Health and Environment Standard One

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Health and
Environment
Standard One
Pupil’s Book
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Tanzania Institute of Education
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 1 23/07/2021 17:50

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© Tanzania Institute of Education, 2019
Published 2019
Reprinted 2021
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ISBN 978 - 9987 - 09 - 006 - 8
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P.O. Box 35094
Dar es Salaam - Tanzania
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Mobile numbers: +255 735 041 170 /+255 735 041 168
E-mail: director.general@tie.go.tz
Website: www.tie.go.tz
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All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, stored

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in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
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otherwise without prior written permission of the Tanzania

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Institute of Education.
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Table of contents
Acknowledgements...................................................... iv
Introduction.................................................................... v
Chapter One
The human body...............................................................1
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Chapter Two
Body cleanliness..............................................................10
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Chapter Three
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A balanced diet...............................................................30
Chapter Four
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Water and our health......................................................39
Chapter Five
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HIV and AIDS..................................................................44
Chapter Six
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First aid...........................................................................47
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Chapter Seven
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Our environment.............................................................56
Chapter Eight
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Living things in our environment.....................................68

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Acknowledgements
The Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) would like to
acknowledge the contributions of all the individuals and
organisations who participated in the design and development
of this book.
Writers:
Ms Mwanahamisi Jokolo, Ms Kibuna
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Mpapalika, Mr Tumaini Luvinga,
Ms Irasaeny Murro and Mr Elias Magutta
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Editors: D
r Albert Tarmo and Dr John A. Mahugija
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Designer: Mr Katalambula F. Hussein
Illustrators:
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Mr Fikiri Msimbe in cooperation with
Alama Art and Media Production Co. Ltd.
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Coordinator: Ms Irasaeny Murro
TIE also extends its sincere gratitudes to the teachers and
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pupils in the primary schools that participated in the trial of

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the manuscript.
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Finally, the Institute would like to thank the Ministry of

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Education, Science and Technology for facilitating the process

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of writing this book.

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Dr Aneth A. Komba
Director General
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Introduction
This is the first book in a series of two books on Health and

Environment for primary schools. The book has been prepared
in line with the 2016 Standard One syllabus. It comprises eight
chapters which will help the pupil to develop basic competencies
in health and the environment. Also, it will help the pupil to
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build their reading, writing and arithmetic skills. The pupil is
advised to read this textbook carefully in order to understand
and develop the intended competencies. The pupil may also
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seek assistance from friends, parents and teachers in case of
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any difficulty.
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Chapter One
The human body
In this chapter, you will learn about the following.
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1. Parts of the human body
2. Functions of the parts of the human body
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The human body consists of many parts.

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Parts of the human body
The human body consists of many parts. Each part has a
name and a function.
Song
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My body has a head, eyes, a
nose, ears, a mouth, a chin,
a neck, shoulders x 2 SE
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These are parts of my body
x2
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The chest, the arms,

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abdomen, the waist, the

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thighs, the knees, the legs

and the fingers x 2
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These are also parts of my

body x 2
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Study the following picture.
Name the parts of the body shown by the letters a to s.
s
r a
q
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n b
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e
m
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SE Nipple f
g
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Navel
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i Ankle
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Heel
The human body has many parts.
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Example: One nose

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Two arms
Five fingers

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Name Picture Number
Legs Two
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Ears Two
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Nose SE One
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Eyes Two
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Fingers Five
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Exercise 1
Answer the following questions.
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1. Mention seven parts of the human body.

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2. How many arms do you have?

