Chapter 4. Diesel power Plant Diesel, Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, Rudolf Christian Karl (1858-1913), German engineer, who invented the diesel engine, After studying in England, he attended the Polytechnic School in Munich, where he settled in 1893. In 1892 he Patented the internal-combustion engine named for him, which employed auto-ignition of fuel. While associated with the Krupp firm in Essen, he built the first successful diesel engine, utilizing low-cost fuel. In 1913, while on a voyage to England, Diesel drowned in the English Channel. Diesel Engine is an excellent prime mover for electric power generation in capacities of 101 hp to 5070 hp. These are widely used in hotels , utility companies , municipalities and private industries. ad > Exhaust gases Generator The design of diesel electric power plant includes the following elements; the Slationary diesel engine, fuel system, lubricating system, cooling system, intake aNd exhaust system, starting system, and the governing system. Advantages of the diesel engine: 1. The cost of diesel fuel is cheaper than other fuels Itneeds no long warming up thas no standby losses 't has uniformly high efficiency of all sizes 'thas a simple plant lay out Itneeds no large water supplywv-2 Chapter 04 ~ Diesel Power Plant Enging a PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWER PLANT 1. Heat supptiea by fuel, Q,: = mcm © Sampte Probiem: ( Calculatin, What is the heat that can be Supplied by 39 kg/hr diesel fuel whose heating Value is 43,912 kJ/kg? 1g the heat supplied by Fuel ) San. '39/3600)43,912 kus or kW Muswer Qs = 475.71 kW 2 Air Fuet Ratio, 2, © Sample Probiem: (Calculating the A\ The density of air 0.51m"s. If the m fuel Ratio ) entering the engine is 1.19 kg/m? who: aie is, se volume flow ? #85 ow rate of fuel is 124 a kg/h, what is the air fuel a a> 0 3/3 where: = 121.98 halt = 0.034 kaigspores Plant Engineering Reviewer ving for the mass of air po Va = 1.19(0.51) = 0.6069 ka/s ms = then; Answer 4 = 18 kg air/ kg fuel 3. Piston Displacement , Vo: Piston displacement is the volume displaced by the piston as it moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. where: D = bore or diameter of the piston Eiaetéo scone i ee — divide the engine speed ne = no. of cinders N" by 2. n= no. of piston actions 4 Sample Problem: ( Calculating the Piston displacement ) Determine the piston displacement of 35 cm x 45 em, 4 — stroke, 1200 rpm, 8- cylinder diesel engine? } LNnan, Va = (225 35)*(0. #0 45132 1200 Anwer: Vg = 3.46 m8Iv-4 Chapter 04 ~ Diesel Power Plant Enging, ting * 4. Piston Speed — Piston speed is the total distance @ piston travels in a given time, ‘Piston Speed = 21. " where 2L = distance traveled by piston in one revolution | N = angular speed in rpm or ps | © Sampte Problem: (Caicuiating the piston speed of a Diesel Engine) ‘What is the piston speed of a 30 dm x 36 cm diesel engine running at 1100 tom? San. The piston speed (V): Piston speed = 2 LN = 2(0.35)(1100/60) Answer: Piston speed = 12.83 mis S- Indicated Power, Ping: Indicated power is the power developed by the action of a piston within & cylinder, so named because it is measured by use of an indicator, where: Pri = indicated mean effective pressure @ calculating the indicat, n ed mean effective pressure usi™ data provided by the Planimeter, Planimeter measures the area of actual P — \ diagram traced by engi® indicator. Pesssy a of indicator card diagram Sc = spring scale = length of indicator card diagramS| % Power Plant Engineering Reviewer Iv-5 ee enennenennen @ If working cylinder and crankcase are to be considered: |" Crankcase compression i used for scavenging. we = working cylinder | cc = crankcase @ Sample Problem: ( Calculating the indicated power of a Diesel Engine ) } The cylinder diameters of an eight — cylinder, single acting, four-stroke diesel engine are 750 mm and the stroke is 1125 mm. The indicated mean effective pressure in the cylinders is 586 kPa when the engine is running at 110 rpm. Calculate the indicated power. Soitam Pind = Pri LAN nerip Ping = 586 (1.25) [F075] (a (8\(1) Answer: Ping = 2,135.82 KW G Sample Problem: (Calcuiating the indicated power using indicator card diagram ) The area of an indicator diagram taken off a four-cylinder, single acting, four stroke engine when running at 5.5 revis is 380 mm?, the length is 70 mm and the scale of the indicator spring is 1 mm_= 80 kPa. The diameter of the cylinders Is 180 mm and the stroke is 200 mm. Calculate the indicated power of the engine assuming all cylinders develop equal power. Stim, | Prag = Poy LANNeMy | where: | Py = mean height x spring scale | Pri = (Ae! Le ) Se | Pm = (390/70) (80/1) = 445.71 kPa thus, | Poa = caxsroy0a “22 faye Answer Pipg = 17.376 KWa Chapter 04 - Diesel Power Plant Engineering ,, © Brake Power, P, ft. Brake power is alway Brake power is the power delivered to a sha’ 8 than the indicated power for a given engine, ems oe of the developed by the cylinders is used to oversorne Funning the engine. The other term of brake power is shaft power. Behe ee Brake power is calculated using either prony brake or dynamometer |. © Sample Problem: ( Calculating the Brakepower of a Diesel Engine ) The flywheel of a rope brake is 1.22 m.diameter and the rope is 24 mm diameter. When the engine is running at 250rev/min the load on the brake is 480 'N on one end of the rope and 84 N on the other end. Calculate the brake power. The load (F) on the brake(F): F= 480 -84 = 306N The radius (1): r= 401220424) = 622mm r =0.622m The torque(T): T = 396 ( 0.622) = 246.31 Nem The Brakepower (P.): py = 28(246.31(250) ~~ ~69 = 6,448.43 w Pnswor Py = 6.448 kW Li4 power Plant Engineering Reviewer @ Brake power in terms of : Se coments brake mean effective pressure and piston Po = brake mean effective pressure Py = brake power Vp = piston displacement fj Sample Problem: (Calculating the brake mean effective pressure ) Assingle acting, 8 cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore to stroke of 442.10 mm x 210.45 mm operates at 1200 rpm. ‘The load on the brake arm at {mis 150 kg. What is the brake mean effective pressure in kPa? Litam Po: Pre Va The volume displacement (Vo) : 1200 Vb = [zosar? Jozi lent) 4 2(60). Vp = 0.267 m/s The brakepower (Pb): where; the torque (7): T= 150 (0.00081 )] (1) | | T= 1.4715 kN The brakepower(Po): 2n(1.4715)1200) , = 2n(L47 15120 Ps 60 Pp = 184.91 KW The mean effective pressure (Pro): 184.91 = Pro (0.267) Arawee Pry = 692.55 KPA i | 11v-8 Chapter 04 - Diesel Power Plant Engineering rN ne 7. Friction Power, Pr! Friction Power is the power dissipated in an engine through friction. @ Calculating friction power using Morse test method applied to mutt — cylinder engines: Consider a six — cylinder engine The indicated power if all six cylinders are firing » No matter how many cylinder, Pee) = Pr) — Prey are fring, the fiction pours If one cylinder is cut, or five cylinders are firing constant. | Pina (6) = Pexs) — Pas ( } Derived from two equations above, equating the friction power: Pina (6) Ping (5) = Pina (1) = Poy) ~ Ps Thus, the total indicated power for six cylinder engine is, Ping 6) = 6 ( Pris) - Prys) ) © Sample Problem: ME BoARD ProBLem ( Calculting the indicated power) A six cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm stroke was in the laboratory at 200 rpm, when it was fou: Pees 1 The si -m engine consumed 12.2 kg of fuel per hour wi when one cylinder was out