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The porous or rough coatings 19 allow more liquid accumulation on the surface of the heating
section 3 in comparison with adjacent smooth parts. Yet it also contains many outstanding features
like long distance transportation capability, a large heat dissipation surface area, flexibility in tubing
design, highly effective thermal conductivity, and is applicable in high-flux applications. The DC
power supply is used to regulate the heating power into the heating block ranging from 200 W to
800 W. However, water is still superior to other working fluids at a higher supplied power due to its
much higher latent heat and specific heat. However, this finding is not applicable to the heat pipes
charged with HFE-7000, because the solubility of air in HFE-7000 becomes higher as the
temperature is increased. Download Free PDF View PDF Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Rasel A
Sultan Pulsating heat pipes (PHP) have created a newer arena and promising possibilities as passive
devices for heat transfer applications, especially suited for thermal management of electronics.
Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date
listed.). They are attractive heat transfer elements, which due to their simple design, cost
effectiveness, and excellent thermal performance may find wide applications. The received heat from
the evaporator then creates bubbles and increases vapor pressure that forces the fluid toward the
condenser. However, the comparison of the effectiveness of the heat exchanger charged with
different amount of HFE-7000 with identical airflow velocity and evaporator temperature in both
Figure 8 a and Figure 10 b shows that higher filling ratio of HFE-7000 in the present heat exchanger
resulted in lower effectiveness. This makes it all the more difficult to undertake mathematical
modeling using conventional techniques. Basic structure of typical pulsating heat pipe (PHP). The
parabolic flight campaign takes place on the Airbus A310 Zero-G, which is operated by Novespace
from Bordeaux, France. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI). Future materials
and compounds will by extension address the same mechanism and methods to accomplish these
ends. By imposing supplied heat onto the PHP, the liquid evaporates and expands accordingly to
move the liquid slug to and fro, thereby effectively absorbing heat from evaporator and then giving
up heat at the condenser. Download Free PDF View PDF Comparison of Heat Transfer rate of
closed loop micro pulsating heat pipes having different number of turns Sandeep Mopare In the
present study the heat transfer capacity of the micro pulsating heat pipes. Thermal resistance
distribution (%) for traditional PHP thermal module. Schematic of the locations of the thermocouples
(unit: mm). A closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) made of copper with 2.5 mm ID and 3 mm
OD with fin in the condenser section is used in the present work to evaluate the heat transfer
performances where the evaporation section is 50 mm, adiabatic section is 120 mm and condensation
section is 80 mm. This PHP accumulates the mechanical energy by internal pressure fluctuations
expanding the elastic material 7. This is not just a designer’s conference; APEC has something of
interest for anyone involved in power electronics. It is clearly seen that there is barely any difference
between the mean temperature at the entrance and exit of the condenser ( T CR and T CL ),
implicating that slug flow oscillation between the condenser and evaporator plays the essential role of
heat transport. The experimental results determined that there are limitations for the internal
diameters of the d tubes and limitations for lengths of the slugs, which are connected with filling of
the heat carrier fluid into the PHP. These studies indicate the following main variables affecting PHP
performance. An significant consideration for the results of PHPs is the research on PHP stated
operating fluid. The proposed PHP module consists of three parts, namely the (a) fin-and-tube heat
exchangers; (b) evaporator bock for absorbing heat from the heat source; and (c) the pulsating heat
pipe circuitry as shown in Figure 6 b. Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that
interests you. The total length of the closed loop pulsating heat pipe is 1080 mm. In this paper, an
experimental study on a closed loop PHP with a single turn has been conducted there by providing
vital information regarding parameter dependence on its performance.