3. How many toes do you have?

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4. Draw three parts of the human body.
5. Fill in the gaps
(a) N _ _ k
(b) St_m_ch
(c) T_ig_
(d) Ch_n
6. Write the following words correctly.
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(a) eey
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(b) thoum
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(c) are
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(d) ngifers
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Functions of the parts of the human body
Part of the human body Function
1 1
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3 3
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4 4
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5 5
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part
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6 6
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Exercise 2
1. Match each part of the human body with its
function.
Part of the human body Function
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1 1
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and
Healthonment
2 SE Envir
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5 5

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2. Fill in the gaps with the words provided.
(a) You eat with your _________________.
nose mouth
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(b) You hear with your _________________.
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ear eye SE
(c) You smell with your _________________.
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nose mouth
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(d) You write with your _________________.

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hands legs
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Chapter Two
Body cleanliness
This chapter is concerned with how to take care of
the body parts mentioned below.
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1. The mouth
2. Eyes, nose and face
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3. Ears
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4. Hair
5. Hands and fingernails
6. Legs and toenails SE
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We clean our bodies to remove dirt. A clean body is

smart and healthy.
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Washing the mouth
Things used to wash the mouth.
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Toothbrush
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Toothpaste
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Steps in washing the mouth
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Put some toothpaste on the toothbrush.

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2
a b
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c d
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Brush the teeth.
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3 4
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Brush your tongue. Rinse your mouth with
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clean and safe water.
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Spit the water from your mouth in a sink.

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Activity 1
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Practise each of the above-mentioned steps properly.

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Good manners
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1. Always wash your mouth in the morning.

2. Always wash your mouth after eating.
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Exercise 1
1. What will happen if we do not wash our mouths?
2. Match each of the following pictures with its name.
Picture Name
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(a) Toothpaste
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(b) Clean water

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(c) Toothbrush
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Washing eyes, the nose and the face
Things for washing the eyes, nose and face.
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Towel Handkerchief
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Tin Soap
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Basin of water
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Tissue paper
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Study the action in each picture. Then, answer the questions.
1 2
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What is he doing? What is he doing?
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3 4
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What is he doing?
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What is he doing?
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Activity 2
Practise the above-mentioned steps.
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Good manners
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1. Wash your nose using a handkerchief or tissue paper.

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2. W
hen sneezing, cover your mouth and nose. Turn away
and apologise.
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Exercise 2
1. Why do we clean our eyes?
2. Why do we clean our noses?
3. Why do we wash our faces?
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Cleaning ears
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Things used to clean ears.
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Basin with water Piece of soft cloth Soap
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Steps in cleaning ears

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1. Dip a clean piece of soft cloth into clean water.

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2. Apply soap to the wet cloth.

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3. Clean the front folds of the ear with the wet cloth.
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4. Clean the back folds of the ear with the wet cloth.
5. Dry the ear with a dry soft piece of cloth or a clean
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towel.
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6. Use a piece of soft cloth to check whether the ears

are clean.
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Activity 3
Practise the steps mentioned above.
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Good manners
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1. Do not put any object inside the ear.

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2. When we feel pain inside the ear, we should

consult a doctor.
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Exercise 3
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1. N ame the things used to clean ears.
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2. Mention the parts of the ear which need cleaning.

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3. Mention the steps in cleaning ears.
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Washing hair
Things used for washing hair.
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Soap
Comb Tin
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Towel
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Mirror Oil
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Teasing comb Handkerchief Water

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Steps in washing hair
Study the action in each picture. Then, answer the question.
1 2
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3 SE 4
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Exercise 4
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Answer the following question.

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Name the actions shown in the above pictures.

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Good manners
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1. Comb your hair every morning and after bathing.