air at 15.6°C. Determine the indicated Slam. Pears) = 6 ( Pu - Psy ) = @{ 27(0.1535\'2000) | Prva 6) eo 20200) Aaswer Poa a) = 38.33 KW i. Mechanical Efficiency, en Mechanical Efficiency is the ratio of the brake power to the indicated power Pri = indicated mean effective Pressure Paw = indicated mean brake pressure Sample Problem: ( Calculating the mechanical efficiency of a diesel engine ) What is the mechanical efficiency of a 0.5 MW diesel engine if the friction power is 70 kW. Shiton The mechanical efficiency: Py en Bnd The indicated power: Ping = Pp + Pr Pins = 500 + 70 KW Pra = 570 KW substitute: ae) 570 Auer. em = 0.8772 oF 87.72 % % Electrical or Generator Efficiency; Cyn Electrical or Generator Efficiency is the ratio of the generator power to the brake power.@ Sample Problem: (Calculating the generator efficiency given the brakepower) ‘A 16 - cylinder V - type diesel engine is directly coupled to 3/4 mw sy Calculate the generator efficiency of the engine if the b ae | generator. | ower is 833.33 kW | Slam P, 3/4 2 fn, oo ane 0088 taswer gen = 0.90 0F 20 % 10. Thermal efficiencies, e, Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of the work done by a heat engine to the heat supplied by the fuel. a. Indicated thermal efficiency, eu Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio indicated poer to the heat supplied by the fuel. {9 Sample Problems: (Calculating the indicated thermal efficiency ) A3.5 MW diesel electric power plant uses 3500 it iod. What S gallons in 24 hrs period. ict the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine if the generator and efficiencies are 90% and 92% respectively? Oil is 28°API. Retin ey = Pind. my Solving for Qn : Qy = 41,130 + 139.6 ( 28 ) Qn = 45038.80 kilkg=e cere So 5 0] Se ee ee er > ee = == mo Dingess ee See RR et ee, {Remar se soiree ar Se SS Se ee > ame me 2 ee a SS et fe oe we pelea cS om se er PPE lS Ske 5 a0 7 cee teers eee ee aoe etre ee ee 2 weer = fe peas 2 ode ee SO est Se Pe ee Pere = sae a- =| t Iv-ll sz porer Pant Engincering Reviewer sowing f0F Met: onsc= wits S.G.188¢ = 7575598 pret = 0.887(1000) = 887 kg/m? = 0.887 miu = Pret Vive : 3.785 = 887 | 3500] ———— || = Mive! [ (22) 11750.53 kg Mass of fuel per second: _ 1750.53 _ uel = 5403600) = 0.136 kg/s oe = 3500 kW (0.136 ka/s X45038.80 k3/kg) 0.5714 or 57.14 % s i 2 b. Brake thermal efficiency, ew Brake thermal efficiency is the ratio of the brake supplied by the fuel. power to the heat {i tample Problest ME BOARD PROBLEM (Catlsting the irate thermal oAcency) A supercharged six eylinder, four stroke cycle diesel engine of 10.48 cm Bore an 127 om etoke has a compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a dynamometer with a 53.34 cm arm ‘at 2500 rpm, the scale reads 81.65 kg. 2.86 ig of fuel of 45,822.20 kJ/kg heating value are burned during a6 min. test and onanared to the cylinders at the rate of 0.162 kg/s. Find the brake thermal mnicy.. Sem. ey = Ao ™Qh Solving for Pp: T = 81.65(0.00981)(0.5334) T= 0.42725 kN-mcette, se] Power Plant Engineer; 9 Chapter 04 Py = 2RTN _ 2n(0.42725)(2500) 444, 954 kW 60 60 Solving for. mi 2.86 = Foy ~ 0.00794 kals thus;. 111.854 ew = ——_________ 0.00794(45,822.20) = ew = 0.307 ‘c. Combined or Over - all thermal efficiency, ec Combined or over — all thermal efficiency is the ratio of the electrical generator power to the heat supplied by the fuel @ Sample Problem: ( Calculating the combined thermal efficiency ) A 16 - cylinder V - type diesel engine is directly coupled to 1 MW AC genet Calculate the combined thermal efficiency if the heat supplied by the fuel ere = 0.40 or 40 % 11. Engine efficiencies, ¢, a. Indicated engine efficiency, e4, en fic Indicated engine efficiency is the ratio of the indicated