Download Free PDF View PDF THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT
PIPE TJPRC Publication Recent advances in electronics design and manufacturing have resulted in
significant increases in heat flux density through a miniaturization of components and a
simultaneous increase in power requirements associated with improved product functionality. Even
though it includes fundamental options that come with a PHP, additionally, it makes some
assumptions to help keep the model tractable. The schematic of the PHP circuitry in terms of tube
numbering is depicted in Figure 7 a. Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the
scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. A data acquisition system is also enclosed
for analyzing the performance. Since their invention in the early nineties, they have so far found
market niches in electronics equipment cooling. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
(JMMP). Alternately, with additions of elements, which can accumulate mechanical energy of the
pressure pulsation in the PHP and return it to two-phase flow, the flow can be stabilized. In addition,
the operating orientation and the total number of meandering turns of the PHPs also play a
significant role on the startup of the pulsating movement of the working fluid in the PHPs. The
temperature variation of the adiabatic section vs. Acknowledgments The authors are also indebted to
the financial support from the (Department of Industrial Technology) Ministry of Economics Affairs,
Taiwan and grants from Ministry of science and technology, Taiwan. Journal of Experimental and
Theoretical Analyses (JETA). When the evaporating section receives heat to heat up the working
fluid and the condensing section dissipations heat to cool down the working fluid, the net pressure
difference between the evaporating section and condensing section pushes the liquid slugs and
vapor bubbles toward the other section and results in circulation. The fin-and-tube having a plain fin
(aluminum alloy) configuration contains the following dimensions: Face area: 355 (W) ? 125 (H) mm
2. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM). A novel thermal
module featuring a 3-D configuration pulsating heat pipe, an evaporator, and a fin-and-tube
condenser is proposed to tackle the high-flux application. The pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger in
this study. ( a ) The schematic diagram, and ( b ) the actual one. Visit our dedicated information
section to learn more about MDPI. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). This
article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). The sampling rate of the temperature signal recorder was set to 1.0
s. The thermal resistance R of the present PHP was defined as temperature difference between the
evaporating section and the condensing section divided by the input power, i.e. This process can
accommodate pressure growth in the heating section 3 that is not compensated by the pressure
decreasing in the cooling section 1 due to condensation. The advantages of such systems can be
summarized as follows. Further, inherent perturbations are always present in real systems as a result
of. This gives rise to a temperature difference which enables the heat rejection required for the
condensation. The results demonstrate the effect of fin and fin-insert used in condenser section, the
input heat flux, inclination angle orientation and physiochemical properties of the working fluid on
the thermal performance of the device. It can be found in Figure 4 a that the heat transfer rate
linearly increased as the evaporator temperature was increased. They are most effective and are able
to carry maximum heat from the source. A Novel Thermal Module with 3-D Configuration Pulsating
Heat Pipe for High-Flux Applications. Energies. 2018; 11(12):3425. Paper should be a substantial
original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for.
This study uses a compact arrangement design, meaning that at the same heat transfer distance more
working fluid can be filled, so it contains a higher heat transfer than conventional design. Gout,
Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD). This range of devices is projected to meet all
present and possibly future specific requirements of the electronics cooling industry, owing to
favorable operational characteristics coupled with relatively cheaper costs. Both the heat flux and
thermal resistance ratio for the proposed design are far better than the existing literature. However,
there is a detectable temperature difference at the entrance and exit of the condenser when the
supplied power reaches 1 kW. The working fluid is methanol with an average filling ratio of 60%
while the heating surface area is 60 ? 54 mm 2 and is made of copper with backlite insulating around
the heating element. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,041 Akachi H. wrote: “... heat pipe is
disclosed in which a heat pipe carrying fluid, preferably a bi-phase noncondensative fluid, circulates
in a loop form in itself under its own vapor pressure at a high speed within a pipe so as to repeat
vaporization and condensation, thus carrying out a heat transfer.” Hereinafter in variants of design of
the pulsating heat pipes, Akachi H. For ammonia and refrigerants, plastic, aluminum and stainless
steel are suitable for non-corrosion, but not copper. A Novel Thermal Module with 3-D
Configuration Pulsating Heat Pipe for High-Flux Applications. The detection of more irregular
temperature oscillations in the evaporating section than those in the condensing section of the water-
charged PHP at low evaporator temperature in Figure 6 b, marked as LET, reflects the fact that
pulsating movement of the vapor and liquid slugs of the water in the evaporating section of the PHP
might not always reach the condensing section of the PHP. It is natural to consider that if the scale of
the differences is not considerable then as a result the driving forces are low as well, and thus, it
may be may be difficult to ensure the intensive and stable periodical two-phase flow movement of
the heat carrier from the heating to cooling zones and back. In accordance with the claims of the
invention, this object is achieved by providing in the PHP special and selected irregularity (non-
uniformities) of the geometric and physical nature. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and
Balance Medicine (JOHBM). As soon as local pressure begins to fall, the accumulated mechanical
energy returns to phase flow. Nominal outer tube diameter and inner diameter: 7.94 mm and 7.5 mm,
respectively. The outer diameter of the PHP circuitry is 4 mm with wall thickness being 0.3 mm.