2. When combing your hair, keep away from food.
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Washing hands and fingernails
Things used for washing hands and fingernails.
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Brush Soap
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Towel Clean water

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Pair of scissors Razor blade Nail cutter
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Cutting nails using different tools.
Fingers with long nails Cutting nails using
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a razor blade
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Cutting nails using Cutting nails using
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a pair of scissors a nail cutter
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Cleaning nails using Nails cut properly

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a brush, clean water and cleaned with

and soap clean water
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Good manners
Cut your nails frequently and dispose them of.
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Steps in washing hands
Washing hands
1 2
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3 4
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Activity 4
Practise each of the steps mentioned above properly.
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Good manners
Wash your hands with clean and safe water.
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Exercise 5
1. Mention the steps in washing hands.
2. Match each picture with its name.
Picture Name
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(a) Brush
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(b) Towel
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(c) Soap
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(d) Nail cutter

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(e) Pair of scissors

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(f) Razor blade

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Washing legs and toenails
Things used for washing legs and toenails.
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Brush Scrubbing stone Soap
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Nail cutter
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Clean water
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Towel
Razor blade
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Cutting toenails
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Toes with long nails Cutting toenails using a

razor blade
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Cutting toenails using a Cutting toenails using a
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nail cutter pair of scissors
Cleaning legs SE
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Scrubbing feet Scrubbing nails Drying feet

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Exercise 6
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Mention the steps in washing legs and nails.
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Bathing
Things needed for bathing
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Sponge
Soap
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Piece of cloth
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Towel
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Tin
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Basin with clean water A pair of slippers
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Steps in bathing
1 2
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Take off your clothes. SE Pour water on your
body.
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3 4
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Apply soap to your Scrub your body

body. with a sponge.
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5 6
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Rinse your body with clean Dry the water on
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water. your body with a
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towel
Good manners
Have a bath every day.
SE
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Exercise 7
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Mention the steps in bathing.

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Chapter Three
A balanced diet
A balanced diet is good for our health. Food must be clean
and well prepared.
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1. T ypes of food eaten in the morning, afternoon and
evening
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2. Principles of eating food
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3. Washing fruits
4. Disadvantages of eating fruits without washing them
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Types of food eaten in the morning, afternoon
and evening
Song
1. Let us eat proper food.
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Eat in the morning, afternoon and evening x 2
In the morning, have some milk and potatoes,
tea and cassava.
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2. In the afternoon eat ugali or rice,
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Fish or meat together with fruits x 2
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In the evening eat bananas and meat, ugali or
rice and sleep.
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3. Let us eat all these foods for the good of our
health.
When we are healthy, we can count well x 2
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We can also read well.

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We can play with joy x 2

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Food eaten in the morning (breakfast)

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Porridge Bread Tea Buns Milk

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Cassava Potatoes Drinking water Bananas

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Food eaten in the afternoon (lunch)
Examples of food eaten in the afternoon
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Bananas Pineapple
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Drinking water Beans

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Mangoes
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Ugali Fish/meat
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Oranges Pawpaws
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Vegetables SE
Food eaten in the evening (dinner)
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Examples of food eaten in the evening
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N
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Pineapple
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Mangoes
Bananas
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Milk
Drinking water
Pawpaws
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Rice
SE
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Vegetables
Beans
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Meat
Sardines
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Exercise 1
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1. What food do you eat in the morning?

2. What food do you eat in the afternoon?
3. What food do you eat in the evening?
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Principles of eating food
1 2
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Wash your hands with Sit properly, facing the
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clean water before eating. food when eating.
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SE
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Wash your hands with Wash your mouth after

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clean water after eating. eating.

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Good manners
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1. Keep silent when eating.

2. Chew while your mouth is closed.
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Washing fruits
Steps in washing fruits
1 2
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Pick the fruit. Prepare clean
utensils and some
water for washing
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Wash the fruit. The fruit is ready

for eating.
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Question
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Why do we wash fruits before eating them?
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Disadvantages of eating fruits without washing them
1 2
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SE
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3 4
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Song
1. Do not eat fruits without washing them.
You will get stomach pain x 2
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You will vomit x 2
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You will get diarrhoea x 2
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Exercise 2
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1. Fruits are washed using __________.
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2. Mention three disadvantages of eating fruits without

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washing them.
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3. Draw three fruits which you like best.

