME ALLOTMENT RESOURCES EVALUATION

(Cognitive, Psychomotor, LEARNING (mins) METHOD
Affective) ACTIVITIES
Cognitive A Urinary Tract Infection Human Resources: ● Knowledge
(General Objectives) (UTI) is an infection Total: ● Time and effort of the Assessments
● Case study
The patient will learn about affecting any part of the 60mins nursing students and ● Practical Skills
● Interactive
UTIs after 15 minutes of urinary system, including Specific to each TLAy the family members Assessments
workshop
nurse-patient engagement. the kidneys, ureters, ● Case Studies and
● Educational
bladder, or urethra. Material Resources: Problem-Based
Videos
(Specific Objectives) ● Anatomical Models Assessments
● Simulation
1. Define UTI ● Charts ● Observational
Exercises
- a common infection It's commonly caused by ● Diagrams assessment
● Visual Aid Board
that happens when bacteria, most often ● Printed teaching ● Others
bacteria, often from Escherichia coli (E. coli), materials for each
the skin or rectum, entering the urinary tract activity
enter the urethra, and multiplying, leading to ● Educational videos
and infect the inflammation and infection. demo (specify)
urinary tract. Other causes can include ● Reference videos
certain types of bacteria, ● Local tools and
fungi, or viruses entering standards
Page 81 of 102
the urinary tract, although
2. Different types of
bacterial infections are the
UTI
most frequent culprits
- Urethritis- an
infection of the
urethra, the hollow
tube that drains Causes of Urinary Tract
urine from the Infection:
bladder to the ● Sedentary (inactive)
outside of the body. life
● High Salt Intake
Psychomotor ● Genetics or family
(General Objectives) history
The patient would have ● Poor Hygiene
gained useful techniques to
properly manage and cope
with the condition after 15
minutes of nurse-patient
interaction.
(Specific Objectives)
The patient needs to
continue receiving
treatment and abstain from
certain salty foods.
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Affective
(
General Objectives)
After 20 minutes, the nurse
observes the patient’s
feelings, emotions, and the
significance of the
interactions.
(Specific Objectives)
The patient display’s
interest in changing their
lifestyle.
Page 83 of 102
VI. PAMPHLET
Page 84 of 102
Page 85 of 102
VII. CONCLUSION
This comprehensive case study focuses on the students of La Consolacion University Philippine Clinic extending to their family home environment to
address health concerns that could be affecting their overall well being. The students provided a set of families to be interviewed to comply and study
within their community in terms of health conditions. Here, one family (S. Family) was chosen on the basis of sourced outcomes that shows how
S. Family situation is to be prioritized by the students. Specifically, Urinary Tract Infection was the nature of the disease. The disease was studied
by the students to provide the family proper health interventions for them to understand and prevent themselves from acquiring it.
As the students implemented a study to further assess and guide the family, certain steps and interventions were done. The course of action
the students made, from assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, to evaluation, have made conclusions that are based on the objectives the
students made in connection with S. Family condition.
To formally conclude, the study made by the students obtained its objectives as it has been correlated to the evaluation of data presented
above. Because of the interventions made, the family were able to recognize the risk of Urinary Tract Infection through a set of discussions and
learning activities. They have also discovered UTI management at home to do home care treatments for family members in need from a thorough
hands-on experience. The students also manage to make the family understand the importance of personal hygiene, clean home environment, and
appreciate the importance of a healthy diet. Thus, S. Family now knows how to practice good personal hygiene and has made sure to share it
with others. These outcomes are made from a successful intervention and cooperation both from the students and the family members.
In addition to that, the students kept track of the family’s health status and conditions as well as their practices now that nursing
interventions were made. Starting from their individual selves, the members of the family now practices personal hygiene because they are now
aware that good health should always come from oneself first amongst other things. The family also maintains a clean and healthy home
environment and implements a better way to ensure the cleanliness of their home. From the individual family members, now shows how it affects
their way of living. Making notice and standard practices to maintain a clean surrounding influences their perspective that their way of doing
within their home can greatly affect one’s health condition. Now, they have the opportunity, basis, and knowledge to keep the members of the
Page 86 of 102
family healthy and safe from any health infection. These outcomes were made due to proper interference of the students to uphold good and
appropriate methods in teaching the family what they need to know and understand in order to promote good health and to prevent infection or
diseases.
In conclusion, the students manage to produce a good outcome from this study by achieving the set goals and objectives inclined by the
family’s health situation. However, there will always be room for improvement in any given set of accomplishments. Here are the recommendations
of the researchers for further knowledge teaching and awareness to the family and within the community:
1. For the family to create certain projects or rules in terms of environmental safety. To promote standards that will help them uphold
cleanliness within their vicinity. This is to require everyone to cooperate as it is a team effort that will make them achieve their goals and for them to
be aware of the consequences a dirty environment could have.
2. Continuous learning in terms of health, safety and disease prevention. This is for them to be well informed not just by Urinary Tract
Infection but also by other diseases they could acquire. By learning and understanding, the family will be able to prevent other diseases in the future.
3 . To take health measures seriously. Since the family has formed a habit before of having poor practice in terms of hygiene. They should
remember to not go back to it even if they do not have any illnesses because it surely will have its own effects in the future.
Page 87 of 102
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X. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. Photo Documentation
Page 100 of 102

Page 101 of 102
Grammar/Margins/Fonts/Other Formatting Concerns
Since community case study serves as one of the prime examples of nursing researches, students must narrate their study
using third person point of view. (E.g. “Nursing students” or “researchers” as sentence subjects, instead of saying “I” or “We”)
For typing and printing concerns, please observe the following:
✔ Font Style: Times New Roman
✔ Font Size: 12
✔ Margins: 2 inches left border
1.5 inch top, bottom, and right border
✔ Front Page: (See samples provided)
✔ Footer: Page numbers only.
E.g. Page 3 of 38
✔ Binding: Hard – Binding
✔ Page Layout: Landscape
✔ Hard – bind Color: Maroon
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LA CONSOLACION UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

Family Case Study: UTI

De Rueda, Kia Madine R. Perez, Hidemy Seña, Hannah Mae C.

Mr. Edward Gernalin Dr. Joseph Erol T. Cuevas, RN, MAN

Clinical Instructor Dean, College of Allied Medical Professions

Figure 1: The percentage distribution according to Sex Distribution

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Figure 10: The percentage distribution according to Services in the Community

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Cues/Data Health Condition

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Cues/Data Health Condition

Objective: The family is lacking in required daily water intake

Cues/Data Health Condition

Objective: The family member’s health condition disrupts the

Criteria Score Computation Actual Score Justification

Criteria Score Computation Actual Score Justification

Criteria Score Computation Actual Score Justification