Maths Ch-11

Exponents and Powers

Exponents
1. The short notation 104 stands for the product 10 × 10 × 10 × 10. Here ‘10’
is called base and ‘4’ the exponent.
2. The number 104 is read as 10 raised to the power of 4 or simply as fourth
power of 10. 104 is called the exponential form of 10000.

Laws of Exponents
1. am × an = am+n
Eg - 32 × 34 = 32+4 = 36
m
a
2.
m-n
n
= a
a
6
2
Eg - 24 = 2 =2
6-4 2

3. (am)n = amn
Eg - (23)5 = 23 × 5 = 215
4. a0 = 1
Eg - 20 = 1
5. am × bm = (ab)m
Eg - 22 × 32 = 62
m
a a m
6. b
m
=( )
b
2
3 3 2
Eg - 4 2 = ( 4 )

Exponential Form
1. The expansion of a number using powers of 10 in known as exponential
form.
Eg - 47561 = 4 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 5 × 102 + 6 × 101 + 1 × 100
Standard Form
1. Any number can be expressed as a decimal number between 1.0 and 10.0
including 1.0 multiplied by a power of 10. Such a form is called its standard
form.
Eg - 5985 = 5.985 × 103
34975.47 = 3.497547 × 104