4. Provide the missing letters
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(a) M _ ng _es
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(b) B_na_as
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(c) Or_n_es
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(d) P_n_appl_
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Chapter Four
Water and our health
1. Clean and safe water
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2. Advantages of drinking safe and clean water
3. Disadvantages of drinking unsafe water
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4. Uses of clean and safe water
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Water is important in our life.
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Clean and safe water
Water can be clean but not safe. We must boil water to
make it clean and safe.
Steps in making water clean and safe
After fetching some water from a source, do the following.
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1 2
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Boil the water. SE
Cool the water.
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3
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4
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Keep the water in

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a safe container.
Filter the water.
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Disadvantages of drinking unsafe water
Song
1. Do not drink unsafe water;
you will get stomach pain x 2.
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you will vomit x 2.
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you will get diarrhoea x 2.
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Drinking unsafe water
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N
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N
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Exercise 1
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1. Mention three sources of water.

2. Drinking unsafe water can cause
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(a) __________ (b) __________ and (c) __________.

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3. The advantages of drinking clean and safe water are

(a) __________ and (b) __________.
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Uses of clean and safe water
The following pictures show uses of water.
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Exercise 2
N

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1. Mention four uses of clean and safe water.

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(a) __________ (b) __________

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(c) __________ (d) __________
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Chapter Five
HIV and AIDS
1. HIV and AIDS
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2. Things that contribute to the transmission of HIV.
3. Actions that do not contribute to the transmission of
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HIV
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Meaning of HIV and AIDS
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HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) is a virus that
weakens body immunity. It causes AIDS.
AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
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Objects through which HIV can be transmitted
The objects through which HIV can be transmitted include
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the following.
N
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N
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Song
HIV causes AIDS
Oh! What is AIDS?
AIDS is the deficiency
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of body immunity x 2
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Do not share a razor blade,
a syringe or a toothbrush x 2
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Do not share a comb, a teasing
SE
comb or a pin x 2
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If we share these,
we can get HIV x 2
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N
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Actions that do not contribute to the transmission

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of HIV
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HIV is not spread by the following.

1. Eating together
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2. Playing together
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3. Shaking hands
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Study the following pictures and then answer the questions
that follow.
Toothbrush
Pencil
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N
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Teasing comb Comb Exercise book
SE
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Crayons
Eraser
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N
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Razor blade Injection syringe

N
O
Exercise 1
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1. What things can contribute to the transmission of HIV.

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2. Draw four objects which can transmit HIV from one

person to another.
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Chapter Six
First aid
1. The meaning of first aid
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2. The first aid kit
3. Accidents that occur in our environment
4. Reporting an accident
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The meaning of first aid
First aid is the help given to a patient or victim. It is given
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before a patient or victim is taken to hospital.
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Song
First aid x 2
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Is the help.
N
First aid x 2
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Is the help.
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Which is given x 2
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Is the help.
To a patient or victim x 2
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Is the help.
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Before he or she is taken to hospital x 2

Is the help.
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The first aid kit
It is a box with a red cross on it. The box contains different
kinds of tools. The tools are used to give first aid to patients
or victims.
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N
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SE
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Tools found in the first aid kit
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Pins
N
Thermometer
Hand gloves
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Syringe needle
Pair of
N
scissors Cotton wool

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Pain killers
R
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Bandage
Spirit
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Tools found in the first aid kit
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N
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SE
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N
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Exercise 1

1. Which symbol is found on the first aid kit?
2. Mention the tools found in the first aid kit.
3. Match the following tools with their names.
Tool Name
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Cotton wool
N
Pair of scissors
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SE Bandage
Thermometer
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Hand gloves
E
N
Syringe needle
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N
Pins
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Pain killers
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Spirit
FO
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Accidents which may occur in our environment
Examples of the situations and events in which first aid is
required.
1 2
LY
N
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SE
Falling from a tree Car accident
U
3 4
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N
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N
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Snake bite Motorcycle accident
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Reporting accidents
Report all the accidents that occur at school or home.
Look at the following pictures. Then, answer the questions
that follow.
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
2
N
LI
N
O
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FO
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3
LY
N
O
4
SE
U
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LI
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Questions
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1. What will you do when an accident occurs?