thermal © the ideal thermal efficiency. Pon ae. 3a as—— es 6 ME Beard Problem (Catsatng the ccc eftcieny ) What is the indicated a é z ge thermal efficiency is 35 % ona yor eney of diesel engine i the indicated Blin 35 45 Prswes Cs = 77.78 % Cai b. Brake engine efficiency, es, Brake engine efficiency is the ratio of the brake thermal efficiency to the ideal thermal efficiency. @ Sample Problem: (Calculating engine efficiency ) A 500 kW diesel has a heat rate of 12,000 kJ/kw-hr. The compression tatio is 16:1, cut of ratio of 2.3. Assume k = 1.32. Calculate the engine , efficiency based on the output of 500 kW. Son Let: es» = brake engine efficiency = Se ew = The brake thermal efficiency, ew: 12,000 Solving for cycle efficiency, € 1 (| =1-——_|——__ naar: @ = 0.5195 oF 51.95 %| Iv-14 Chapter 04 - Diesel Power Plant Engineering nena The engine efficiency , es: Gop = meee 0.5777 51.95 en = 57.77 % ¢. Combined or over - all engine efficiency, esc Combined or over — all engine efficiency is the ratio of the i o Combined of over — all thermal efficiency to the ideal thermal efficiency, ® ME Board Probiem (Calculating the combined engine efficiency) {f the over ~ all thermal efficiency of a diesel engine is 33 % and the diesel Cycle efficiency 49% , what is th fe combined engine efficiency? 7 Cee = 0.33/0.49 PMncwwer Cee = 67.35 % 12. Volumetric efficiency, e, Volumetric efficiency is the ratio Of the volume of air drawn into a cylinder to the piston displacement. ™,R,T, Va = —E** = volume of ar A Yo= piston displacement ' @ Sample Proview: (Calcsiating the Volumetr Determine the volumetric efficiency of 35 cylinder diesel engine if the air dra ic efficiency) gat om x 45 om, 4 stroke 1200 'wn in the engine is 3 m/s?The volume displacement, Va: ves (Se Var =) (0.45) [=] (8) 4 2(60) Va = 3.46 m/s The volumetric efficiency, ey: aoe Va Answar Ov = a 0.87 or 87 % 3.46 ” 13, Specific Fuel Consumption, m Specific fuel consumption is the mass flow rate of fuel consumed per unit power developed. It is also known as specific propellant consumption. a. Indicated specific fuel consumption, m: 8 sampte Probiesm: (Calcuting the indicated fue coneumption) What is the indicated specific fuel consumption of a six cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm bore x 89 mm stroke and indicated power of 38.33 KWif the angine consumed 12.2 kg/hr of fuel? Shite y= 12.2 ko 38.33 «Wor b. Brake Specific fuel consumption, mpIv-16 Chapter 04 © Sample Problem: (Calculating the brake specific fuel consumption) A four-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 inches and é Can effectiy, pressure of 164 psi. What is the brake specific fuel consumption in Ib per tee inches respectively and, speed of 950 rpm has a brake mean ¢ hr ifthe engine consumed 468.55 Ibs of fuel per hour? Letom The brake mean effective pressure consumption, Me ees m= Bi Solving for Pp: = PmplANn 7 33,000 where: A= =a) = 0.44? 4 (12 p, = [64(144)](17/12X0.44X950/2)(6) 7 33,000 Pp = 1,201.40 Hp then: _ 468.55 m * 4201.40 Answer: My = 0.39 Ib/hp-hr c. Combined or Over-all specific fuel consumption, mc where: in the above formulas the mass flow rate of fuel, mis in kg/s. Sample Problem: (Calculating the combined specific fuel consumption) A 16 - cylinder V - type diesel engine is directly coupled to 1 generator. Calculate the combined specific fuel consumption if consumed is 1 kg/s: jiesel Power Plant Engineering A mw he x etawwer Me = 3.6 kg/kW- hr 14. Heat Rate, HR Heat Rate is the rate of energy charge per unit of power. To calculate the heat rae is fo multiply the specific fuel consumption by the heating value of A. Indicated Heat Rate, HR, : § Sample Problem: ( Calculating the indicated heat rate ) A four cylinder, 