STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING FREQUENCY

PARTS OF THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

DISTRIBUTION

STATISTICS– is a branch of science, which deals Example : Raw scores of 40 students in a 50

with the collection, presentation, analysis and item mathematics quiz..
interpretation of quantitative data.
BRANCHES OF STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics – is a method concerned
with collecting, describing and analyzing a set of
data without drawing conclusion about a large
group.
Step 1: Find the Range
Inferential Statistics – is a branch of statistics Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score
concerned with the analysis of a subset of data R=HS- LS
leading to prediction or inferences about the R= 50-15
R= 35
entire set of data. n = 40

TYPES OF DATA Step 2: Determine the class size

Formula: ci=Range. Or ci=R
Grouped Data – the data is 30 and above Desire the number K
Ungrouped Data – the data is below 30 of classes

Solve the value of k

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION – is an organized k = 1+3.3 log n
tabulation or graphical representation of the k = 1+3.3 log 40
number of individuals in each category on the k = 6.286797971
k = 6
scale of measurement.
Find the class size
PARTS OF FREQUENCY TABLE c. i = 35
1. Class limit – is the groupings or categories 6
defined by the lower and upper limits. c. i = 5.833
c. i = 6
Example: LL - UL
10 - 14 Step 3: Tally the scores in the appropriate
15 - 19 class
20 - 24 X Tally Frequency ( f )
15-20 |||| 4
2. Class size / class interval ( c.i ) – is the width of 21-26. ||||||||| 9
each class interval. 27-32. ||| 3
3. Class boundaries – are the numbers used to 33-38. |||||||||| 10
39-44. |||| 4
separate each category in the frequency 45-59. |||||||||| 10
distribution. Add 0.5 to the upper limit and n=40
Step 4: Set up the class boundaries if needed.
subtract 0.5 to the lower limit.
LL UB LB. UB
Example: LL - UL LB - UB 15 - 20 14.5 - 20.5
10 - 14 9.5 - 14.5 21 - 26 20.5 - 26.5
15 - 19. 14.5 - 19.5 27 - 32 26.5 - 32.5
20 - 24. 19.5. - 24.5 33 - 38 32.5 - 38.5
SClass marks – are the midpoint of lower and 39 - 44 38.5 - 44.5
upper class limits. 45 - 50 44.5 - 50.5
Formula: XM =LL + UL X f Class Boundaries XM
15 - 20 4 14.5 - 20.5 17.5
2
Example: 21 - 26 9 20.5 - 26.5 23.5
27 -32 3 26.5 - 32.5 29.5
LL - UL Xm
33 - 38 10 32.5 - 38.5 35.5
10 - 14. -12
39 -44 4 38.5 - 44.5 41.5
15 - 19 -17 45 -50 10 44.5 - 50.5 47.5
20 - 24 -22 n = 40.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY Middle
_
MEAN
Measures of Central Tendency- is a summary
_
X= AMean+ -9 5
measure that attempts to describe a whole set of
data with a single value that represents the middle _ x=32+ -45
54

or centre of its distribution. There are 3 main

measures of central tendency and these are the _ . 54

mean, median, and the mode. _ x=32+(-0.83)

x=31.17
Bottom
Mean- the sum of all the numbers in the data set _
divided by the number of elements.
Computation of the Mean for Ungrouped Data _
X= AMean+ 207 5
_
X=Ʃx _ 54
x=12+ 1035
_ n
X = mean _
. 54

Ʃx = sum of all scores _

x=12+(19.17)
x=31.17
n = number of scores _
Example: The scores of the students in their

25
_
mathematics quiz are 25,16,10,11,14,20,9,24,25
X=Ʃx
16
10
11
_
n
x=154
14 . 9
20
9 _
X=17.11
24
25
x = 154
_
n = 9
_
Computation of the Mean of Grouped Data X= 1683
_
1. X=AMean+ Ʃfd. i _ . 54
_
2. X= Ʃfxm.
n. x=31.17

n.

Top7 _
_
X= AMean+ -225. 5_
_ 54
x=52+ -1,125 _
_. 54
x=52+(-20.83)
_x=31.17
 TYPE OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY,
THE MEDIAN
Median is the second type of measures of
central tendency. Median is what divides the
scores in the distribution into two equal parts.
Fifty (50%) lies below the median value and 50%
lies above the median.
Solution:
For classroom purposes, the first thing to do is
n= 32
to arrange in proper order. That is to arrange
2. 2
the scores from the lowest score to highest
UL=84.5
score or highest score to the lowest score.
CF=12
When the number cases are odd, the median is a
FC= 9
score that has the same number of score below
i=5
and above it. When the scores are even, determine
the average of the two middle most score that
have equal number of scores below and above it.

Ungrouped Data
1.Arrange the scores ( from lowest to highest or
highest to lowest)
2.Determine the middle most score in a distribution
in n is an odd number and get the average of the
two middle most score if n is an even number.
Example 1 Example 2

Solution:
Grouped Data
Steps to solve the grouped data Analysis
1. Complete the table for cf< The median
2. Get the n/2 of the scores in the distribution so value is 82.28,
that you can identify the MC which means
3. Determine the UL, CF,FC, i that 50% or
4. Solve the median using the formula the 16 scores
are less than
Formula to find the Median 82.28.
Lowest to highest.
-

-
 -mode
Measures of Central Tendency
– lower boundary of the modal class
MODE Modal Class (MC) –is a category containing the
MODE highest frequency
Mode is the third measure of central tendency. – difference between the frequency of the
The mode or the modal score is a score or modal class and the frequency above it, when the
scores that occurred most in the distribution. The scores are arranged from lowest to highest
mode or modal value of a data set is the most – difference between the frequency of the
frequently occurring value. It is classified as modal class and the frequency below it, when the
unimodal, bimodal, trimodal, and multimodal. scores are arranged from lowest to highest
ci – size of the class interval
Types of Mode
Unimodal is a distribution of scores that consist of Example 2. Scores of 40 students in a science class
only one mode. consists of 60 items and they are tabulated below.
Bimodal is a distribution of scores that consists Lowest to Highest
of two modes.
Trimodal is a distribution of scores that consists
of three modes, or
Multimodal is a distribution of scores that consists
of more than two modes

Mode for Ungrouped Data

Therefore, the mode of

the score distribution
that consists of 40
students in science class
is 38, because 38
occurred several times

The score that appeared most in Section A is 25;

hence, the mode of Section A is 25. There is only
one mode, therefore, score distribution is called
unimodal. The modes for Section B are 15, 25, and
20. There are three modes for Section B,
therefore, it is called a trimodal or multimodal. The
modes of Section C are 15 and 25, since both 15
Calmorin formula
and 25 appeared twice. There are two modes in
Section C, hence, the distribution is a bimodal. The
modes of Section D are 15, 26, 20, and 10, so it
have four modes. Therefore it is called multimodal
distribution. -. Mode
– lower boundary of the modal class
Mode of Group data c. – class interval
Modal Class (MC) – is a category containing the
Gabuyo Formula - highest frequency
– frequency of the class after the modal
class when arranged from highest to lowest
- – frequency of the class before the modal
class when arranged from highest to lowest
– frequency of the modal class
Example 3. Scores of 40 students in a math class
consists of 60 items and they are tabulated below.
Highest to Lowest

Multiply the -4 to the c or class interval which is

2.5..

Therefore, the mode of the score distribution

that consists of 40 students in mathematics class
is 33.5, because 33.5 occurred several times.