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2. What did the teacher do to help the injured pupil?

3. What caused the accident?
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4. How can you avoid accidents like the one shown in

the second picture?
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Look at the following pictures and then answer the
questions that follow.
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N
O
SE
U
2
E
N
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N
O
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3
LY
N
4
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SE
U
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Exercise 2
N

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1. What caused the accident shown in the first picture?

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2. Why is the boy shown in the second picture running?

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3. What is the teacher shown in the third picture doing?

4. In the final picture, what is the teacher doing?
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5. Mention two accidents which can occur at home.

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6. If you get an accident at school, to whom will you

report it?
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Chapter Seven
Our environment
1. Meaning of the word environment
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2. Clean and dirty environments
3. Tools for cleaning home and school environments
4. Cleaning home and school environments
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5. Dangerous environments
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6. Risky behaviours
7. Harmful objects
Meaning of the environment
SE
The environment is made up of living things and non-living
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things.
Song
E
What is environment?
N
Environment is all things around us x 2

LI
Let us take care of our school environment.

N
By planting trees and flowers.

Let us clean the classrooms and the surrounding areas.
O
Let us love, take care of and maintain our environment.

R
Let us take care of the home environment.

FO
Clean the areas around our house.

Let us love, take care of and maintain our environment x 2
56

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Clean and dirty environments
1 Clean environment Dirty environment
LY
N
O
Clean house Dirty house
SE
2
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Clean toilet Dirty toilet
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3
LY
N
O
Clean bedroom Dirty bedroom
SE
4
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Clean classroom Dirty classroom
58

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Tools for cleaning school and home environments
LY
Brush
N
Cobweb
O
Hoe Slasher remover
SE
U
E
Broom
N
Mopper
LI
Rake
N
O
R
FO
Piece of cloth Detergent

Dust pan
59

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Exercise 1
1. Match the following tools with their uses.
Tool Use
LY
(a) (i) Sweeping
N
(b) (ii) Keeping rubbish
O
SE
U
(c) (iii) Wiping
E
N
(d) (iv) Mopping

LI
N
(e) (v) Cutting long grass

O
R
2. Provide the missing letters.

FO
(a) br _ _ m (b) dust p_n

(c) h _ e (d) r _ k _
60

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Cleaning the home environment
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
61

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Cleaning the school environment
LY
N
O
SE
U
2
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
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3
LY
N
O
4
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
Exercise 2
O

R
1. Mention the tools used to clean the home environment

FO
and the school environment.

2. What are the pupils doing in Pictures 1–4?
63

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Dangerous environments
1 2
LY
N
O
SE
U
3 4
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
64

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Exercise 3
Mention three dangerous environments.
Dangerous things
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
Song
N
LI
Children, let us not play with dangerous objects x 2

N
Things like a razor blade, a syringe, a knife and a

broken bottle x 2
O
Children, let’s not play with fire, pieces of metal

and tins.
R
Children, let’s not play with them.

FO
65

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Exercise 4
Mention four dangerous objects.
Risky behaviours
The pictures below show examples of risky behaviours.
LY
1 2
N
O
SE
U
E
N
3 4
LI
N
O
R
FO
66

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Song
These are risky behaviours x 2
Carrying heavy loads x 2
Chorus: These are risky behaviours x 2
LY
Smoking cigarettes x 2
Chorus: These are risky behaviours.
N
Smoking marijuana x 2
O
Cheating x 2 SE
U
Playing on the road x 2
E
They endanger our lives x 3

N
LI
N
Exercise 5
O

1. Mention the risky behaviours found in your environment.
R
2. How could you avoid risky behaviours?

FO
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Chapter Eight
Living things in our environment
1. Living things
LY
2. Different types of animals
3. Benefits of domestic animals
N
4. Different types of plants
O
5. Benefits of plants
Living things SE
Living things are organisms that grow and die. They take in
air and food. They increase in number. Also, they increase
U
in size and finally die. Living things include animals and
plants.
Look at the following pictures of living things
E
N
LI
N
Dog
Goat
O
Cow
R
FO
Pawpaw plant Maize plant Cock

68

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Types of animals
that follow.
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
Exercise 1
R
1. Provide the names of the animals shown above.

