Banila, Maripet L. Prof.

Narciso Cabanilla
BSEDEN 1-1N UNIT 3: Assessment 3

1. Write down the changes and developments felt in the Philippines in the
nineteenth century.

A. Political:
- The 19th century was considered the era when timmense and
drastic change happened in various aspects of our country. First
one, in Politics. Politics around the world were able to get strong
given how the time went by. Spain has now enemies, many
enemies who eyed the colonized countries that Spain holds. In an
attempt to protect those, Sapin has begun to alter the Political and
organization system of its colonized countries. However, since in
the Philippines, religion was used to enslave the Filipinos’
therefore, the government had a hard time altering the politics as
friars overpowered them. Thus, the social status between ‘indios’
and Spaniard blood set more unjustly and discriminating difference
between them resulting to various cruelty and degradation. This
very situation fueled the Philippines Revolution that started in 1895
and afterwards.

B. Economy:
- Economy in this era went unders great and beneficial changes. I
personally think that the reason behind this was General Basco
who did lots of things to utilize and expand businesses in and out of
our country. He initiated radical economic and political reforms
which helped a lot to the decreasing economic state before. Some
of his deeds were lifting some rules and restrictions among Chinese
 trades. Moreover, he was able to make Manila continue opening up
to external businesses. He was able to strengthen the Trade Union
by boosting the Tobacco Monopoly. General Basco, is a person
who was able to reinvigorate the trades and commerce externally
which greatly helped the Philippine global export economy.

C. Social-Cultural:
- Social status among citizens here has changed as well. Races who
may be considered as an elite or in the middle class, or could go to
schools have improved. Since Chinese became fundamental to
Philippine economy before, discrimination to them was put to halt
thus wrestling to Chinese meztizos in our country. Even Asian
Eurasian mestizos were able to climb above the Philippine social
class. There was also a creation of Principalia, a land of elites
which consists of Inquilinos, minor indigenuous bureaucrats, and
former government. Rizal’s family was one of the Inquilinos who,
unfortunately, still received the wrath of Spaniard’s cruelty.

References:
● Cabanilla, N., et al., Life and Works of Rizal, Unit 3, pp. 12-16, Retrieved from:
https://pupedu.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/sites/BSEDEN1-1NGEED10013TF130-300P
M2ndSem.AY21-22/Class%20Materials/UNIT%202%20%26%203_GEED-10013
-LIFE-AND-WORKS-OF-RIZAL(2).pdf?csf=1&web=1&e=58L7dH

● The 19th Century, Britannica, Retrieved from:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-period-of-U-S-influence
Banila, Maripet L. Prof. Narciso Cabanilla
BSEDEN 1-1N UNIT 3: Assessment 4

1. Who are the personages mentioned and what is their relationship with each
other?
- Several people were mentioned in this passage. They are the
Gobernadorcillo of Calamba, the one who approved Rizal's petition. It
would be also important to include the Dominican friars who own the
mentioned Hacienda in Calamba. They are also the ones who are
suspected of paying the taxes inappropriately. Thus, the creation of a
report was required and this petition was submitted as well. The tenants
as well, should be worthy to join in this list as they are the ones who are
experiencing the unfair and unjust system that has been circulating in this
hacienda. Their signatures were included in the list as it contains the
complaints that they desired to be fixed. These people mentioned
above, are some of the individuals who are directly involved in this
petition.

2. Why was this document written? Provide evidence from the document.
- In the first part, it is said that a report must be submitted in compliance by
the government. This petition was submitted in the government as well
containing the abuse done by the owners of these lands. This very petition
signed by tenants and principales is written to declare, and therefore
reveal the cruelty and unfair system in their area. Aside from the fact that
this paper would be able to investigate the inappropriate tax business of
its owners, this also has actual evidence of their violence.
- This paper itself would not only reveal the situation of the tenants about
paying unjustifiable rent, it would also tell how this affects the livelihood of
tenants; unable to improve their life because of the increasing rent price.
This paper does not only contain the complaints of the locals, but also
 their hope and strong desire for justice and a halt on the continuous
changing of dominicans friars and tenant contracts.
- This petition, written by Rizal does not only reveal the despicability of the
friars, but it symbolizes courage of the people to claim what is theirs; the
result of their blood, sweat and time.

3. What can you tell about life in the Hacienda de Calamba during the time the
document was written?
- The Philippines itself has been experiencing a lot of hardships in this era.
The Calamba situation was merely one of its examples. I could not think of
the cruelty and trauma people of Calamba felt. The continuous abuse of

4. What are the complaints of the tenants? Enumerate at least three.

- The very first complaint of the tenants is the continuous alteration of
contracts, increasing the rent as time goes by. People experience this kind
of mistreatment for such a long time ever since they got their feet in there.
Second is the unfair charges that the Dominican friar imposed to the
tenants. After making the tenants pay for their rents, they must also pay
for the crops that they harvested and cared for. Despite their continuous
labor, the people still don’t get the appropriate crops that they deserve.
Moreover, aside from the threat of increasing rent they also fear the
possibility of their land being taken from them. This kind of practice seems
unimaginable to me. To think that they spent almost their life cultivating
and taking care of the land, paying every second that they live and for
every crop that they are harvesting. Still, the tyranny of these owners still
highly affects their lives.

5. What was the reaction to the complaint? According to the module, as soon as
the manager of this hacienda heard about this petition, they decided to stop it in
any way they could. Also, they declared their win upon this report as they could
pay and make tenants perish by dragging chains. They showed the list of
 treasure, revealing the names of the tenants who participated and spoke truth of
their cruelty. Thus, they tried depriving them of their lands, forcing them to stop
and their work. However, despite these despicable acts toward the tenants who
only wanted justice, they still remain confident in pursuing the rights that they
deserve.

6. What were the final demands of the petition?

- The tenants and people contained in this petition,asked for the removal of
interest