1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter deals with the introduction, background of the study,

statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope, and delimitation of the study,

and significance of the study.

Introduction

- Start with a striking sentence that attract the reader

- Legal basis, legal order, circulars and others…

- What prompted and triggered to conduct the study

- Justify the needs of conducting the study

- Research gap

- Justify the newness and relevant topics

Background of the Study

- Overview of the research topic

Statement of the Problem

- Place the SOP approved during the title defense

 2

Hypotheses

- Use null hypothesis

- There are 2 hypothesis of the study – Usually for SOP 2 and 4

(There is no significant difference…………………………)

Scope and Limitation of the Study

- Brief statement of the general purpose of the study

- The subject matter and topics studied and discussed

- The locale of the study, where the data were gathered

- The population of the respondents

- The period of the study, either in month, or years during which the

data were gathered.

Significance of the Study

- Identify the end user (person, group of people or organization),

describe the degree of importance in the study

- The rationale, timeliness and or relevance of the study

- Who are to be benefited and how they are going to be benefited

 3

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies both

foreign and local. The presentation is as follows: Foreign Literatures; Local

Literature; Foreign Studies; Local Studies; and, Relevance of the Reviewed

Literature and Studies to the Present Investigation.

(Thematic presentation based on the variables in the SOP)

Literature

Studies

Synthesis of the Review Literature and Studies

- Cite the similarities and dissimilarities of the reviewed

literatures/studies which have directly connected to the present

study.

Theoretical Framework

- Cite the theory/anchored of the study

 4

- Make theoretical paradigm as Figure 1.

Conceptual Framework

- Discuss the variable of the study

- Make conceptual paradigm as figure no. 2

Definition of terms - define operationally and technically the important terms

used in the study.

- Include the variables in the SOP in the definition of terms.

- Cite references if technically defined

- Researcher develop his or her own definition in operational

definition

- Definition must be brief and clear

Operational definition – based on how the researcher used the term

Conceptual definition – based on the definition given by the law or

dictionary.
 5

CHAPTER 3

Method of Research and Procedure

This chapter present the research method, population and sampling

scheme, profile of the respondents, validation of the instruments, procedure in

the gathering of data and statistical treatment of data.

Research Method

- Discuss the method to be used

Population and Sampling Scheme

- Discuss the sampling method to be used and mention the

population (group of the respondents)

Respondents of the Study

- Discuss how many groups of respondents

- Discuss the total number per group of respondents

- The total number of respondents required for Masteral is not less

than 150 and for Doctoral not less than 400.

Research Instruments
 6

- Discuss the research instrument to be used (SQ, interview)

- Discuss the parts of the Survey Questionnaire

- Questionnaires should answer the SOP

Validation of the Instrument

The research instruments that will be used in the study will be validated

as follows:

Concurrent Validity.

Dry-run Validity.

Data Gathering Procedures

The following are the steps in the gathering of data:

1. Preliminary interview with the respondents through online;

2. Validation of the formulated / developed survey instruments;

3. Distribution of the survey instruments to the respondents;

4. Collection of the answered questionnaires from the respondents;

5. Scanning of the responses of the survey questionnaires;

6. Tabulation of responses;

7. Statistical treatment of data;

8. Tabular presentation of the results;

 7

9. Interpretation of the data in the tables; and,

10. Analysis of the Data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following will be undertaken for the treatment of the gathered data

from the survey questionnaires.

Include the Scale and interpretation to be used.

Include the tool to be used to answer the SOP on significant difference

or significant relationship.

The 4–Point Likert Scale

SCALE INTERVALS DESCRIPTION

4 3.26 – 4.00

3 2.51 – 3.25

2 1.76 – 2.50

1 1.00 – 1.75
 8

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the findings of the study according to the

following sequence: ………………………………

Sub-problem No. 1. State in declarative form

- Present the table per variable

- Interpret the table per variable

- To strengthen the study, cite literature or studies which are similar

or dissimilar to the result per variable.

Sub-problem No. 2.

- Present the table

- Interpret the table

Sub-problem No. 3.

- Present the table

- Interpret the table

Sub-problem No. 4.

- Present the table

 9

- Interpret the table

Sub-problem No. 5

- Present and discuss the output of your study

 10

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations proposed by the researcher.

This study aimed to assess the ………………………….

Summary of Findings

1. State SOP No. 1. (in declarative form)

1.1. present the summary of findings of variable no.1
1.2. present the summary of findings of variable no. 2.
1.3. Present the summary of findings of variable no. 3
1.4. Present the summary of findings of variable no. 4
1.5. Present the summary of findings of variable no. 5

2. State SOP No. 2. (in declarative form)

Present the summary of findings
3. State SOP No. 3. (in declarative form)
Present the summary of findings
4. State SOP N. 4.
Present the summary of findings
Conclusions
- Based on the findings of the study

- Four conclusions should be presented

Recommendations
 11

- Based on the findings and conclusions

SHOULD BE PRESENTED IN APA FORMAT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

B. Journals/Articles

C. Thesis/Dissertation

D. Government Publications

E. Electronic Sources

ELECTRONICS SOURCES (SAMPLE)

Patterson, Michael (2016) http//igi-global.com/chapter/relevance-of-the use-of-

instructional material-in-teaching-and-pedagogical-delivery/133-811

Government Publications (SAMPLE)

Republic Act No. 8047. Book Publishing Industry Development Act of the
Philippine from the World Wide Web www.lawphil.net.
 12

APPENDIX A

Letter Request to the Respondents

 13

APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Instrument No. 1

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENT

Direction: Please put a check (✓) mark in the space provided before the
item
or write the answer that best describes you.

1. Type / Category of Respondent:

2. Sex: _________ Male _________ Female

3. Civil Status: _________ Single _________ Married

_________ Annuled _________ Widowed

4. Age Bracket:

5. Educational Attainment:

_________ College Undergraduate _________ Doctoral Units

 14

_________ College Graduate _________ Doctoral Degree

Graduate
_________ Master Unit s _________ Others: Please indicate:
_________ Master Degree Graduate
________________________________

Instrument No. 2
(SOP No. 1)
 15

Instrument No. 3
(SOP No. 3)
 16

Instrument No. 4
(SOP No. 5)
 17

CURRICULUM VITAE