4 stroke cycle, 20 cm x 25 cm x 550 rpm diesel engine has a mean effective pressure of 150 psi. If the heat supplied by the fuel is 50 kW, what is the indicated heat rate? Sin HR, = 2.3800 h Solving for Indicated power, Ping: Poa = PmLANN ~ [yen (102-325 (0.2)? ae Poa = [s0(201225}Jo5{ 4 | 260) { Ping = 148.875 KW then; = (60)3600 148.875 eawes: HR, = 1209.07eee ee 04 - Diesel Power Plant Engineering * ter reie_ Spar ote Fo ES s. Brake Heat Rate, HRs + monet ae lating the brake heat rate ) ) Sample Problem: (Calcul 14.305 mm x. 487 mm four stroke single acing diane eovine ® fad fat 150 kW at 260 rpm. Fuel consumption at rated 80.28 oh Fr with a heating value of 43,912 kJ/kg. Calcul : Rlbitons 0) Hy = 4942600) , HR» = mcQh HR. = (0.26 kg/kW ~hhr)(43,912 kJ/kg) Atnawer: HRy = 11,417.12 KIIKW — he C. Combined or Over-all Heat Rate, HR. + ) Sample Problem: ( Calculating the combined heat rate ) ‘The kilowatt output of a generator coupled to a diesel engine is 1.5 MW. If the mass of fuel with heating Value 45,000 ku/kg consumed by the engine is 0.04 kg/s, what is the combined heat rate? Blin fre = (004K48.000)3600) _ is 1,500 kW-hr tnswer: HRe = 4,329 —K kW = hr 15. Generator Speed, Nant Engineering Reviewer -19 x poner x 1g Sesuple Problem: (Calculating the generator speed ) ‘An eight-cylinder, two-cycle, single-acting diesel engine rated at 1250 Hp at standard condition is to be directly coupled to a 24-pole alternator, 3 phase, 60 cycles. What is the generator speed? Sion 120f _ 120(60) N= 24 n Auawer: N= 300 rpm 16, Energy Stream Exhaust Loss Cooling Loss Friction, Radiation, .. losses Useful Work rr nr ER SONS (%) t, (kJ/hr) (k3/kg) COOLING LOSS Useful Out teake output) 3600 Po my Qh oe | a “eding Loss my Cu dTw m/Qn aa be “aust Lo oes ee Cog ST: mQ ¢ Mg Cpg O'9 th iy Fregtlon, \Uaooo and By Difference my Qn Ahietis ag uted Losses 100%iesel Power Plant Engineering , Iv-20 Chapter 04 - D based on 100 % heat input of fuel Typical full - load heat balance Diesel cycle Otto cycle 1. Useful Output ( Brakepower ) 5 * 2 i 2. Cooling Loss ae oe 3. Exhaust Loss sieat a ae ve i st 10% 4. Radiation, Friction, Unaccoun 10%, ee Air out 17. Diesel engine with closed cooling system t (T-T By Energy Balance Qu = Ow Mj Com AT aj = Me Cow ATw 18. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler Exhaust or Flue gas Cooing waverIv-21 By energy balance: Qaicam = Que Ma (hehe) = m5 Cop Aty = aut hy -hy Boiler efficiency, eyoiter ! Qsteam . Ms (hs) 8 as 2 My Cog At, 19, Engine operated at high altitudes (Py [PE P, {| —=— | — English Units \ 29.92 V520 } P. T P= P| | SI Units vo1a2s 2808 : standard power or power at sea lev! ew pressure or actual barometric pressure n in. Hg new temperature or actual absolute temperalure R 0 " The decrease in pressure is approximately 1 in. Hg per 1000 ft elevation. Pua = 2992- cha HO yximately 3.6°R per 1000 f se in temperature is appro. The decrea: elevation 36M Rg. T = 520- T5600oem, | Iv -22 Chapter 04 ~ Diesel Power Plant ‘Sample Problem: ( Calculating the maximum power delivered at a given Alevation Coneterng he eens dalvred by 1500 KW engine at 2800 fe Considering the pressure effect alone? Stn, P, fz - Pi, | — ee J . (ss Aa ‘Solving for Pye, P, h aut = 29.92 - _D_ 1000 2800 P, = 29.92 . U0 som = 29.92 - TP Pac = 27.12 in. Hg T = §20°R (for there's no effect in temperature) then; 27.12 [520 Pep, |<212 = (22 | Anau P= 1359.63 KWGORE in NDANENTAS of POWER PLANT ENGINEER NG per mEBoardProbien @Part 4: Diesel Power Plant six cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm bore x 89 mm stroke in the laboratory at 2000 rpm, when it was found that the engine ye was 153.5 N-m with all the cylinders firing but 123 N-m when one jinder was out, The engine