LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Language Notes The function of language is to communicate or convey an idea or message. The language forms are the expressions or words used for a particular function. For an example, when we want to invite someone into our home, we say ‘Please come in’. The function is to invite and the statement please come n’is the form of that function, Read the following messages. Message 1 - Telephone Conversation Nurul Hello. May I help you? Mrs, Pang Hello, I'm Mrs. Pang. May I speak to Madam Fatimah, please? Nurul I'm sorry. My mother is not in at the moment. Can I take a message? Mrs, Pang My name is Mrs. Pang Sun San, I'm calling from Kelantan, My parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lim are your next door neighbour. I heard that your mother took my mother to the hospital yesterday. I’m calling to thank her for being so kind and helpful. Nurul That's very nice of you. I know my mother is glad to help. Your mother and my mother are good friends. Both of them love gardening. Mrs. Pang That's good but I’m still grateful. Tell your mother I’m much appreciating her kindness and please give my warmest regards to her. I'm glad that my parents have such good neighbours. Nurul Yes, Il tell her. It's kind of you to call. Mrs. Pang It’s my pleasure. Student’s Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Message 2: A message to Granny (note of concern, Dear Grandpa, Mom told me that you're not feeling well. How do you feel now? I’m sad to hear the news. Please take a lot of rest and don't forget to take your medicine. I'm sorry I can’t come to see you this weekend, I have to participate in a school science project. I will only be able to see you next weekend. Can I get you anything? Hope you'll get well soon. We love you Grandpa. Lots of love, Amelia Categories of Language Forms and Functions; 1.1: ESTABLISHING CONTACT 1. To greet a) Hello, David. b) How do you do, Aminah? ©) Hi, how are you John? d) Good morning, Nicol. 2. To take leave a) Please excuse me, I have to leave now. b) I'm sorry, I have to go now. See you tomorrow. ©) Goodbye, John. See you tomorrow. d) I'msorry I need to do something. See you tomorrow. Student's Name. sees -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 1.2: REQUESTING FOR INFORMATION 1. To darify a) Was she taking the books to the office? b) He's not missing. He has gone to the library. ©) Yes. She is in her office. d) Were they bringing their laptop to the seminar? 2. To request a) May I have another biscuit, please? b) Please come and sit beside me. c) How does this sweater look? d) Can try on? 3. To ask a) May I ask you a question, please? b) Where is your teacher, dear trainees? ) Can I ask you something? d) How did the accident happened? 1.3: GIVING INFORMATION 1. To daim a) Yes, that is my handbag. b) Malaysians are well known for their hospitality. ©) No, it’s not mine, d) That pen belongs to him. 2. To describe a) Sheis slim, fair and tall b) The room was rather small but beautifully decorated. ©) The black forest cake is very delicious. d) The buildings look so beautiful. Student’s Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 1.4: RESPONDING TO OTHERS BEHAVIOUR / ACTIONS 1. To apologize a) I'm sorry for being late. b) Please accept my apologies. c) I'm sorry, I’m new here. d) I'm sorry, I beg your pardon please. 2. To console a) Don't worry, try again next time, b) Cheer up! It’s not the end of the world. ¢) Don't cry Hanna, I'm here for you. d) There is always a second chance, try your luck again, 1.5: INFLUENCING OTHERS BEHAVIOUR / ACTIONS 1. To urge a) I urge you to stop smoking and gambling. b) You must go for that operation. ©) Don't disturb me, please. d) Stay there until I come and fetch you. 2. To suggest a) I suggest we go to Hong Kong this year. b) I think you had better stay at home. ©) I think we should move from here. 4) I suggest you to buy a car rather than a motorcycle. 3. To blame a) You are the one to be blame. b) It is your fault. ©) You are the one who broke that lamp. d) I think you are the one who stole my eraser. Student's Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 1.6: EXPRESSING EMOTIONS 1, Admiration ) Wow! You look gorgeous tonight. b) John, I truly admire your strength of character, ©) Wow! You look so gorgeous. 4) Lina, you are my idol since I was young. 2. Disappointment a) What a disappointing performance! b) I have seen better results than this. ©) I can't believe that it's happened to me. d) Rahul cant accept Sheena’s death. 3. Gratitude a) Tam very grateful of your help. b) Tam very fortunate to have you as my dear friend, ©) How lucky am I to be your girlfriend. d) I'm feeling lucky to work here. 4, Sympathy a) Oh, what's a pity! b) I'm sorry to hear that you lost your money. ©) My condolences to you. d) I sympathies with you. 5, Preferences a) I prefer to visit India rather than Australia. b) This is better than that one. ©) Blue is more suitable for you. d) You look nice when you are in traditional attire. 