Notice that the condenser portion of the PHP circuitry makes use the existing fin-and-tube heat
exchanger, thereby having an inner diameter of 7.5 mm in the condenser part. It is observed in Figure
9 a that, at low evaporator temperature, indicated as LET, the temperature difference between the
evaporating section and the condensing section became great once the surface temperature oscillation
in the evaporating section or condensing section was detected. Journal of Cardiovascular
Development and Disease (JCDD). Hence, the thermal resistance for an air-cooled design should
easily surpass 31.58% for an air-cooled design. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease
(GUCDD). The equal lengths of evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections were 50 mm each. In
vertical orientation, slug flow is known to exist even at bigger diameters in devices such as a
standard bubble pump, depending on the heat flux. The thesis of Leningrad Institute of Refrigeration
and Food Technologies.). All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide
under an open access license. No special. Detailed dimension of the ( a ) heat exchanger ( b ) cold
plate (unit: mm). A Novel Thermal Module with 3-D Configuration Pulsating Heat Pipe for High-
Flux Applications. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. However, water is still
superior to other working fluids at a higher supplied power due to its much higher latent heat and
specific heat. The temperatures continue to rise with similar fluctuations when the supplied power is
increased further. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK). The proposed thermal
module can handle a supplied power up to 1 kW and the corresponding power or heat flux is much
higher than any existing literatures.
International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). You can view and download the presentation
file below. Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be. The performance success of
the device primarily depends on the continuous maintenance or sustenance of these non-equilibrium
conditions within the system. The maximum heat transfer of the pulsating heat pipe is related to the
total filling of the working fluid. This range of devices is projected to meet all present and possibly
future specific requirements of the electronics cooling industry, owing to favorable operational
characteristics coupled with relatively cheaper costs. These pressure oscillations are related to the
“individual” mechanism of the PHP action in a localized portion. When, for example, heater 31 is on
inside the tube is a growing vapor slug 5, which is pushing in both sides of two-phase flow. Journal
of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). These measured temperature signals were
individually recorded for further processing. This apparently limits the applicability of PHP in facing
real world applications (for instance, some lighting products, e.g. projectors or LED lighting may
have the heat sources on top). This result improves periodical two-phase flow circulation of the heat
carrier and increases total efficiency of the PHP. All articles published by MDPI are made
immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special. Please note that many of
the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. This includes the internal
tube diameter, the applied h. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our
website. When the input power is less than 400 W, the resultant force of the working fluid is
insufficient to drive the working fluid stably, thereby yielding unstable oscillation. Journal of
Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI). This paper attempts to describe the effect of working
fluid, heat input, orientation and fill ratio as primary design parameters on the performance of PHP.
Even though it includes fundamental options that come with a PHP, additionally, it makes some
assumptions to help keep the model tractable. The schematic of the PHP circuitry in terms of tube
numbering is depicted in Figure 7 a. Relative heat spreading resistance percent for relative width
ratio. Acknowledgments The authors are also indebted to the financial support from the (Department
of Industrial Technology) Ministry of Economics Affairs, Taiwan and grants from Ministry of
science and technology, Taiwan. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial
support from the Bureau of Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and Ministry of Science
and Technology of Taiwan under the contracts of MOST 107-2221-E-992-077-MY2 and MOST
108-2628-E-992-001-MY3. The fin-and-tube having a plain fin (aluminum alloy) configuration
contains the following dimensions: Face area: 355 (W) ? 125 (H) mm 2. Two-phase passive devices
are proven present day solutions. There is a very small temperature variation between the inlet and
exit of the condenser when the slug flow oscillation prevails. By manipulating the uneven inner
diameters of the adiabatic sections, the vapor tends to move to the lower frictional pressure drop side
and the liquid tends to move to higher capillary force side, eventually forming a unitary flow that is
able to withstand a much higher input power. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease
(GUCDD). In some applications the vapor pressures, combined with the operating temperatures, will
prohibit certain materials.
However, very rare studies had incorporated the PHPs into thermal modules to tailor the high-flux
applications. Thus, a self-sustained thermally driven oscillating flow is obtained in a PHP. The
experiments are conducted on vertical orientations for different heat loads varying from 10 W to 100
W in steps of 10 W. Schematic of a conventional heat pipe showing the principle of operation and
circulation of the working fluid. Note that the tube part of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger acts as
the condenser of the PHP. However, water is still superior to other working fluids at a higher
supplied power due to its much higher latent heat and specific heat. T ae,2 and T ac,2 were attached
on the same tube of the oval side. The results show acceptable qualitative and quantitative
coincidence between the calculations and the experimental data. The auxiliary heater location, which
acts periodically, guarantees the liquid presence in the location of the auxiliary heater. The heating
section is used to create, within the heat pipe, build up of vapor pressure which causes the heat
carrying fluid to move which then allows for dissipations of the heat into the cooling section.