consumed 12.2 kg of fuel per hour with a heating value of 54,120 ki/kg of air at 15.6°C. Determine the indicated & A was run tora A 32.1 kW C. 23.3 kW B, 38.4kW D. 48.3 kW Slitine Indicated Power = Brake power + Friction power Ping = Pp + Pr Solving for Pp and Pr : 2nTN P= _ 2n(0.1535)(2000) 7 60 = 32.15 kW 2 '5) _ 2n(0.123X2000) P= [=+48) 220.125)2000) |e = 6.18 kW thus; Poa = 32.15 + 6.18 = Prog = 38,33 KW * Past ME Board Problem * A Single-acting, four cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore to Stoke of 21.59 cm x 27.94 cm, operating at 275 rpm, consumes 8.189 kg/hr fuel whose heating value is 43,961.4 Ki/kg. The indicated mean effective resure is 475.7 kPa. The load on the brake arm, which is 93.98 cm is a4 kg. What is the brake arm mean effective pressure? 412.20 kPa C. 319.95 kPa 124.17 kPa D. 645.53 kPaChapter 04 - Diesel Power Plant * = Pm = ap Solving for the piston displacement, Vp : bp Vo = (se) (0.2159)? 275 (x23) 02700) 7] (4) 0.09376 m? /s Solving for the brake Power, Py : Tt 113.4 (0,00981)(0.9394) 1.045 kN-m _ 2nTN Poe Eo = 2n(1.045)(275) = Boe }e75) 30.09 kW thus; i 30.09 ™ "0.09376 @ Pm = 320.93 kPa % 3. Past ME Board Probiem A supercharged six cylinder, four stroke cycle diesel engine of 10.48 <™ i and 12.7 cm stroke has a Compression ratio of 15. When it is with a 53.34 cm arm at 2 2.86 kg of fuel of 45,822.20 ky/i Power Plant Engineering Reviewer Fe meee ‘solving for Py : T= 81.65(0.00981)(0,5334) = 0.42725 kN-m i 2nTN P= = 2n(0.42725)(2500) 60 = 111. 854 kw ; Solving for m, : m= 2:86 6(60) = 0.00794 kg/s thus; 111.854 ®» = 9(00794(45,822.20) = ey = 0.307 % 4 Past ME Board Problem 80 Bhp developed by an i it was found out that_of the | p ne ee Hp are absorbed by th the oe ieee! a ie poe te id the radiator. e teat ean en that temperature, enthalpy of the water is 168.07 ib at eros the bottom of the radiator at 190°F and wth an enthalpy or i58.08 Btuy/by. What is the water flow rate for a steady — Condition? C. 23 gal/min 23 selinin D. 24 gal/min 20 gal/min Sa, Vy = tw Pw04 - Diesel Power Plant « Solving for mass flow rate, Mw Q= me (h- he) 4542.4) = My (168.07 - 158.03 ) my = 190.04 Ib thus; 190.04 Ma “64 fe Zag) = 3.0855 = Cae © Vw = 22.78 gal/min Past ME Board Problem * A certain diesel engine with the following specifications, 8 cylinder, 400 mm x 600 mm, four stroke cycle has a fuel consumption of 0.60 lbs/hp-hr based on 19,100 Btu/Ib. Engine speed is 280 rpm with an indicated mean effective Pressure of 130 psi. If the jacket water carries away an estimated 25% of ne supplied, find its capacity (GPM) required if the allowable rise is A 2419 c B. 236.5 D. pe Slaton, Vv, = Ow Pw Solving for the mass flow rate of the water: w= (Zim = { 20.4)? 280 4 “|| 22 = 1.407 mys Pet = Pm Vp : [35] (407)ing Revi Iv-22 ptt plant Engineering Reviewer L = 1260.77 kW'= 1690.04 Hp ass of fuel, Me: Ib m = 0.6 p= ( 1690.04 Hp ) Ib = 02 — 1014.02 5 | Heat supplied ; Qs : | = MA | = 1014.02 ( 19,100 ) = 19,367,782 Btu/hr Heat carried by jacket water, Qw Qu = 0.25 ( 19,367,782 ) = 4,841,945.50 Btu/hr 10,699.09 Btu/min The mass flow rate of water.; Mw 80,699.09 = my,( 1.0) (40) my, = 2,017.48 Ib/min thus; 2,017.48 Vw = i 624-5 fe (28 #) ; " 32.33 —— | B rie i min | Vy = 241.84 gal/min or gpm eS y Past ME Board Problem * 42000 kav diesel engine unit uses 1 bbl oll per 525 kw-hr produced. Oil is x 3%, mechanical efficiency of engine is ‘API, Efficiency of generator Is 9 80%. What is the thes nal efficiency of the engine based on indicated power A. 31.69% * 29.47 % C. 39.6% D. 35.6%ary Iv-28 Chapter 04 — Diesel Power Plant * oe on net The indicated thermal efficiency, ey : = Ang fo Ma = [ay (Sy [[osos'a) (228s a. J = 143.724 kg Qe 41,130 + 139.6°API = 41,130 + 139.6 (25) = 44,620 ki/kg The indicated power : 525 ™ * s3y0.80) = 705.645 kW-hr = 2,540,323 kW-s or k) thus; the indicated thermal efficiency ey: . 2,540,323 (143.724\44,620) &u= 0.3961 or 39.61 94” Power develop at an altitude of 1981.2m: P=p, | Pat i 29.921 520 Solving for Pac: Pa = 29.92- e 1000 9000. [220200] : 1000 = 23.42 in. Hg 23.42 Pa-25(— 5 (22) @ P = 1.957MW * ‘ Past ME Board Problem 4373 KW ( 500 Hp ) internal combustion engine has a brake mean effective Pressure of 551.5 kPa at full load. What is the friction power if mechanical efficiency is 85 %. A. 88.23 Hp C. 99.24 Hp 8. 77,23 Hp D. 66.24 Hp Sen, Friction Power = Indicated Power — Brake Power Pr = Prod — Po Solving for Ping : oe Re 0.85 = 500 FindIv-30 Chapter 04 — Diesel Power Plant . Pra = 588.23 Hp thus; Py = 588.23 - 500 = Py = 88.23 Hp Ser coe eg ace ee , * 9% Past ME Board Problem A dynamometer test was done for one hou y in diesel engine. It was found to use 42 kg of fuel having Qn = 42,000 Cylinder is 22.8 cm x 27 cm, 4 cycle cm type. , dynamometer torque at 27000 kg cm. Determine the brake thermal efficiency, : i g A 31.15% C. 32.36 % B. 29.16% D, 35.52 % Sletan, The brake thermal efficiency, ey : «bh $F Qs = MQn Solving for brakepower, Py, : T = 27,000 kg cm = 2.65 kKN-m _ 2nTN ae = 2x(2.65X550) 60 = 152.63 kw thus; 152.63 (42/3600)(42,000) © Gy = 0.3115 or 31.15 % ep = incite+ power Plant Engineering Reviewer ean ve. Past ME Board Problem A four-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 Inches and 42 inches respectively and speed of 950 rpm has a brake mean s pressure of 164 psi. The specific fuel consumption is 0.39 Ib/bhp-hr at Pre fuel heating value is 18,500 Btu/Ib. Determine the thermal efficiency. A, 32.57% C. 57.35% B. 35.27% D. 45.57% Sliiton A myQy Solving for Py : & = P= PmplANn 33,000 where: ae E(2) = aan 4\12 r p, = {ueacia4y](17/12y0.44¥950/2)(8) id 33,000 = 1,201.40 Hp Solving for the mass of fuel, mr : Ib = 0. 40, BH) m = 0.39 Bape (1204 BHp) = 468.547 Ib/hr then, (1201.40(2545) & = aa a ;: Note: = aee5q7CRS0) jote : 1 Hp = 2545 Btu/hr thus; &% = 0.3527 or 35.27 % 1 Past ME Board Problem 4% A four-stroke 394 mm bore and 534 mm stroke single wi : igle acting diesel conor cylinders is guaranteed to deliver 350 BHp at 300 fem The cae the j2Med 66.8 kg/hr of fuel with a heating value of 44,251 ki/kg Calculate mean effective pressure in kPa If mechanical efficiency is 89%core ecco Revere et * past ME Board Problem a four-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 inches and 42 inches respectively and speed of 950 rpm has a brake mean effective of 164 psi. The specific fuel consumption is 0.39 Ib/bhp-hr and the fuel_heating value is 18,500 Btu/Ib. Determine the thermal efficiency. A. 32.57 % C. 57.35 % B, 35.27% D. 45.57% Slain ee Se TQ Solving for Pp : p, = PotANn 33,000 where: n(9\ fe a= 5(3) ae Re [164(144)](17/12X0. 44(950/2)(8) - 33,000 = 1,201.40 Hp Solving for the mass of fuel, my : Ib = 0: 1,201.40, BHp) = 039 Br ( t = 468.547 lb/hr then; Gp = (1201.40X2545) Note : 1 Hp = 2545 Btu/hr 468.547(18,500) thus; * & = 0.3527 or 35.27 % Pea es eeresan thea UiguMa = Pest ME Roard Problem * \ four-stroke 394 mm bore and 534 mm stroke single acting diesel engine th four cylinders is guaranteed to deliver 350 BHp at 300 rpm. The engine thesumed 66.8 kg/hr of fuel with a heating value of 44,251 ki/kg, Calculate indicated mean effective pressure in kPa If mechanical efficiency is 89%.1 04-Diesel Power Plant Cc. 490 kPa A. 451 kPa D. 425 kPa Solving for brake power, Po : Vo (2 june zl (3 | asn| ze | 2(60) 0.651 m/s Prrate = Pr Vo 350(0.746) = Pre (0.651) Pry = 401.08 kPa thus; 401.08 0.89 = Py = 450.65 kPa Pri = 12. Past ME Beard Problem * A305 mm x 457 mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 kW at 260 rpm. Fuel consumption at rated "load is 0.36 Kg/KW-hr with # heating value of 43,912 Ki/kg. Calculate the brake themval efteiency. A. 31.63% C. 21.63 B. 41.63 % Dd. 35.63% San ' oa oe TAQ, Solving for me: kt my = 0.28 GS ( 150 KW) = 39 kg/hr = 0.0108 kg/s 4a ite Oc one 150 =~ 9.0108(43,912) =. = 0.3163 or 31.63% 3 Supplementary Problem = Afour cylinder, 4 stroke cycle, 20 cm x 25 cm x 550 rpm diese! engine has mean effective pressure of 150 psi. Calculate the brake power in kW if engine efficiency is 88 %. a BIW C141 kW 8 138kW D. 148 kW Sin Py = Cm Pag Solving for Indicated power, Ping: Pas = Pa LANn be 101.325 70.2)? T 550 = [1s0( 147 fos 4 [sb = 148.875 kW then; P, = (0.88)(148.875) thus; = Py= 131.01 kW *< tastmtbanca uae # A four stroke, direct injection diesel engine of 4 in. bore x 4.5 in. stroke 45 Hp at full load and 8 Hp when running at idling load. Engine P=*1is 2,200 rpm. What is the mechanical efficiency. 85% C. 77% 5 88% D. 74% Sen en = Porate P, inda SOE SA Diesel Power Pian ited Power, Ping : Prd = Phiten ++ Porate “To sty ate = 53 Hp thus; _ 45 ED we, = 0.8491 or 84,91 % a ‘ 1s. Past ME Board Problem * A500 kW diesel has a heat rate of 12,000 hO/kw-hr. The COMPression tig is 16:1, cut of Fatio of 2,3, Assume k = 1.32. Calculate the engine based on the Output of 500 kW, A. 57.77% efficiency C.47.77 % B. 57.78% D. 37.67% Sezn, 95195 oF 51 9¢ % thus; 330 hes 3195 = 05777 7 Cys 87.77 %¢ Power Plant i is Past ME Board Problem ifthe brake mean effective pressure ofa dese! engine mechanical efficiency is 85%, what is the indica fea 500 Kpa and i > A. 588.24 kPa g. 524.88 kPa C. 688.24 kPa D. 624.88 kPa Sebton Prob = fae Poni 500 oss = 2 Pri thus; © Pm = 588.24 kPa % 17, Past ME Board Problem The brake thermal efficiency of a 1 MW diesel electric_plant is 36 %. Find the heat generated by fuel in kW if the generator efficiency is 89 %. A. 3,121.10 kW C. 4,121.10 KW B. 3,528.64 kW D. 4,528.64 kW Slime = a= fb Qs Solving for brake power, Pp: 1000 yen, = 2000 A = 1000 0.89 Py = 1,123.60 kW then; 0.36 = 1,123.60 s thus; Q. = 3,121.10 kWa. Chapgar 04 = Dinsal Power pr... : IV-36 8. Past ME Board Problem i - : ft ese i Ct ee one S00 i eel with 8 poles producing current 60 He ig alternatit ion gear? Ssthe speed ratio of spezd reduction gear? A 26:1 D. 4.6:1 = 2sTN 60 = 2n(2)N ie 60 N. = 2387.32 rpm 120f 120 Ny = 20 _ 60) Te pow We | 19. Past ME Board Problem % A diesel engine is Operating on a le the HP-tr. The compressior ene 4 StOkE cycle hag a heat rate of 8000 r ae engine cficenes” ‘6801813, cutof Tato is 2 and k = 1.32. Fs . 63, 49.% : B. 64,39 o% C. 69.43 % D. 46.93 % Sox, ley a = Se Sorte Solving for ‘ 99 For cycle efficiency, Cert Sone = 1. 1 GeIv-37 (2y!2 apn 2 1.32(2-1) = 0.5010 or 50.10 % Solving for brake thermal efficiency, ex, : 3600 ee = AR, (SI units) 2545 “HR, (English units) _ 2545 * 8000 = 0.3181 or 31.81% thus; _ 31.81 fe = 50.10 ey =-0.6349 or 63.49 % % 20. Past ME Board Problem What is the mechanical efficiency of a 0.5 MW diese! engine if the friction power is 70 kW. A. 87.72 % B. 84.55 % C. 89.61 % D. 88.24 % Solving for Ping * Prag = Po + Pr = 500 + 70 kW = 570 kW thus; 500 570 = e, = 0.8772 oF 87.72 % en =Iv-38 Chapter 04 - Diesel Power Plant x Tyas __eveseeeeernereseneesteteteeeesssetee$tttttiteTCTITI TEC ee 21.Supplementary Problem Gas is expanded in an engine cylinder following the law PV" = C where value of n is 1.3. The intel pressure is 2,550 kPa and the final pressure © 210 kPa, If the volume at the end of expansion is 0.75 m?, calculate the volume at the beginning of expansion... A. 0.1099 m? C. 0.9019 m? B. 0.099 m® D. 0.9910 m? Shorter PV" = P2V," (2550)V," = 210(0.75)'3 thus; * Vi = 0.1099 m3