6. Appreciation a) Thanks for your support. by It was kind of you to offer help. ©) Lappreciate it. d) You are very kindhearted. Student's Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS More examples of Language Forms and Functions; . To agree To concern To advice . To volunteer To promise To agree . To disagree To confirm To dedare ° To decide To blame To inform . To take leave To express satisfaction To reject . To decline To refuse To accuse . To defend To warn To offer ° To forgive To announce To encourage ° To remind To propose To express interest 7 To protest To express envy To regret . To appeal To welcome To explain Students Namezssssssssssssvsessssssssssssessssseesseees -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS PRACTICE Answer all the following questions. Select the best answer that fits the task. 1. Kristin: Hello, Viiaya, Happy Deepavali to you and your family! Vijaya: Thank you. Do come in. I'm glad you have come. A. To wish B. To request Cc. To welcome D. To inform 2. Lily + Lehman fell while climbing up the mango tree. Rose : J. shouldn't have asked him to pluck the mangoes. To complain To regret To apologise 9O@> To advice 3. David: Hello, Sam. You look worried. Can I help you? sam: Could you lend me twenty ringgits? | need it urgently. A. Toinform B. Todescribe C. Tooffer D. Torequest 4. Kim: What shall we do this weekend? May — : Why don't we go on a picnic? A. To welcome B. To praise Student's Name:.. -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS. C. Tosuggest D. Toadvice 5. Charles : Gary, let's join Dark Glove's gang. Gary: No, I will never join them. A. To warn B. To regret C. Torefuse D. To apologize Patrick: What's wrong with you Janny? You look sick. Janny —_: 6)... (to inform) ... Patrick: 7).... (to advice) ... Janny __: Yes, but I don't know any dentist. Patrick: 8)... (to recommend) ... Janny + Will it be painful? Patrick: 9).... (to console) ... as the dentist would first give you an injection. 10) ... (to offer) ... Janny That would be great! Thank you, Patrick. It's nothing, only a headache. These teeth of mine need filling. Oh, I'm having a bad toothache. pO 2p Toothache always makes people look sick. You should eat good food. Then, you'd better visit a dentist. You must brush your teeth regularly. POPP L advise you to visit the dentist twice a year. 8. A. Well, you can go to my dentist. B. Well, I can't recommend you any. Student's Name:.. -SIR DEV-GUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS C. Well, Ican recommend you a good doctor. D. Well, I’m sorry I'm too busy to take you there. Don't worry, I'll look after you I'm sorry I can't promise you that Don't worry; you'll not feel any pain gO @> I'm sorry I'm not good at consoling patients 10. T'm sory I'm too busy. Well, I can pay for you Well, I don’t mind taking you there. 9B p> Well, my dentist can help you free of charge. 11. Sarah: Lhope we will make it to the finals this year. Jasmine: Weill all try our best. To promise To hope To console gomo> To compromise 12. Director: We need someone to draw the curtain at this point. Captain : Well, Ill be free then. I can do it. To accept To agree To confirm GOR > To volunteer Student's Name: -SIR DEV-13. 14. ‘5. Student’s Name: GUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Student : I'm sorry but I didn't bring my book. Teacher : Again! Well, this is your second time you've done it this week. Jf you do it again, you will have to leave the cla A. To command 8B. Tocriticize C. Towarn D. To complain Principal : This time I'm letting you off with only a warning. You don't come late to schoo! again. Belly Task : To promise A. Thank you, you are so kind. B. _ I-can't promise you anything, Sir. C. I promise not to be late again, Sir. D. I'm sorry, Sir. Please give me another chance. Captain : Can we have another five minutes, please? One of our players is not here yet. Referee: Task : To refuse Okay, five minutes only. I'm sorry. Rules are rules. I'm sorry. What happened to him? pope No problem, I'll wait for five more minutes. -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 16. Najib : The classroom needs new curtains. Devi Task : To decline I cannot help you. Yes, they certainly look worn out. Lam very sorry we can't afford new ones. go> I don't think so. All you needed is a good wash. 17. Sharon : Dad, do I need good grades to get into Medical? Bruce Task =: To confirm You may be right. You certainly need to. I don’t know. Ask your teacher. poe> Til confirm it with the department. 18. Waiter : Did you enjoy your meal, sir? Mr. Lee : Task : To express satisfaction Oh, it is okay. Well, that was a delicious meal! There is a room for improvement. go> Please go and look for more satisfied people. Student's Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 19, Teacher : Why is the class so dirty? Pupil Task =: To blame I don’t know who is on duty. Tl get the duty girls to clean it up. I'm sorry, teacher. I'll clean it now. PPP & The students in morning session always dirty the class. 20. Dolly: Whose pen is this? I found it on my table, Usha Task :Todl Give it to me, you thief! Someone is playing tricks. I wonder who put it there. It’s mine. I left it there by mistake. SOR > Student's Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Please read and circle the correct answers for question 1 to 10. 