FO
2. Mention the animals kept at home.
69

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Domestic animals found in our environment
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
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Benefits of domestic animals
that follow.
Type of animal Benefit
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
71

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Type of animal Benefit
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
Exercise 2
O

1. Mention the animal that gives us milk.
R
2. Draw the picture of any animal found in your

FO
environment.
3. Mention three benefits of the domestic animals.
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Plants
There are different types of plants.
Look at the following pictures and then answer questions
that follow.
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
Exercise 3
R
1. Name four plants that you know.

FO
2. Draw pictures of four plants found at your school

and your home.
73

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Benefits of plants
Look at the following pictures and then answer the questions
that follow.
Type of plant Benefit
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
Exercise 4
R
1. Name two plants found at home.

FO
2. Mention the benefits of the two plants.

3. Draw the picture of a plant that you know.
74

Health and Environment Standard One

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Tanzania Institute of Education

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 1 23/07/2021 17:50

All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, stored

in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any

otherwise without prior written permission of the Tanzania

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 2 23/07/2021 17:50

Living things in our environment.....................................68

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 3 23/07/2021 17:50

pupils in the primary schools that participated in the trial of

Finally, the Institute would like to thank the Ministry of

Education, Science and Technology for facilitating the process

of writing this book.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 4 23/07/2021 17:50

This is the first book in a series of two books on Health and

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 5 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 6 23/07/2021 17:50

The human body consists of many parts.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 1 23/07/2021 17:50

The chest, the arms,

abdomen, the waist, the

thighs, the knees, the legs

These are also parts of my

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 2 23/07/2021 17:50

Example: One nose

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 3 23/07/2021 17:50

1. Mention seven parts of the human body.

2. How many arms do you have?

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 4 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 5 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 6 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 7 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 8 23/07/2021 17:50

(d) You write with your _________________.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 9 23/07/2021 17:50

We clean our bodies to remove dirt. A clean body is

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 10 23/07/2021 17:50

Put some toothpaste on the toothbrush.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 11 23/07/2021 17:50

Brush the teeth.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 12 23/07/2021 17:50

Spit the water from your mouth in a sink.

Practise each of the above-mentioned steps properly.

1. Always wash your mouth in the morning.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 13 23/07/2021 17:50

(b) Clean water

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 14 23/07/2021 17:50

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 15 23/07/2021 17:50

1. Wash your nose using a handkerchief or tissue paper.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 16 23/07/2021 17:50

Steps in cleaning ears

1. Dip a clean piece of soft cloth into clean water.

2. Apply soap to the wet cloth.

6. Use a piece of soft cloth to check whether the ears

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 17 23/07/2021 17:50

1. Do not put any object inside the ear.

2. When we feel pain inside the ear, we should

Answer the following questions.

2. Mention the parts of the ear which need cleaning.

3. Mention the steps in cleaning ears.

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT STD I.indd 18 23/07/2021 17:50

Teasing comb Handkerchief Water

1. Wash your nose using a handkerchief or tissue paper.

6. Use a piece of soft cloth to check whether the ears

2. When we feel pain inside the ear, we should

2. Mention the parts of the ear which need cleaning.

3. Mention the steps in cleaning ears.

2. Mention three disadvantages of eating fruits without

(a) (b) and (c) __.

3. The advantages of drinking clean and safe water are

(a) (b)

(c) (d)