Detailed dimension of the ( a ) heat exchanger ( b ) cold plate (unit: mm). A further rise of input
power to 800 W result in an even pronounced oscillation frequency of the working fluid. The
experiments were performed with gravity-assisted (bottom heating mode) and anti-gravity (top
heating mode) conditions. The startup characteristics are actually strongly related to the supplied
power. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe
will be particularly. The corresponding part of one branch is inside the corresponding part of another
branch (see FIG. 10 f ). In the last cases, when the corresponding part of one (main) branch becomes
superheated (as the result of disappearance of liquid microfilm of the heat carrier), then this part,
which has the reliable thermal contact with any part of another branch, begins to play a role of the
additional source of heat for this branch (auxiliary). The present novel thermal module design
features are: (a) a 3-D configuration PHP circuitry; (b) an evaporator; and (c) a fin-and-tube
condenser. Schematic of a conventional heat pipe showing the principle of operation and circulation
of the working fluid. References for comparison with this study and the corresponding major
parameters. Funding This research was funded by (Department of Industrial Technology) Ministry of
Economic Affairs, Taiwan, grant number H301AR6100. They are attractive heat transfer elements,
which due to their simple design, cost effectiveness, and excellent thermal performance may find
wide applications. The bottleneck of heat dissipation is the performance of condenser in high heating
load applications. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the
scientific editors and must receive. When the power is even higher, the net force easily surpasses the
flow resistance, thereby generating a comparatively large flow inertia to complete flow cycles in a
unitary direction. Better heat transfer performance is obtained from finned pulsating heat pipe with
Methanol at 45. In some applications the vapor pressures, combined with the operating temperatures,
will prohibit certain materials. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI). There are two
ways to arrange the tube: open loop and closed loop. The first is associated with the high thermal
resistance between evaporator and PHP ( R evap-BE ), and the other is the loss of effective surface
area due to the serpentine configuration. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
The temperatures continue to rise with similar fluctuations when the supplied power is increased
further. The fin-and-tube having a plain fin (aluminum alloy) configuration contains the following
dimensions: Face area: 355 (W) ? 125 (H) mm 2. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
(JMMP). This includes the internal tube diameter, the applied heat flux and amount of the working
fluid in the system. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). In
horizontal flow, there exists a greater possibility of flow stratification as the diameter of the tube
increases. In accordance with the claims of the invention, this object is achieved by providing in the
PHP special and selected irregularity (non-uniformities) of the geometric and physical nature. This
biannual virtual event offers a comprehensive exploration of the latest breakthroughs in temperature
regulation technology. Immerse. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Table 2
shows that some characteristics of HFE-7000, such as the low latent heat of vaporization, low
viscosity, and low surface tension, as well as the high rate of change in pressure with respect to
temperature at saturated conditions (. The influence characterization has been made for variation of
working fluid with filling ratios, the orientation. Since the dissipation of waste heat causes both
energy loss and thermal pollution, the recovery of waste heat is necessary to improve energy
efficiency and reduce the thermal pollution. These additional pieces of the elastic material 7 can be
installed in any place. The assembly of the bare tubes and a total of 124 pieces of 0.1 mm thick
aluminum alloy plate fin using solder accomplishes a PHP heat exchanger of 132 ? 44 ? 200 mm in
external dimensions. It is observed in Figure 9 a that, at low evaporator temperature, indicated as
LET, the temperature difference between the evaporating section and the condensing section became
great once the surface temperature oscillation in the evaporating section or condensing section was
detected. The first is associated with the high thermal resistance between evaporator and PHP ( R
evap-BE ), and the other is the loss of effective surface area due to the serpentine configuration. The
experiments were performed with gravity-assisted (bottom heating mode) and anti-gravity (top
heating mode) conditions. We are building a test rig with full optical access in order to generate a
rich data set on bubble movement and size. At present in India there is shortage of electrical power
and there is large number of efforts are carried out to reduce power consumption. A Novel Thermal
Module with 3-D Configuration Pulsating Heat Pipe for High-Flux Applications. In the present
work the basic numerical model by has been updated with the latest fluid properties database and
with the latest nondimensional heat transfer correlations in order to make it suitable for different
working fluids. The equal lengths of evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections were 50 mm each.