1 Student’s Name: Anuar : Whose pen is this? Iman : It’s mine. to quarrel to claim to protest to demand gOe> Dev _: The classroom needs new curtains. Puteri : Task —: To decline A. Tcannot help you. B. Yes, they certainly look worn out. C. Lam very sorry we can't afford new ones. D. I don't think so. All you needed is a good wash. Waiter : Did you enjoy your meal, sir? Miss Yong Task : To express satisfaction A. Oh, it is okay. 8. Well, that was a delicious meal! C. There is a room for improvement. D. Please go and look for more satisfied people. Monitor: Why is the class so dirty? Mirah Task : To blame I don't know who is on duty. Til get the duty girls to clean it up. I'm sorry, teacher. I'll clean it now. The students in morning session always dirty the class. poe> -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 5. Rubi: Whose pen is this? I found it on my table. Task: To claim A Give it to me, you thief! B. I wonder who put it there. C. Someone is playing tricks. D. It’s mine, I left it there by mistake. 6. “Cheer up! It’s not the end of the world” What is the best word suitable for this above statement? A. To confirm B. To thank C. To congratulate D. To console 7. “He's not missing. He has gone to the library” What is the best word suitable for this above statement? To clarify To request To ask To volunteer gom> 8. “She is slim, fair and tall’ What is the best word suitable for this above statement? To apologize To describe To claim To request goa 9. "You must go for that operation” What is the best word suitable for this above statement? To thank To describe To urge To clarify poe Student's Name: -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS. 10. “My condolences to you” What is the best word suitable for this above statement? . To claim . To sympathy To describe . To congratulate pop> SECTION B: TRUE / FALSE Answer question 11 to 15 and state whether TRUE or FALSE for the statements below. 11. I'm sorry I need to do something. See you tomorrow. (To take leave) 12. Leave it to us sir. We will clean it. (To confirm) 13. Thank goodness. She did not injured herself. (Express relieve) 14. Don't cry, I'm here for you. (To console) 15. Black colour is better than green. (To urge) SECTION C: GAP FILLING Please answer the question 16 - 20 with a suitable Language Function. Preferences _| To suggest Gratitude To describe To urge 16. How lucky I am to be your friend! _ 17. The boy wears a white shirt with a pair of black shoes. 18. Shall we go fora shoppingtoday?_ 19. There is a class today, Yati. 20. Black colour is better than green. Student's Name:.. -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS SECTION D: MATCHING Match the following question 21 - 25 to the correct sentences. 21. There is an assembly today. To direct 22. Take the first turning on the right. To announce 23. You stole my pen, didn't you? You thief! To enquire 24. Must I report the theft to the police? To express sympathy 25: Tm sorry to hear that. To blame MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS From the options A, B, C and'D, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Dave Jackie Dave Jackie Dave Jackie Student’s Name: What are you doing here? _1_ (To express shock) I thought you hated cigarettes. Itis none of your business. __2__ (To warn) __3__ (To express anger) You are already suffering from so many health problems. Why add another to the list? Look, I can certainly do without a long lecture. Why do you care anyway ? You do not know me well. Lam willing to be your friend. We can do a lot of things together. Come on, think about it. Maybe you are right. Thank you, To express shock A can't believe that you're smoking! B. You shouldn't be here at this hour! c You're supposed to be at the hospital, aren't you? D. I thought that you had already lef -SIR DEV-Kelly Intan Kelly Intan Kelly Intan LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Student’s Name:. To warn A Aren't you a smoker too? B Don't you dare to tell anyone about it! e T'm not afraid of you. s This is my problem and you have nothing to do with it To express anger A Thate you. B Smoking doesn't make you macho. @ How can you be so stupid? D. Smoking is bad for your health. Shelly, wait! Where are you going? Tim off to the staffroom to see Miss Lai about the campfire next weekend. Why? ‘Wait for me, T want to see Miss Lai, too, What for? Lhave a Maths problem to ask her, Come along then, I want to see her before she leaves. Where are you going? A To accept B. To take leave c To enquire D. To suggest Wait for me; Iwant to see Miss Lai, too. A To request B. To remind ¢ To command D. To invite eaeoe -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS 6 Thave a Maths problem to ask her A To suggest B To urge 6 To explain D. To reply 7 Come along then. A To suggest B To invite c To refuse D. To command Hairdresser : Well, It's done! How do you like it? (showing eustomer her new hairstyle) Situation: To express shock What have you done to my hair? It’s not at all like what I expected, really. You will have to do it all over again. I can’t have shocking pink hair. Blue hair? Are you sure that’s the latest craze? saop> Conductor : Fifty cents. Girl Oh! I've lost my purse! I've no money! Lady Don't worry, I'l pay for your ticket. Situation : To express gratitude Oh, there’s no need, actually! I simply can’t accept that. That's so very kind of you. Thank you. Oh, no, no! How can you do that! csapPp Rachel _: So, itis settled then! Ten o'clock tomorrow? Albert : Right! I'll see you then, (Choose the best situation for the sentence in bold.) A To inform B. To instruct c To confirm D. —Toaceept Student's Name. reese -SIR DEV-LANGUAGE FORMS & FUNCTIONS Student's Name: -SIR DEV-