Module 4

1. Explain the principle of operation of a PCM speech codec with neat diagram.
2. What are the main features of the MIDI standard and its associated messages.
3. With neat diagram, explain the operation of the basic DPCM signal encoder and
decoder.
4. With neat diagram, explain the operation of the basic ADPCM signal encoder and
decoder.
5. Explain how higher levels of compression can be obtained by making the predictor
coefficients associated with ADPCM adaptive?
6. Explain the principles on which LPC codes are based.
7. With neat diagram, explain the linear predictive coding.
8. With neat diagram, explain the operation of fixed bit allocation mode as used with a
Dolby AC-I coder.
9. With neat diagram, explain the operation of backward adaptive bit allocation mode as
used with a Dolby AC-2coder.
10. With neat diagram, explain the operation of hybrid backward/forward adaptive bit
allocation mode as used with a Dolby AC3 coder.
11. Compare MIDI with digital audio.
12. Explain how the sound is added to multimedia project.

Module 5
1. With neat diagram, explain the principles of interlaced scanning. Explain the terms
Field, Odd scan lines, even scan lines. Mention the number of scan lines per field in the
NTSC and the PAL systems. Mention the application where it is used.
2. Explain the three main properties of the colour source that the eye makes use of.
3. Explain the terms ‘luminance’, Chrominance’ and colour difference. How is the
magnitude of each primary colour present in the source, derived?
4. Why is the chrominance signal transmitted in the form of two colour difference signals?
Identify the colour difference signals associated with the NTSC and PAL systems.
5. Explain the composite video signal. With neat diagram explain the baseband spectrum
of colour television signals in both NTSC and PAL system.
6. With neat diagram, explain how two colour difference signals are transmitted within
the same frequency band as that used for the luminance signal.
7. Explain the need for the different digitization formats in the digital TV transmission.
8. With neat diagram, explain the 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 digitization format.
9. Derive the bit rate that results from the digitization of the 525-line and 625-line system
using the 4:2:0 digitization format and interlaced scanning. Hence derive the amount of
memory required to store a 2 hour movie/video.
10. Derive the bit rate that results from the digitization of the 525-line and 625-line system
using the 4:2:2 digitization format and interlaced scanning. Hence derive the amount of
memory required to store a 2 hour movie/video.
11. Explain the following relating to video compression: moving pictures, motion
estimation and motion compensation.
12. With neat diagram, explain the I, P, B, PB and D- frame types used in video
compression.
13. Explain why I-frames are inserted into the compressed output stream relatively
frequently. Explain group of pictures and prediction span.
14. With neat diagram explain the encoding and decoding procedure of I- , P- and B-
frames.
15. With neat diagram, explain how the motion vector and prediction error are computed
for a P-frame.
16. With neat diagram, explain how the motion vector and prediction error are computed
for a B-frame.
17. With neat diagram of the macroblock encoded bit stream format, explain the role of the
frame formatter.
18. Explain the following terms with respect to animation: grey scale colour, RGB colour
and colour transparency, sketch, sketch book.
19. Write simple codes to generate the basic shapes like line, rectangle, ellipse and circle.
20. Write simple codes or sequence of functions to generate any given object.