Pulsating (or oscillating) heat pipes (PHP or OHP) are new two-phase heat transfer devices that rely
on the oscillatory flow of liquid slug and vapor plug in a long miniature tube bent into many turns.
For the typical PHP as shown in Figure 2, a small diameter tube is normally employed with
serpentine configuration to make use of capillary force. All measured signals were transmitted by a
data acquisition unit (DR230, YOKOGAWA) and recorded by a personal computer for further
analysis. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or social media with custom GIFs. This paper
highlights the thermo-hydrodynamic characteristics of these devices. The startup characteristics are
actually strongly related to the supplied power. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion
and Power (IJTPP). For the typical PHP as shown in Figure 2, a small diameter tube is normally
employed with serpentine configuration to make use of capillary force.
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). In contrast, the
thermophysical properties of water make water applicable to the PHP having a larger tube diameter.
Nevertheless, bubbles are certainly needed for self-sustained thermally driven oscillations. The
pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger in this study. ( a ) The schematic diagram, and ( b ) the actual
one. At high evaporator temperature, marked as HET in Figure 6 b, the bulk circulation of the liquid
and vapor slugs seems to occur due to the detection of almost simultaneous surface temperature
oscillations in both evaporation and condensing sections. Transport zone 2 wall and the liquid in this
zone periodically accumulate heat when pressure at the saturation temperature increases and then
rejects heat while the pressure decreases when the sub cooled liquid comes to the transport 2 and the
heating 3 zones. However, then the fluctuation of the average temperature T e,avg is relatively small
when compared to an input power of 600 W. Thermal Resistance Ratio of anti-gravity condition to
gravity-assisted condition vs. For that purpose we have considered three configurations as 1.5mm
internal diameter, 2mm internal diameter and 1.5mm with 2mm alternate internal diameter. This
invention uses these discontinuities as a positive force for the action of the PHP. Video Say more by
seamlessly including video within your publication. Tseng, Chih-Yung, Ho-Meng Wu, Shwin-Chung
Wong, Kai-Shing Yang, and Chi-Chuan Wang. Future materials and compounds will by extension
address the same mechanism and methods to accomplish these ends. These devices consist of two
parts (sections)—evaporation and condensation where there are the traditional refrigerants with
considerable levels of pressure in the working regimes and also the traditional metallic materials for
tubes with internal diameter considerable more than capillary sizes. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
license ( ). Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the
Bureau of Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and Ministry of Science and Technology of
Taiwan under the contracts of MOST 107-2221-E-992-077-MY2 and MOST 108-2628-E-992-001-
MY3. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. The maximum heat input of this
study is 1000 W provided by a power supply (GW INSTEK PSB-2400L2). In the meantime, a
detectable temperature difference across the condenser is observed when the supplied heat flux is 1
kW due to the presence of a unilateral direction slug flow pattern. Download Free PDF View PDF
Journal of Heat Transfer Thermal Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Pure and
Binary Working Fluids Ashish Mahalle This paper presents preliminary experimental results on
thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP). The maximum heat transfer rate of
the heat pipe is mainly limited by the circulation limit of the wick structure. The porous insert 22 is
filled with the same fluid as the tubes, and it contains the azimuth channels 24 near the container
wall 29 and the axial channels 25. Despite the reliable and excellent heat transfer of the heat pipes,
the cost of heat pipe heat exchangers could be a concern since the use of multiple heat pipes with
wick structure being fabricated in each heat pipe interior wall, and the evacuation and the filling of
working fluid of each heat pipe in a heat pipe heat exchanger are necessary. Equations (1) and (2)
show that the heat transfer rate is in proportion to both the mass flow rate and the temperature
difference between the inlet and outlet of the airflow. Download Free PDF View PDF
Characterization of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Ethanol with Different Angles Ayad
M. Notice that there are 10 tubes used in the circuitry. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease
(GUCDD). The position of the PHP was vertical bottom heat type. 52 mm, 170 mm,60 mm was
retained for the duration of the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section. By manipulating the
uneven inner diameters of the adiabatic sections, the vapor tends to move to the lower frictional
pressure drop side and the liquid tends to move to higher capillary force side, eventually forming a
unitary flow that is able to withstand a much higher input power. Editors select a small number of
articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly.